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1.
为测定致羔羊脑炎粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)的生长曲线,寻求一种快速而准确的方法测定不同生长时期粪肠球菌数量,并客观评价其毒性强弱及其对小鼠脑组织的影响,试验采用平板菌落计数法和OD-Monitor振荡比浊法(Dλ值法)测定粪肠球菌的生长曲线,探究该菌在合适时间段内的吸光值(D600 nm)与平板菌落计数法测定的活菌数(CFU)的关系。用粪肠球菌感染小鼠,观察记录小鼠的死亡情况,最后采用Karber法计算粪肠球菌感染小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。用LD50的剂量感染小鼠,及时采集死亡小鼠脑组织,未死亡的小鼠72 h后全部剖杀取脑组织,一部分做涂片染色,制作病理切片,观察病理变化;一部分进行培养,用于PCR方法进行细菌的回收鉴定。结果显示,用两种方法测定此株粪肠球菌的生长曲线基本一致,在2~8 h生长迅速,为对数生长期,8~14 h生长缓慢,为稳定期,14 h之后死亡数增加,进入衰亡期;对12 h粪肠球菌D600 nm与CFU的关系进行探讨,成功建立回归方程:y=20.769x-1.3422,R2=0.997;其感染小鼠的LD50为7.77×1011个活菌。以此剂量感染小鼠,脑组织涂片染色和培养染色,均能看到革兰氏阳性球菌;PCR结果显示,均出现了大小为112 bp的条带。对脑组织进行病理学观察发现该菌可导致脑组织充血、出血、形成微血栓,脑膜充血。通过生长曲线和其D600 nm与CFU关系的建立,可实时监测粪肠球菌数量,为后期更深入研究粪肠球菌穿越血脑屏障的机制奠定重要的理论基础。 相似文献
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根据大豆理想株型的概念,分析了大豆的主要生理性状和形态性状与产量的关系,并提出了大豆高产理想株型的合理构成,以期为大豆育种的田间选择和株型育种提供理论依据和实践指导。 相似文献
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本研究根据多箱体养蜂的原理,结合我国一般蜂场既生产蜂蜜又生产蜂王浆的具体特点,设计常年用两个箱体供蜂群生活、育儿和贮存饲料,流蜜期再加箱体专供蜂群贮放蜂蜜。结果表明,用两个育虫箱养蜂,比用一个育虫箱容易培养和保持强群;流蜜期用加贮蜜继箱的方法代替勤取蜜,不仅减少了取蜜次数,而且能提高蜂蜜的浓度和产量,同时蜂王浆生产照常进行,产浆量不受影响。 相似文献
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描记滑胸茧蜂属属征和褐滑胸茧蜂形态,并提供该蜂的形态图。 相似文献
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Although agronomically interesting, selection of creeping-rootedness inlucerne, that is, the ability to form adventitious shoots on horizontal,spreading roots, remains difficult because of the complex and still unclear geneticcontrol of this character, coupled with the possible occurrence of external factorsthat affect unpredictably its expression. Two experiments were undertaken onprogenies of creeping-rooted plants, to verify previous findings and inferences,and test novel hypotheses, concerning the effect of various plant factors on theexpression of creeping-rootedness. The ultimate aim was to provide information onthe most appropriate germplasm, procedures, or indirect selection criteria, that wouldimprove the efficiency of breeding for this character. The factors here examinedincluded genotype, age, kind of progeny, vigour, spreading ability, and undergroundmorphology. Some genotypes appeared to be good donors of the character, whereasothers did not. The proportion of creeping-rooted plants increased in allcases with the plant age. Selfing consistently depressed the expression ofthe character compared with clonal propagation or crossing. It is suggestedthat the effect of age and selfing on the penetrance of creeping-rootedness ismediated through their effect on plant vigour. Both aerial and root vigour showedindeed an effect per se on the presence of the character. Beside thevigour, possible indirect selection criteria were identified in the frequenciesof swollen zones and latent stem primordia on horizontal roots. Proportion ofcreeping-rooted plants in progenies after one year of growth appeared as a simple anduseful criterion to predict future trends. Consistent with previous conclusions, theresults provided evidence that a combination of family and individualselection may enhance the character expression. 相似文献
8.
N. J. M. Roozen J. W. L. Van Vuurde 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(5):321-334
Various compounds and basal media were tested for their suitability to create a semi-selective medium for isolation ofClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus (Cms) from cattle manure slurry containing c. 108 colony forming units (cfu) per ml.Plating efficiency of Cms in yeast glucose mineral medium (YGM) was 104% compared with yeast peptone glucose medium. Nalidixic acid, polymyxin B sulphate and the experimental disinfectant S-0208 inhibited colony growth of cattle slurry bacteria as compared with Cms in YGM. The optimal concentration of these inhibitors in combination was determined by modified agar diffusion tests and by pour plating in 24-well tissue culture plates. The semi-selective medium YGMI consisted of YGM supplemented with nalidixic acid (2 mg/l), polymyxin B sulphate (30 mg/l) and S-0208 (125 mg/l). Plating efficiency varied for Cms between 50.9 and 69.6%, for cattle slurry bacteria between 1.8 and 2.5% and for saprophytes from potato heel end extracts between 11.5 and 27.4%.Differentiation of Cms colonies from other colonies was based on their small and bluish colony morphology in pour plates and on immunofluorescence colony-staining (IFC). IFC of a pure culture of micro colonies of Cms in YGM was possible after one day incubation (colonies c. 5 cells). Green background fluorescence in the agar gels was prevented by addition of Tween 20 (0.1%) to the washing buffer and the use of 1% agar gels. IFC of macro colonies of Cms in YGMI, visible with 4x objective magnification, was possible after 4 days. The detection level of the target organism in artificially inoculated cattle slurry in YGMI based on colony morphology varied between 1.4×103 and 2.3×104 cfu per ml of cattle slurry. Miniaturized plating combined with IFC, using wells in tissue culture plates (=16 mm), proved suitable for detection, but was c. 30 times les sensitive. The recovery of Cms was negatively correlated with the number of saprophytic colonies in the agar plates (R
2=0.74). 相似文献
9.
After about 25 years of intensive research a substantial moment of information has accumulated on the basic biology of Prostephanus truncatus in stored products. This article reviews the literature on the geographical distribution, biotypes, symbiotic associations, mating and flight behaviour, oviposition, and development on both agricultural and non-agricultural hosts. The current knowledge about the nutritional biology (including the role of symbionts) and host finding behaviour (including the inter-linked roles of plant chemicals and the insect's own pheronones) are highlighted as research areas which deserve future attention. In addition, few studies have been conducted to determine the extent to which the biology of P. truncatus permits it to survive and reproduce in non-agricultural environments. These areas of study should be pursued as possible routes to providing more effective integrated pest managements strategies for the larger grain borer. 相似文献
10.
对3~22周龄山羊胎儿肺进行了肉眼、光镜和透射电镜观察,结果表明:1.7~22周龄山羊胎儿肺的外部形态与胎龄无关,肺的外部形态以左二右四叶者为多见.肺的叶间裂和右肺副裂常不完整,以浆膜、肺组织或混合性组织(肺组织及浆膜)融合;2.山羊胎儿肺的发育分为5个时期:胚胎期(3~5周)肺芽分支形成主支气管,主支气管长度不断增长并萌芽出叶支气管,均衬以假复层柱状上皮。腺状期(6~12周)以支气管树发育为主,小支气管衬以假复层和/或单层柱状上皮;终蕾呈腺状,上皮细胞由假复层柱状逐渐变为单层柱状,胞核向细胞顶端移行;终蕾上皮细胞游离面可见短小的微绒毛;线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体随着胎龄增加而逐渐增多,它们均位于细胞顶部。小管期(13~14周)以呼吸部发育为主,原始肺泡开始形成,呼吸性细支气管衬以未分化的立方上皮;终蕾腺状结构逐渐消失,终蕾上皮细胞由高矮不等的单层柱状上皮逐渐演变为立方形的原始肺泡上皮;细胞游离面可见较多的微绒毛,胞质内线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体较发达。囊状期(第15周)呼吸部发育显著,肺内细支气管及其末端呈现出“充气”状态;部分原始肺泡上皮细胞分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞;Ⅱ型细胞内出现嗜锇小体。肺泡期(16~22周)以肺泡的形成和分化为主,更多的肺泡上皮分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞。此期,毛细血管内皮与部分肺泡上皮贴近,可将肺泡上皮细胞区分为3种:Ⅰ型细胞,呈矮柱状或椭圆形,胞质中有较明显的核糖体、扩张内质网及变性线粒体;形成了由Ⅰ型细胞一基膜一内皮细胞组成的气血屏障。Ⅱ型细胞,胞质内含丰富的嗜锇板层小体和核糖体,内质网扩张呈大小不一的泡状,多泡体出现,线粒体膨大变性,细胞游离面可见少数微绒毛。Ⅲ型细胞,为未分化细胞,呈立方形,胞体较小,胞核相对较大,呈圆或椭圆形,胞质少,呈带状.电子密度低,细胞器少。 相似文献