Effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field emitted during embryogenesis on chick development and hatchability          下载免费PDF全文

K. Pawlak  Z. Nieckarz  A. Sechman  D. Wojtysiak  B. Bojarski  B. Tombarkiewicz 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(3):222-230

The level of artificial electromagnetic field (EMF) has steadily increased with the development of human civilization. The developing chicken embryo has been considered a good model to study the effects of EMF on living organisms. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field during embryogenesis on the frequency of chick embryo malformations, morphometric parameters of the heart and liver and concentration of corticosterone in blood plasma, lipid and glycogen content in the liver of newly hatched chicks. A 1800 MHz EMF was found to shorten the duration of embryogenesis (earlier pipping and hatching of chicks) while having no effect on the quantity and quality of chicks and on increasing the incidence of embryo malformations. Exposure of chick embryos to EMF caused decreases in relative heart weight and right ventricle wall thickness. The pipping and hatching of chicks can be accelerated by stressful impact of EMF, which is confirmed by a significant increase in plasma corticosterone concentrations and decrease in fat and glycogen in the liver of chicks exposed during embryogenesis on the electromagnetic field with a frequency of 1800 MHz.  相似文献   

绿色环保型循环冷却水处理技术     

李明言  王艳秋  李想道  薛冰  付宁 《绿色科技》2015,(7)

分析了当前绿色环保的循环冷却水的处理工艺、现状、机理和应用情况，指出了绿色环保型循环冷却水的重要性，以期引起业内的重视并提供参考。  相似文献   

Time‐lapse monitoring of soil water content using electromagnetic conductivity imaging          下载免费PDF全文

J. Huang  E. Scudiero  W. Clary  D. L. Corwin  J. Triantafilis 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(2):191-204

The volumetric soil water content (θ) is fundamental to agriculture because its spatiotemporal variation in soil affects the growth of plants. Unfortunately, the universally accepted thermogravimetric method for estimating volumetric soil water content is very labour intensive and time‐consuming for use in field‐scale monitoring. Electromagnetic (EM) induction instruments have proven to be useful in mapping the spatiotemporal variation of θ. However, depth‐specific variation in θ, which is important for irrigation management, has been little explored. The objective of this study was to develop a relationship between θ and estimates of true electrical conductivity (σ) and to use this relationship to develop time‐lapse images of soil θ beneath a centre‐pivot irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) crop in San Jacinto, California, USA. We first measured the bulk apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a – mS/m) using a DUALEM‐421 over a period of 12 days after an irrigation event (i.e. days 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12). We used EM4Soil to generate EM conductivity images (EMCIs). We used a physical model to estimate θ from σ, accounting for soil tortuosity and pore water salinity, with a cross‐validation RMSE of 0.04 cm³/cm³. Testing the scenario where no soil information is available, we used a three‐parameter exponential model to relate θ to σ and then to map θ along the transect on different days. The results allowed us to monitor the spatiotemporal variations of θ across the surveyed area, over the 12‐day period. In this regard, we were able to map the soil close to field capacity (0.27 cm³/cm³) and approaching permanent wilting point (0.03 cm³/cm³). The time‐lapse θ monitoring approach, developed using EMCI, has implications for soil and water use and management and will potentially allow farmers and consultants to identify inefficiencies in water application rates and use. It can also be used as a research tool to potentially assist precision irrigation practices and to test the efficacy of different methods of irrigation in terms of water delivery and efficiency in water use in near real time.  相似文献   

Mapping soil salinity and pH across an estuarine and alluvial plain using electromagnetic and digital elevation model data     

J. Huang  V. N. L. Wong  J. Triantafilis 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(3):394-402

Increasing pressures from agriculture and urbanization have resulted in drainage of many floodplains along the eastern Australian coastline, which are underlain by sulphidic sediments, to lower water tables and reduce soil salinity. This leads to oxidation of the sediments with a rapid decline in pH and an increase in salinity. Accurately mapping soil salinity and pH in coastal acid sulphate soil (CASS) landscapes is therefore important. One required map is the extent of highly acidic (i.e. pH < 4.5) areas, so that the application of alkaline amendments (e.g. lime) to neutralize the acid produced can be specifically targeted to the variation in pH. One approach is to use digital soil mapping (DSM) using ancillary information, such as an EM38, digital elevation models (DEM – elevation) and trend surface parameters (east and north). We used an EM38 in the horizontal (EM38h) and vertical (EM38v) modes together with elevation data to develop multiple linear regressions (MLR) for predicting EC_1:5 and pH. For pH, best results were achieved when the EM38 EC_a data were log‐transformed. By comparing MLR models using REML analysis, we found that using all ancillary data was optimal for mapping EC_1:5, whereas the best predictors for pH were north, log‐EM38v and elevation. Using residual maximum likelihood (REML), the final EC_1:5 and pH maps produced were consistent with previously defined soil landscape units, particularly CASS. The DSM approach used is amenable for mapping saline soils and identifying areas requiring the application of lime to manage acidic soil conditions in CASS landscape.  相似文献   

Industry Experiment on Parameter Optimizing of Final Electromagnetic Stirring     

LIN Guo-qiang  XIE Zhi  YU Xiao-fang  LI Jun  KONG Fan-jie  JIA Guang-lin 《保鲜与加工》2007,(9):56-59

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The Biological Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Cells     

LIU Xin~  ZHU Jian~  ZHONG Ji-kang~ 《保鲜与加工》2004,(1):112-115

The biological effects of ELFMES including proliferation and apoptosis of cells as well as the damage of DNA are initially evaluated with the treatment of plant cells and human pulmonary fibroblasts in low frequency magnetic fields with certain intensity and different time intervals in vitro. Cell culture, counting in vitro, fluorescent dyeing analysis and single cell gel electrophoresis are adopted. The results demonstrate that the electromagnetic field with the intensity of 3mT can affect the proliferation and apoptosis of cells significantly.  相似文献   

A Receiving Surface of Perturbative Photon Fluxes in Interaction Between Gravitational Waves and EM Fields     

ZHANG Yi  WU Zhang-han 《保鲜与加工》2004,(9):60-63

According to Electrodynamics in curved spacetime, the interaction between gravitational waves (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) fields will produce perturbative electromagnetic fields. In a special EM system, namely, a Gaussian beam (Gb) propagating through a static magnetic field, the photon flux along the direction of the electric field of the Gb will be only a pure perturbative photon flux,when a GW propagates along the symmetric axis of a Gaussian beam. Detailed alanysis and calculation of the photon flux along several typical surfaces are performed, and a possible optimum plane which can receive perturbative photons up to 10~4s~(-1) is proposed. It is possible to provide an important method to detection of GW.  相似文献   

The Application of Relevant Homology in the Unified Representation of Electromagnetic Potentials and Gauge Transformation     

Yun Zhengqing  Tan Bangding 《保鲜与加工》1995,(1):45-50

Electromagnetic potentials and gauge transformation are derived for non-cloSedexterior differential forms with the help of relevant homology.Since de Rham ccahomology is sure-ly a relavant homology. potentials for both closed and non-closed forms and the gauge transforma-tion ean be unified in terms of relavent homology.  相似文献   

STUDY OF DIGITAL SIMULATION FOR THE CIRCUIT ELEMENTS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAYS COMMONLY USED IN RELAY PROTECTIVE DEVICES     

Wang Xiaoru Mi Linshu 《保鲜与加工》1989,(1):26-35

This paper applies the Gear-4 algorithm to constitute the companion models lor the circuit elements and electromagnetic relays commonly used in relay protective devices. The interface computation, which describes the node equation of companion model and differential equation of mechanical moving part for the electromagnetic Jelay, is also presented. For the reason mentioned above, it makes possible* to solve more accurately the transient process of relay protective devices including electromagnetic relay using the companion model method. The simplicity and effectiveness of interface computation have been proved by the example calcultaion.  相似文献   

高速电磁阀电磁力近似模型的构建与分析   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

刘鹏  范立云  白云  马修真  宋恩哲 《农业工程学报》2015,31(16):96-101

为提高高速电磁阀动态响应速度,采用近似模型方法,以建立电磁阀多物理场零维近似耦合模型,实现其性能高效预测及优化。首先创建了柴油机电控单体泵高速电磁阀电磁力有限元计算模型,并通过与试验对比验证了模型的精度。结合面中心复合设计、嵌套中心复合设计、最优拉丁超立方设计与二次多项式响应面模型、Kriging模型、径向基函数模型,构建了18组电磁力近似模型。分析了不同样本点集大小、试验设计方法及近似方法对近似模型精度的影响。得出近似模型的精度随着样本点集的增大并非呈现单调递增的关系;而最优拉丁超立方试验设计与Kriging模型、径向基函数模型具有良好的适应性。构建高速电磁阀工作气隙、驱动电流、线圈匝数、副磁极半径、衔铁厚度、衔铁半径等关键参数的电磁力近似模型最佳方案是最优拉丁方试验设计与Kriging模型的组合,样本点集大小为二次多项式响应面模型所需最少样本点数的1.5倍,模型复相关系数、平均绝对误差、均方根误差值分别为0.97、0.06、0.09。该研究为高速电磁阀多物理场零维近似耦合模型的建立及其优化提供了参考。  相似文献