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1.
禾本科小麦族三个物种的核型及进化关系分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首次报道了禾本科小麦族3个物种的核型,二倍体长穗偃麦草2n=2x=14=10m 4sm(2SAT),核型属于2A型;假鹅观草2n=2x=14=8m 6sm(2SAT),核型属于2A型;中间偃麦草2n=6x=42=16m 20sm(4SAT) 6st,核型属于3B型;同时,根据Stebbins的核型进化理论和分支系统学的编序、赋值方法,对核型的4个重要性状进行了分析,结果表明在这3个物种中二倍体长穗偃麦草与假鹅观草进化程度基本一致,而中间偃麦草相对进化程度较高。 相似文献
2.
利用高冰草在旱地建植大面积绿化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆盲目开垦的旱地面积很大 ,生产力水平低 ,弃荒地多 ,水土流失严重。从新疆农垦科学院引进的澳大利亚牧草—高冰草 (Agropyronelongatum)具有耐旱、耐寒、耐盐碱、品质优、青绿期长、产量高等优良特性 ,在降水量 2 50 350mm的山前缓坡旱地种植高冰草 ,建植绿地恢复植被 6 6 .7hm2 。结果表明 :高冰草在该地区能正常完成生育期 ,生育期为 152d、绿期长 2 10d ,分蘖力强、单株分蘖数 110个 ,植株高 10 0～ 16 0cm。营养期粗蛋白含量为 19.14% ,产量高峰期的第 3a干草产量 74 19.0kg/hm2 ,与对照 (蒿属 +羊茅型荒漠草原 )相比 ,提高 2 86 1.7% ,种子产量 150kg/hm2 ,干草适应喂马、牛、羊等家畜 ,为旱地大面积退耕还草建植绿地 ,减少水土流失 ,保护环境起到了前期试验示范作用。 相似文献
3.
Among the wheatgrasses that are possible sources of genetic resistance for wheat to barley yellow-dwarf-virus disease (BYD) are those that have been commonly subsumed under the name Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv. Two of these wheatgrass species are the diploid Lophopymm elongatum (Host) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14) and the decaploid L. ponticum (Podp.) Á. Löve (2n = 10x = 70). These two species, the addition and substitution lines of L. elongatum chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and derivatives of hybrids between hexaploid wheat and L. ponticum, were screened for resistance to BYD, as defined by visual symptoms in field-grown plants. The two species, an amphiploid derived from L. elongatumבChinese Spring’ wheat, and the derivatives involving L. ponticum chromosomes were all highly resistant. The substitution and addition lines of L. elongatum chromosomes in ‘Chinese Spring’ revealed that the genetic control of resistance in L. elongatum must be complex, with more than one critical locus involved. Chromosomes 2E and 5E are involved and there are lesser contributions to resistance from the remaining wheatgrass chromosomes. One highly resistant derivative was determined to have only three pairs of L. ponticum chromosomes. It has a wheat-like morphology and shows promise for further characterization. 相似文献
4.
SCAR marker tagged to the alien leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 uniquely marking the Agropyron elongatum-derived gene Lr24 in wheat: a revision 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker tagged to an Agropyron elongatum‐derived leaf rust resistance (Lr) gene Lr19 was validated on 18 known alien Lr gener in near‐isogenic lines (NILs) in the variety ‘Thatcher’, along with three wheat cultivers carrying Lr24 and two carrying Lr19. The marker was expressed only in the Lr24 lines confirming that the marker tagged the geneLr24. The monomorphic expression of the SCAR marker in 10NIL pairs for Lr19 and Lr24 revealed that each NIL pair possessed the same gene, Lr24. The donor parents used in the NIL pairs for Lr19 (‘Sunstar*6/C80‐1′) and Lr24 (‘TR380‐14*7/3Ag#14′) amplified the same fragment. Nonsegregation for leaf rust in the F2 population of the cross between the above donor parents confirmed the presence of the same gene in the two parents. Apparently, a genuine parent stock of ‘Sunstar*6/C80‐1’ was not involved in the development of the NIL pairs for Lr19 due to an improper maintence bredding protocol either at source or destination which went undetected in the absence of signs of virulence for either gene in the region. 相似文献
5.
小麦中国春背景下长穗偃麦草光合作用相关基因的染色体定位 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
光合作用与小麦产量关系的研究倍受国内外学者关注，而以代换系为材料研究外源染色体对光合作用的效应至今未见报道。本文以小麦－长穗偃麦草二体代换系为材料，以旗叶为主要测定叶位，用美国CID公司生产的CI-310便携式光合作用测定系统于田间测定旗叶光合速率在各生育期变化，并测定其与产量构成因素间的相关性。结果表明，DS2Ee(2A)代换系在开花期具有在整个生育期最高的光合速率，2Ee染色体可在穗粒数性状的改良过程中加以利用。DS4Ee(4A、4B、4D)代换系其旗叶从抽穗期到灌浆期始终保持较高水平净光合速率，对籽粒形成和充实十分有利，4Ee染色体可在通过改良灌浆时光合速率来提高千粒重等产量指标的研究中加以利用。 相似文献
6.
Researches on the relationship between photosynthesis and wheat yield have equally attracted the attention of both domestic and overseas scholars. No report has existed so far on the study of the effects of exogenous chromosomes on photosynthesis using the substitution series as materials. In this research, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring-Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A.L(o)ve disomic substitution series were used as materials and flag leaves as the measuring position. And the CI-310 Portable Photosynthesis System made by CID Co. in USA was used to measure the net rate of photosynthesis of flag leaves in different developing stages and also to correlate photosynthesis with yield. Results showed that, out of the whole developing stages, at the anthesis stage the line of DS2Ee (2A) had the highest photosynthetic rate, therefore it could be used in improving process of the character of kernel number. The flag leaves of DS4Ee (4A, 4B, 4D) lines demonstrated certain high net photosynthetic rate from heading to grain filling stage, so it is valuable in the researh of promoting the yield index like 1000-grain weight through improvement of the photosynthetic rate at grain filling stage. 相似文献
7.
通过小麦与长穗偃麦草远缘杂交创制附加系、代换系及易位系是小麦遗传改良中利用长穗偃麦草优良基因的重要途径。本研究将长穗偃麦草特异分子标记、染色体计数、基因组原位杂交(GISH)及非变性原位杂交(ND-FISH)等多种方法相结合,对硬粒小麦Langdon(AABB)与小偃麦8801(AABBEE)的杂交后代群体进行分子细胞学鉴定,创制出硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草3E、6E染色体双体附加系Du-DA3E和Du-DA6E,硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草1E(1B)染色体双体代换系Du-DS1E(1B)以及硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草1AS-1EL染色体易位系Du-T1AS·1EL。创制的4个种质中长穗偃麦草染色体均能稳定遗传,这不仅增加了硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草附加系和代换系的类型,还为后续利用长穂偃麦草优良基因改良小麦提供了特殊种质资源。 相似文献
8.
采用培养眦室内培养方法,研究了4种多年生根茎型耐旱植物俄罗斯新麦草（Elymus junceus Fisch）、苇状羊茅（Festucaarundinacea Schreb）、羊草（Leymus chinensis Trin．Trzvel．）和高冰革（Agropygron elongatum Host Nevski）种子对不同浓度（0、25、50、75和100mmol·L^-1）Na2CO3胁迫及胁迫解除后种子发芽率和幼苗生长的响应。结果表明,4种牧草发芽率均在没有Na2CO3胁迫时最高,且以苇状羊茅最高达到96．8％,羊草最低73．1％;随着胁迫浓度的增加发芽率呈下降趋势,高冰草在100mmol·L^-1Na2CO3下发芽率仍达到14．9％,而其他3种牧草在此浓度下没有观察到萌发的种子。4种牧草的发芽速率均与Na2CO3浓度呈显著负相关,相同Na2CO3浓度下,4种牧草中苇状羊茅最高,羊草最低。Na2CO3胁迫对根长的抑制明显高于苗长,且对不同物种影响不同;75mmol·L^-1Na2CO3胁迫下,除了高冰草根长为3．4cm之外,其他3个物种根的伸长几乎完全被抑制。解除胁迫后,羊草种子发芽恢复最快,且发芽率与原Na：CO,浓度成正比;高冰草、俄罗斯新麦草和苇状羊茅几乎均为0。上述结果说明,4种牧草中,种子萌发期以高冰革耐Na2CO3能力最强,其次是俄罗斯新麦草和苇状羊茅,羊草种子最差;但当胁迫解除后,羊草种子具有较高的萌发恢复率,这也是其适应盐碱环境的一个重要原因. 相似文献
9.
基于SLAF-seq技术开发长穗偃麦草染色体特异分子标记 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
长穗偃麦草1E及7E染色体上带有重要的抗赤霉病基因, 开发大量相关染色体特异分子标记有助于准确定位抗性基因及获得可用于辅助育种紧密连锁的标记。基于SLAF-seq技术, 获得了368个长穗偃麦草1E染色体特异片段, 随机选取80个特异片段设计引物, 开发了20个长穗偃麦草1E染色体特异分子标记、2个长穗偃麦草基因组特异分子标记及26个其他特异分子标记, 效率达60%。用这些特异标记能稳定检测出不同小麦–长穗偃麦草衍生材料中的1E染色体或片段。通过标记与优良性状的共分离特性, 获得与相关基因紧密连锁的标记, 将为小麦抗性育种中的分子标记辅助选择提供依据。 相似文献
10.
本研究从长穗偃麦草与老芒麦中分离了63个α-醇溶蛋白基因的开放阅读框,并进行了序列分析,结果表明90％的基因中含有提前终止密码子或移码突变。与已经发表的α-醇溶蛋白基因序列比对发现,这些基因都编码相似的信号肽、重复区和C-末端,但在两个多聚谷氨酰氨区差异明显。依据重复区中前三个氨基酸序列分析,出现了GRV和RV两种新的亚基类型;在第一个多聚谷氨酰氨区出现了（Q）3AR（Q）5、（Q）2AR（Q）5、（Q）3A新类型。乳糜泻抗原分析显示,来自老芒麦的一个真基因EU016530中含有两种乳糜泻抗原（glia—α2和glia-α）,而来自长穗偃麦草的真基因中没有发现乳糜泻抗原的存在,仅有假基因EU018257含有乳糜泻抗原glia-α。进化分析表明,二倍体长穗偃麦草α-醇溶蛋白基因与十倍体的长穗偃麦草α-醇溶蛋白基因有较近的亲缘关系;而老芒麦的α-醇溶蛋白基因与其它小麦族的基因聚在一起。 相似文献