Strategies for applying selenium for biofortification of rice in tropical soils and their effect on element accumulation and distribution in grains     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the selenium (Se) application via soil (SeVI) and leaf (SeIV and SeVI) on agronomic attributes of rice and the spatial distribution of Se and other elements in biofortified rice grains. For this, a field trial was conducted using six Se rates (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 g ha⁻¹). Physiological evaluations in rice leaves, rice grain yield, and Se and other elements content were assessed. Spatial distributions of Se and other elements were visualized mapping the biofortified rice grains with μXRF. The results showed that the strategies and rates of Se applied to the plants were effective for producing Se-rich rice grains. Although Se application did not change the rice yield, it affected some enzyme activities, improving the antioxidant system of the plant. The spatial distribution of the different elements found in the biofortified rice grains varied substantially, with Se accumulations mainly in the endosperm, whereas P, K, Fe, and Zn accumulate in the embryo. Agronomic biofortification of rice with Se, via soil or leaf, is a promising strategy to be adopted in tropical soils in order to produce rice grains with adequate Se contents for human consumption.  相似文献   

品质不同的稻米胚乳细胞形态特征的扫描电镜观察   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

瞿波  徐运启 《华中农业大学学报》1991,10(4):404-408,T002

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甜玉米品质遗传改良研究进展     

李坤  李高科  肖颖妮  于永涛  李余良  谢利华  朱文广  胡建广 《广东农业科学》2020,47(11):70-77

甜玉米为具有果蔬和谷物特征的新型农作物，其营养丰富，适口性好，受到国内外消费者和科研人员的广泛关注。甜玉米含淀粉合成缺陷基因，糖类在胚乳中大量积累，是鲜食玉米主要类型之一。根据缺陷基因的不同，甜玉米可分为普甜玉米、超甜玉米和加强甜玉米等类型，不同类型间食味品质和营养品质差异较大。甜度、爽脆度、果皮厚度、风味等是甜玉米的主要食用品质特性，这些性状受微效多基因控制，其遗传研究及育种改良应用均面临很大挑战。目前，甜玉米品质相关的研究取得了一定进展，研究者对甜玉米食味品质（含糖量、果皮厚度等）和营养品质（维生素、矿物元素、蛋白含量等）的主要评价指标进行鉴定和分析，获得了大量研究成果，主要集中在表型变异、遗传力、QTL 位点、候选基因等层面。这些研究的开展为甜玉米营养改良提供了重要的理论和分子基础。对甜玉米品质相关（包括甜玉米形成的遗传基础、维生素 E、果皮厚度、锌含量、玉米黄质和蛋白质含量）的国内外研究进展进行综述，并探讨了甜玉米遗传改良的发展方向，为甜玉米品质改良和优质品种培育提供理论依据。  相似文献   

松树种子胚乳DNA的抽提与分析     

文亚峰  谭晓风 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,24(4):20-23

运用改良SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)法,从马尾松、黄山松、黑松等松树种子胚乳中提取到较高纯度的DNA,并对其纯度、浓度及产率进行了分析.经RAPD检测表明,DNA扩增效果良好,完全能满足常规DNA实验的要求,为针叶树种等其它小粒种子DNA的提取提供了经济、快速、可靠的实验方法.  相似文献   

Physicochemical Property Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Floury Endosperm Mutant flo7 in Rice     

FANG Peng fei  LI San feng  JIAO Gui ai  XIE Li hong  HU Pei song  WEI Xiang jin  TANG Shao qing 《中国水稻科学》2014,28(5):447

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OsESV1基因对水稻淀粉合成的影响     

王永祥  燕海刚  徐含聪  傅玉双  单壮壮  胡晓晴  张文伟  江玲 《中国水稻科学》2022,36(2):139-149

【目的】 研究水稻EARLY STARVATION1 (OsESV1)基因对水稻淀粉代谢的影响。【方法】 通过CRISPR-Cas9技术获得osesv1突变体,考查osesv1的表型及胚乳淀粉的理化特性,分析OsESV1的表达特性及相关功能。【结果】 OsESV1蛋白在植物界中十分保守。osesv1突变体株高、穗长、每穗粒数低于野生型,分蘖数显著多于野生型,叶片中淀粉含量显著下降,籽粒中的直链淀粉含量上升,而总淀粉含量无明显变化。OsESV1呈组成型表达,并且具有昼夜节律表达的特征。OsESV1蛋白定位在叶绿体内且呈点状分布。酵母双杂交和双分子荧光互补实验结果表明OsESV1蛋白可以与ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶小亚基(OsAGPS) 2a和OsAGPS1互作。【结论】 OsESV1基因影响水稻叶片的淀粉合成途径,而对胚乳淀粉合成的影响不明显。  相似文献   

1个新的玉米半透明皱缩胚乳突变体的遗传分析及基因定位     

崔喜艳  胡广宇  孙小杰  佟珊珊  陈众峰  刘相国 《华南农业大学学报》2014,35(5):31-35

【目的】解析半透明皱缩玉米胚乳形成机制.【方法】以纯合玉米突变体M-E-479为供试材料,通过对M-E-479籽粒进行表型鉴定、遗传分析、主要成分测定及扫描电镜观察,构建定位群体,利用图位克隆技术对突变基因进行遗传定位.【结果和结论】M-E-479突变体胚乳中脂肪含量增加,蛋白质和淀粉含量下降,淀粉粒的大小、形状、排列空间发生改变;用F2群体将突变基因定位在10号染色体SSR标记bnlg1074与umc1506之间,两标记的遗传距离约为3.6 cM,两标记的物理距离约为2.2 Mb.可见M-E-479是一个新的玉米半透明皱缩胚乳突变体,突变性状是由隐性单基因控制.  相似文献   

基于透射光和反射光图像同位分割的小麦品种识别方法研究     

闫宁  张晗  董宏图  康凯  罗斌 《浙江农业学报》2022,34(3):590-598

为提高基于机器视觉的小麦品种识别准确性,本文通过透射光和反射光同位图像分割对种子颜色特征参数进行了优化提取.采用透射光图像辅助反射光图像分割的方式从种子图像中分割出胚部区域,并分别提取小麦整粒、种胚、胚乳区域的颜色特征参数.以济麦22、济麦44、京麦9、京麦11共4个品种种子作为研究对象,利用HALCON机器视觉软件获...  相似文献   

Protein Phosphorylation and Protein Patterns in Developing Endosperms of Barley     

T. Yupsanis  P. R. Shewry 《Plant Breeding》1993,111(1):73-77

The SDS-soluble protein-fractions of barley endosperms (2 and 3 weeks after anthesis) were compared using 1-D SDS-PAGE and 2-D IEF/SDS-PAGE. Similar procedures have been followed after in vivo phosphorylation of isolated endosperm with ³²PO₄.Protein patterns were similar when 1-D SDS-PAGE was used. On the other hand, 2-D IEF/SDS-PAGE revealed several major differences, the most important being the appearance of a major protein of Mr about 40,000 in the 3-weeks old endosperm. By contrast, the patterns of phosphorylated proteins, with both methods, were relatively simple. Only two phosphorylated bands showed up in the 3-weeks old endosperm: a highly labelled band of Mr about 65,000, and a band of about 75,000. In the case of 2-weeks old endosperm, where the phosphorylation was more active, these and several others were also labelled, but the Mr 75,000 band was labelled more intensely.  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization of a multiploid mutant of durum wheat with rye and Triticum monococcum L. results in pentaploid hybrids     

D. L. Klindworth  N. D. Williams  R. A. McIntosh 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(3):213-216

The multiploid mutant of durum wheat is a genotype that produces unreduced gametes. Our objective was to test the recovery of pentaploid hybrids in crosses of the mutant with rye and Triticum monococcum L. Compared with check crosses, the mutant had a two‐third reduction in percent seed set for rye crosses, but had only a slight decrease in crossability with T. monococcum. Pentaploid hybrids were associated with plump seeds of the mutant/rye cross, and with shrivelled seeds of the mutant/T. monococcum cross. We suggest that the endosperm balance number hypothesis explains the association of pentaploid hybrids with endosperm type. This association made for easy recovery of pentaploid hybrids from crosses to both species. Mature, plump seeds from the mutant/rye cross were germinated and pentaploid hybrids were recovered. One pentaploid hybrid was recovered for every 50.5 and 15.1 florets pollinated with rye and T. monococcum, respectively. Unreduced gametes in the multiploid mutant will facilitate interspecific hybridization by reducing the time to produce pentaploid plants.  相似文献