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D. Bilalis P. Efthimiadis & G. Karagiannis 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,187(2):121-126
The effect of three herbicides, diclofop-methyl (DM), imazamethabenz-methyl (IM) and fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE), was investigated at the recommended rate (×) and double the recommended rate (2×) in a durum wheat crop. FE had the smallest effect on root system characteristics, while IM had the greatest effect. For all herbicides, the double rate treatment gave a greater statistical reduction than the single rate for root system characteristics. FE had the smallest effect on the activity of aerobic microorganisms, while DM gave the greatest reduction, 10 days after application, and all three herbicides reduced earthworm abundance. DM gave the smallest reduction in the number of tillers and in plant height, while the double rate of IM gave the greatest reduction. For all three herbicides, double the recommended rate resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of 1000 seeds, while no statistically significant deviations were noted at the recommended rate. Finally, the use of all three herbicides resulted in significantly lower statistical yields compared to the sample (control plot), although there were no significant statistical differences among them, for either recommended or double recommended rates. 相似文献
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P. N. P. Chow 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):447-450
Broad-spectrum weed control by use of imazamethabenz (AC 222 293) in herbicide combinations was investigated in the greenhouse. Imazamethabenz at rates ranging from 0·1 to 0·4 kg a.i./ha effectively controlled wild oats (Avena fatua L.). Additional control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was achieved when imazamethabenz, plus octoxynol surfactant, was applied in combination with MCPA (amine or ester) or commercial MCPA mixtures (bromoxynil/MCPA and cyanazine/MCPA). Only inclusion of propanil/MCPA in the combination reduced wild-oat control by imazamethabenz at the lower rate (0·1 kg/ha). Control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) was also obtained by use of fenoxaprop-ethyl in combination with imazamethabenz (plus octoxynol). Three-way mixtures of imazamethabenz (or plus octoxynol), MCPA alone or mixture, and fenoxaprop-ethyl may provide practical control of grass and broad-leaved weeds in the field. 相似文献
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采用室内试验方法，以中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪为试验材料，研究了一种混配除草剂中的两种有效成分氰氟草酯和精噁唑禾草灵对蝌蚪的急性毒性和联合毒性。结果表明，精噁唑禾草灵对蝌蚪的毒性大于氰氟草酯。氰氟草酯对蝌蚪24、48、96h的半致死浓度LC50分别为43.08、40.33和38.20mg·L^-1，精噁唑禾草灵对蝌蚪24、48和96h的LC50分别为8.17、7.40和6.85mg·L^-1。氰氟草酯和精噁唑禾草灵共存对蝌蚪24、48和96h联合毒性的相加指数AI分别为-0.39，-0.33，-0.30，均表现为拮抗作用。 相似文献
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Glutathione transferase (GST) activities toward the selective herbicide fenoxaprop-ethyl, together with thiol contents, have been compared in seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and two populations of black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) which are resistant to a range of herbicides (Peldon and Lincs E1), and a black-grass population which is susceptible to herbicides (Rothamsted). GST activities toward the non-cereal herbicides metolachlor and fluorodifen were also determined. On the basis of enzyme specific activity, GST activities toward fenoxaprop-ethyl in the leaves were in the order wheat>Peldon=Lincs E1>Rothamsted, while with fluorodifen and metolachlor the order was Peldon=Lincs E1>Rothamsted>wheat. Using an antibody raised to the major GST from wheat, which is composed of 25-kDa subunits, it was shown that the enhanced GST activities in both Peldon and Lincs E1 correlated with an increased expression of a 25-kDa polypeptide and the appearance of novel 27-kDa and 28-kDa polypeptides. Leaves of both wheat and black-grass contained glutathione and hydroxymethylglutathione, with the concentrations of glutathione being in the order Peldon>Lincs E1=Rothamsted=wheat. However, in glasshouse dose-response assays, the Lincs E1 population showed much greater resistance to fenoxaprop-ethyl than Peldon. We conclude that high GST activities and the availability of glutathione may contribute partially to the relative tolerance of black-grass to herbicides detoxified by glutathione conjugation. Although herbicide-resistant populations show enhanced GST expression, in the case of fenoxaprop-ethyl the associated increased detoxifying activities alone cannot explain the differences between populations in the degree of resistance seen at the whole plant level. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
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Mara Gennari Marco Vincenti Michle Ngre Roberto Ambrosoli 《Pest management science》1995,44(3):299-303
Fenoxaprop-ethyl was found to be metabolized by a mixed microbial population isolated from a leachate from a landfill. Fenoxaprop acid and 6-chloro-2(3H)-benzoxazolone were detected as metabolic products in the culture broths. It was shown that the microbial population could utilize fenoxapropethyl as a source of carbon and nitrogen, but the presence of an additional source of carbon increased the metabolism rate. 相似文献
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