淡紫拟青霉发酵滤液对大豆胞囊线虫趋化性的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

孙漫红  刘杏忠 《植物病理学报》2004,34(4):376-379

 实验室条件下,研究了大豆胞囊线虫幼虫对大豆根和根浸出液的趋化性以及淡紫拟青霉代谢产物对其趋化性的影响。结果表明,大豆胞囊线虫二龄幼虫(J₂)对大豆根存在着一定的趋化性,而淡紫拟青霉发酵滤液对J₂存在明显的驱避性。在根浸出液、真菌滤液及其混合液剂处理下,大豆胞囊线虫J₂在WA平板上靠近处理液的0~1cm区间中分布率存在极显著差异(P <0.0 1),而加样时间(液剂与线虫同时放置或提前2 4h处理)对其分布率没有显著影响。大豆幼根蘸取滤液后对线虫J₂在该区间的分布与不经处理的幼根差异显著(P <0.0 5),证明淡紫拟青霉发酵滤液可以明显地降低线虫与大豆根的亲和力,并强烈抑制线虫对大豆根的侵染。  相似文献   

一株Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其抑菌特性     

王恒煦  徐伟慧  杨友财  王志刚  刘泽平  王可昕 《浙江农业学报》2019,31(10):1671

为筛选西瓜枯萎病拮抗菌株并探究其抑菌特性,以齐齐哈尔市青昕蔬菜基地根际土为材料,采用平板对峙法筛选到1株能高效抑制西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum,Fon)的拮抗菌株,通过形态特征、16S rDNA、gyrA和gyrB序列分析鉴定其菌种;通过盆栽试验验证拮抗菌株对西瓜枯萎病的抑制作用;采用生长速率法研究拮抗菌株不同生长时期的无菌发酵滤液及其不同贮存条件下的抑菌能力;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)观察并分析无菌发酵滤液对Fon孢子形态和膜完整性的影响。结果表明,拮抗菌株WD为Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,能有效抑制西瓜枯萎病的发生,抑制率达到57.57%,其无菌发酵滤液在衰亡期有较高的抑菌能力,对Fon菌丝生长抑制率为54.32%;无菌发酵滤液对温度、pH具有较高的耐受性,30 ℃、pH 7时抑菌活性最强,抑菌率可达58.36%;在4 ℃贮存至少45 d,且紫外光照120 min内对其抑菌活性没有影响;Fon孢子暴露在WD无菌发酵滤液下,孢子表面皱缩凹陷,膜完整性被破坏。综上所述,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WD是1株高效的拮抗菌株,为西瓜枯萎病生防菌剂的研发与利用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株X5强化的生物有机肥能有效控制根结线虫(Meloidogyne sp.)     

XIAO Tong-Jian  CHEN Fang  GAO Chao  ZHAO Qing-Yun  SHEN Qi-Rong  RAN Wei 《土壤圈》2013,23(2):160-168

The efficacy of Bacillus cereus X5 as a potential biological control agent against root-knot nematodes was evaluated in vitro by examining second-stage juvenile mortality and egg hatching rate under addition of culture filtrate and in planta by application of bio-organic fertilizers enhanced with B. cereus X5, B. thuringiensis BTG, or Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 alone or together in greenhouse and field experiments. The biofumigation of the root-knot nematode-infested soil with organic materials (chicken manure, pig manure and rice straw) alone or in combination with B. cereus X5 was also conducted in greenhouse experiments. In laboratory, the filtrate of B. cereus X5 more effectively reduced egg hatching rates during the incubation period for 14 d and more effectively killed the second-stage juvenile during the incubation period of 24 h than that of B. thuringiensis BTG. The highest dry shoot weights for greenhouse tomatoes and field muskmelons were found in both the treatment consisting of the bio-organic fertilizer enhanced with the three biocontrol agents and the treatment consisting of the bio-organic fertilizer enhanced only with B. cereus X5. The two bio-organic fertilizers achieved better nematicidal effects than those enhanced only with B. thuringiensis BTG or T. harzianum SQR-T037. B. cereus X5 also enhanced effect of biofumigation, which resulted in increased plant biomass and reduced nematode counts in the roots and rhizosphere soil. Therefore, these results suggested that biological control of root-knot nematodes both in greenhouses and fields could be effectively achieved by using B. cereus X5 and agricultural wastes.  相似文献   

黑曲霉发酵滤液杀食用菌线虫活性初探     

黄福常  覃培升  韦春月 《广西农业生物科学》2008,27(4):439-444

对灭菌的黑曲霉发酵滤液杀线虫作用进行了研究,找到经济有效的发酵滤液培养基为豆芽汁培养基。不同浓度、不同pH值的发酵滤液均能影响其杀线效果。pH为3．0的发酵滤液原液,杀线作用及抑制线虫虫卵孵化均达100％;当pH调为5．0时,杀线校正死亡率仍达73．90％;pH5．5时,杀线校正死亡率下降到8．15％。发酵滤液原液稀释到4倍液时,杀线校正死亡率仍达60．47％;稀释6倍液时下降至25．92％。在蘑菇栽培的防治线虫试验中,蘑菇栽培料添加发酵滤液后能减少线虫的数量,同时还具有促进菌丝生长的作用;仅加发酵滤液处理比未加发酵滤液及线虫处理的生物转化率提高76．30％,加发酵滤液及线虫处理比仅加线虫处理的则提高81．41％。  相似文献   

15种植物病原真菌培养滤液除草活性初步筛选          下载免费PDF全文

白莹莹  ;魏松红;刘大旻;尹晓东;刘冰;何志勇 《植物保护》2007,33(4):77-80

通过15种植物病原真菌的培养滤液对草坪杂草稗草、反枝苋、蒲公英、车前、苘麻进行种子萌发抑制试验,对其除草活性进行了初步研究。结果表明:玉米小斑病菌、黄瓜黑星病菌的培养滤液对稗草、蒲公英、车前都表现出显著的除草活性;玉米大斑病菌的培养滤液仅对稗草和蒲公英表现显著的除草活性;烟草赤星病菌的培养滤液仅对车前和苘麻表现了显著的除草活性。安全试验表明:烟草赤星病菌的培养滤液对黑麦草和早熟禾种子的萌发、芽和根的生长表现安全;黄瓜黑星病菌的培养滤液仅对黑麦草种子的萌发、芽和根的生长表现安全。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Dutch elm disease susceptibility and pathogenicity of Ophiostoma ulmi using micropropagated elm shoots     

N. Dorion  C. Bigot  P. Neumann 《Forest Pathology》1994,24(2):112-122

Elm (Ulmus sp.) shoots from in vitro micropropagated plants were tested with Ophiostoma ulmi culture filtrates, at different dilutions to determine the susceptibility of different host clones to Dutch elm disease (DED). ‘Commelin’, a susceptible Dutch hybrid, showed a high wilting index but that of American elm was higher. Although U. pumila × japonica (Sapporo gold 2) was the most tolerant to spore inoculation, its wilting index was as high as that of ‘Commelin’. The absorption capacity and wilting index of the elm shoots showed consistent correlation to isolate effectiveness (as determined by inoculation experiments), to production of toxin (cerato-ulmin) and to filtrate dilution. This method could be used to assess the effectiveness of the different O. ulmi isolates and for the detection of elm genotypes that are highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease.  相似文献   

Potential of a Fusarium eumartii culture filtrate on the screening for wilting resistance in potato     

Grisela L. Botta  María P. Dimarco  Alicia L. Melegari  Marcelo A. Huarte  Carlos A. Barassi 《Euphytica》1994,80(1-2):63-69

Summary Fusarium solani f.sp. eumartii Carp. Snyder and Hansen (Fusarium eumartii) is a soil inhabitant that induces the so-called Potato Wilt and Stem End Rot disease. Prior to wilting, the pathogen induces peculiar small bronze spots on the leaflets. Failure to isolate F. eumartii from infected leaflets suggests the involvement of a toxin in the disease. The fungus was grown in liquid Richard's medium and thereafter a filtrate was obtained dialyzing (MW cutoff 12,000–14,000) and sterilizing the culture by filtration (0.22 m). Potato leaves treated with both the pathogen or the filtrate showed symptoms of bronze spots and significantly higher electrolyte leakage when compared to controls. Tomato leaves showed neither bronze spots nor electrolyte leakage after plant inoculation with the pathogen or with the filtrate treatment. Both, the absence of visible symptoms and the lack of electrolyte leakage in tomato could be associated to a certain degree of host specificity of the F. eumartii filtrate towards potato. The filtrate also induced symptoms similar to infections by F. eumartii in adult plants and in vitro plantlets of cultivars Huinkul MAG and Kennebec. Callus responses to the filtrate were related to responses of the cultivars to the pathogen in greenhouse. These results show the potential of the culture filtrate of F. eumartii for use in screening for wilting resistance.  相似文献   

木质纤维素基质上白腐菌Lentinula edodes与五种霉菌的胞外羟自由基清除能力比较研究     

张晓煜  黄慧艳 《农业科学与技术》2006,7(4):10-14

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基于马氏距离的荔枝图像分割设计方法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

宋淑然  洪添胜  王卫星  李震 《沈阳农业大学学报》2005,36(6):655-658

在基于颜色特征和聚类的马氏距离算法基础上，利用MATLAB软件设计了人机交互式可视化计算机图像分割程序。运用该程序，对荔枝照片进行了图像分割，分离出复杂背景下的荔枝果实图像。结果表明：该程序能较好地解决复杂彩图中目标图像的分割问题，可以消除因不慎而修改源代码的风险；通过数据分析器和滤波器能准确的对采样数据进行判断以及对含噪声的目标图像作进一步处理。  相似文献   

灰葡萄孢BC4菌株培养滤液对小麦、玉米和棉花的安全性          下载免费PDF全文

彭文文  王惠  张建 《西北农业学报》2005,14(2):108-111

以培养滤液对种子幼根幼芽生长的抑制率为指标,测定培养滤液对小麦、玉米、棉花种子发芽的安全性;以叶面喷施后测定幼苗高度抑制率的方法,探讨培养滤液对作物幼苗生长的安全性;以收获作物的株高、颗粒数、千粒重及穗重等为指标,测定培养滤液对小麦、玉米产量的影响。结果表明,稀释20倍的培养滤液对小麦和玉米种子萌发均有抑制作用,但对幼苗生长几乎无影响;将培养滤液浓缩12倍,在小麦和玉米一芯一叶期叶面喷施,收获前小麦和玉米的结穗大小和籽粒饱满程度与对照没有明显差异。表明灰葡萄孢发酵也可以作为小麦和玉米的苗后除草剂开发利用。  相似文献