咖啡黑小蠹的发生规律及药剂防治研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林延谋  章创鹏 《热带作物学报》1994,15(2):79-86

咖啡黑小蠢是近年在兴隆华侨农场严重危害中粒种咖啡的重要害虫。据1989年对4—5年生咖啡树调查,植株受害率100％,枝条受害率29.7—82.5％,虫害枯枝率7.65—17.8％。该虫以雌成虫钻蛀咖啡枝条为害,幼虫和成虫取食蛀道壁上的真菌菌丝。田间种群数量通常在3月上旬开始剧增,3月中下旬为高峰期,7月至10月田间虫口极少,11月以后逐渐有虫口及虫枯枝出现。温度是影响虫口波动的主要因素。2.5％溴氰菊酶、25％杀虫双、40％乐菊酯各兑水1000倍对成虫直接触杀效果显著,死亡率均为100％。48％乐斯本、40％氧化乐果400—800倍液等12种杀虫剂田间喷雾对咖啡枝条蛀洞内的成虫、蛹、幼虫防效均不明显。  相似文献   

隐耳漠虎（Alsophylax　pipiens）的生物学资料     

A Haiti  Zhai Yunxian  Wang Guoying 《新疆农业大学学报》1994,(3)

本文根据１９８６年４～８月在乌鲁木齐雅玛里克山（９０余号）及校园内捕获的（１８只）Ａｌｓｏｐｈｙｌａｘｐｉｐｉｅｎｓ，观察得知其产卵在５～６月，每次产卵一枚，卵壳系钙质，性成熟在出生后第三年。瞳孔圆形，强光下呈垂直线状。动食性，卞要以昆虫、蜘蛛及蝎子为食。  相似文献   

Scale of heterogeneity of forage production and winter foraging by elk and bison     

L. L. Wallace  M. G. Turner  W. H. Romme  R. V. O'Neill  Yegang Wu 《Landscape Ecology》1995,10(2):75-83

The relationship between fine-scale spatial patterns of forage abundance and the feeding patterns of large ungulates is not well known. We compared these patterns for areas grazed in winter by elk and bison in a sagebrush-grassland landscape in northern Yellowstone National Park. At a fine scale, the spatial distribution of mapped feeding stations in 30 m × 30 m sites was found to be random where there were no large patches devoid of vegetation. In areas similar to the mapped sites, the underlying spatial distribution pattern of biomass was also determined to be random. At a broad scale, forage biomass differed among communities across the northern range but forage quality did not. These results suggest that ungulates are feeding randomly within forage patches (fine scale) but may select feeding sites based upon forage abundance at broader, landscape scales. Contrary to what has been suggested in other systems, ungulates were not overmatching at finer scales.  相似文献   

桃树不同生长型及其研究进展   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

牛良  王志强  刘淑娥  宋银花  宗学普 《果树学报》2004,21(4):354-359

生长型是桃树重要的树体特征,是控制树体大小的遗传因素,与栽培关系密切。综合有关文献介绍了桃树的紧凑型、半矮化型、矮化型、柱型、直立型、短枝型、垂枝型等生长型资源及不同生长型在遗传、形态特征、生理、栽培等方面的研究进展。紧凑型受单位点显性基因控制,树体开张,分枝角度大,萌芽率及成枝力均高,光透过率较低;半矮化型树体介于普通型和紧凑型之间;矮化型为单基因隐性性状,节间极短,树体矮小,叶片密度大,光透过率低;柱型枝条分枝角度小,冠幅小,叶面积指数大;直立型介于柱型和普通型之间;短枝型能形成较多的短果枝,并以短果枝结果为主;垂枝型枝条披散下垂,枝条弯曲。不同生长型之间在氮素、干物质分配和内源激素水平上也存在一定的差异。紧凑型、矮化型由于树冠密度大,光透过率低而在应用上受到限制,直立型和柱型因适应了高密度栽培而更受人们的重视。针对目前存在的生长型分类与命名问题,作者认为应首先考虑节间长度,其次为萌芽率、成枝力等,然后考虑的是枝条的分枝角度。  相似文献   

菱传粉生物学研究     

李双梅  柯卫东  彭静  黄新芳  李明华 《中国蔬菜》2019,1(8):54-58

以6 个菱品种为试材，对花器形态特征、群体花期及单花开花动态、开花时间、柱头可授性、花粉活力、杂交指数 及传粉形式等进行观察测定。结果表明：菱花单生，两性，单花花期15 h，群体花期在5～10 月，盛花期在7～8 月；不同 品种在一天中的开花高峰期存在差异；柱头可授期主要在萼片开裂后2 h 内，结实率在50% 以上；花粉在自然授粉条件下活 力可保持7.5 h；以自花授粉为主，同时存在一定程度的无融合生殖和少量异花授粉。  相似文献   

滇中蛹虫草居群生物学及其生态学习性研究     

杨钟林  虞泓  陈自宏  王元兵 《中国食用菌》2011,30(5):43-47

通过对滇中地区昆明西山、昆明野鸭湖、嵩明大哨和楚雄紫溪山分布的蛹虫草居群，进行调查和采样，调查分析了蛹虫草的生境，比较研究了蛹虫草不同居群有性型及无性型形态差异，对蛹虫草无性型的产孢结构进行光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察研究。研究发现，蛹虫草子囊壳着生方式及其大小、子囊大小、无性型，随生境不同而发生差异。在云南松常绿阔叶混交林下的子囊壳及子囊较大，分离得到的无性型以拟青霉型（Paecilomyces－type）产孢结构占优势；在华山松林和田埂草丛生境中的子囊壳及其子囊较小，分离得到的无性型以轮枝孢型（Verticillium－type）产孢结构占优势。  相似文献   

Association between porpoise presence and fish choruses: implications for feeding strategies and ecosystem-based conservation of the East Asian finless porpoise     

Zhaolong CHENG  Yongtao LI  Matthew Keith PINE  Tao ZUO  Mingxiang NIU  Jun WANG 《Integrative zoology》2023,18(1):169-182

The associations between feeding activities and environmental variables inform animal feeding tactics that maximize energetic gains by minimizing energy costs while maximizing feeding success. Relevant studies in aquatic animals, particularly marine mammals, are scarce due to difficulties in the observation of feeding behaviors in aquatic environments. This data scarcity concurrently hinders ecosystem-based fishery management in the context of small toothed-cetacean conservation. In the present study, a passive acoustic monitoring station was deployed in an East Asian finless porpoise habitat in Laizhou Bay to investigate potential relationships between East Asian finless porpoises and their prey. The data revealed that porpoises were acoustically present nearly every day during the survey period. Porpoise detection rates differed between spring and autumn in concert with activities of fish choruses. During spring, fish choruses were present throughout the afternoon, and this was the time when porpoise vocalizations were the most frequently detected. During autumn, when fish choruses were absent, porpoise detection rates decreased, and diurnal patterns were not detected. The close association between fish choruses and finless porpoise activities implies an “eavesdropping” feeding strategy to maximize energetic gains, similar to other toothed cetaceans that are known to engage similar feeding strategies. Underwater noise pollution, particularly those masking fish choruses, could interrupt finless porpoises’ feeding success. Fisheries competing soniferous fishes with finless porpoise could impact finless porpoise viability through ecosystem disruption, in addition to fishing gear entanglement.  相似文献   

山西芦芽山自然保护区四声杜鹃的生态习性观察     

王建萍 《野生动物》2012,33(4):184-186

2009～2011年5～8月,在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对四声杜鹃的生态习性进行了观察。结果表明,四声杜鹃在本区为夏候鸟,最早5月上旬迁来,最晚8月下旬迁走,居留期为99～111 d。迁来后,该鸟在本区主要在低山疏林地带和村庄附近活动,活动较为敏锐和隐蔽,常能听到叫声,但很少暴露在人前。四声杜鹃在本区的种群密度6、7月最大,每公里遇见数分别为1.17只和1.25只;在8月种群密度最小,每公里遇见数0.47只,种群密度平均为0.89只/km。该鸟为卵寄生性繁殖,自己不营巢,本区发现雌鸟把卵产在山噪鹛的繁殖窝里,让山噪鹛代其孵化和育雏,本窝寄生卵2枚,卵重3.3 g和3.5 g,卵大小为22×17 mm～23×18 mm。卵经山噪鹛义鸟孵化18 d后出壳,雏鸟仍由山噪鹛喂育14 d后离巢。四声杜鹃主要以昆虫为食,昆虫食物量占总食物量的95.5%,其中松毛虫所占比例最大,占昆虫食物重量的24.1%。该鸟为重要的农林益鸟,应予以保护。  相似文献   

Simulation study of the competitive ability of erect, semi-erect and prostrate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

G WANG  ME MCGIFFEN JR  JL LINDQUIST†  JD EHLERS  & I SARTORATO‡ 《Weed Research》2007,47(2):129-139

Ecophysiological simulation models provide a quantitative method to predict the effects of management practices, plant characteristics and environmental factors on crop and weed growth and competition. The INTERCOM interplant competition model was parameterised, calibrated by monoculture data for three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes that differed in growth habit, common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and used to simulate competition of cowpea cover crops with sunflower or purslane. The simulation results were compared with observations from field competition experiments in 2003 and 2004. INTERCOM more accurately simulated actual field data for the competition of cowpea genotypes and sunflower than companion field experiments for the competition of cowpea and purslane. The validated simulation model of cowpea and sunflower at two densities was used to study the effects of cowpea growth habit on final biomass production of cowpea and sunflower. The model suggested that erect growth habit was more competitive than semi‐erect and prostrate growth habit, when cowpea genotypes were grown with sunflower. Cowpea leaf area distribution was important to higher cowpea biomass production, while cowpea height growth was important to reduce sunflower biomass. Our simulation approach is suggested as a method for crop breeders to gauge the likely success of selection for competitive crops before undertaking expensive long‐term breeding experiments.  相似文献   

轮纹异痂蝗生物学特性初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

安瑞军  梁怀宇  冯一凡 《植物保护》2007,33(4):57-59

研究结果表明:轮纹异痂蝗在通辽1年发生1代,以卵在土中越冬。越冬卵于翌年5月上中旬孵化,蝗蝻共4龄,全蝻期26～32 d,6月上、中旬为羽化盛期。7月上、中旬为产卵盛期,卵产在土中深4～6 cm处。成虫可活到9月中旬。轮纹异痂蝗喜食菊科和百合科等幼嫩多汁的植物,食量为每头每日食鲜草1.05 g,每666.7 m²可损失鲜草10.25～12.75 kg。  相似文献