Estimating Combining Ability of 4x-2x Crosses in Cultivated Potatoes     

Tian Xingya  Lu Wenhe  Ouyang Guangpi  Chen Yili  Wang Fengyi 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》1996,(2)

Progenies derived from crosses between Solarium tuberosum and 2n pollen-Producing diploid hybrids, exhibit obvious hybrid vigor. The 2n pollen-producing clone can act as a bridge in crossing S. tuberosum and S. andigena with S. phureja. Populations from 4x-2x crosses show more unifomity and less segregation compared with that of 4x-4x crosses. The parent-offspring correlation for the traits, starch content and tuber number, is significant at 0.01 level. The regrssion equations are Y (mp-F1)=1.0 1.2x and Y (mp - F1) = 5.3 0.8x, respectively. The 2n pollen-producing clones play an impotant role in increasing tuber stach content. Estimates of the combining ability for the main yield components indicate that additive effect prodominatcs for such trais as plot yield, tuber weight per plant and starch content, whereas both additive and non-additive effects lay equal stress on mean tuber weight and non-additive effect is important for tuber number. In general, non-additive effect appears to be important in  相似文献   

桑树雄性配子人工二倍化培育优良三倍体的研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

杨今后  杨新华 《蚕业科学》2001,27(3):177-180

在桑雄花初蕾的花粉单核期 ,用 2mg/LBA(6 -苄基嘌呤 )配制的 0 0 5 %～ 0 1%的秋水仙碱溶液 ,处理雄花序 7～ 8d ,诱导雄性配子二倍化 ,然后与正常的二倍体配子雌花杂交 ,其杂种苗木中三倍体植株的发生率约为10 %。用此技术初步培育出具有高产、优质、抗病、适于条桑收获等特性的人工三倍体品系浙 885 8。  相似文献   

Discriminating styles (DS) and pollen-mediated pseudo-self compatibility (PMPSC) in Petunia hybrida hort     

Dana  Michael N.  Ascher  Peter D. 《Euphytica》1985,34(2):237-244

Summary Discriminating styles (DS) in Petunia hybrida discriminate among incompatible pollen sources with pollen-mediated pseudo-self compatibility (PMPSC) similarly to those in Nemesia strumosa. Both species exhibit a single-locus gametophytic self-incompatibility system. Correlation of PMPSC to PSC level of the male was not universal and DS/PMPSC operated in heterozygous S genotypes. PSC levels of progenies generated from compatible or incompatible bud pollination were not significantly different from those of open-flower pollination of a DS plant with a given male, suggesting that DS did not select among male gametophytes for increased PSC.Scientific Journal Series Paper Number 13,077 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.  相似文献   

2n Gamete formation in the genus Brachiaria (Poaceae: Paniceae)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Patrícia Helena Gallo  Pamela Lonardoni Micheletti  Kellen Regina Boldrini  Claudicéia Risso-Pascotto  Maria Suely Pagliarini  Cacilda Borges do Valle 《Euphytica》2007,154(1-2):255-260

Microsporogenesis of several Brachiaria species of the Brazilian collection at Embrapa Beef Cattle has been analyzed in detail. This paper reports abnormal cytokinesis in three accessions of three different species (Brachiaria humidicola, 2n = 4x = 36, Brachiaria decumbens, 2n = 4x = 36, and Brachiaria dura, 2n = 6x = 54). Chromosomes paired in bi-, tri-, and quadrivalents in these accessions, whereas chromosome segregation at meiosis I was characterized by exclusion of laggards as micronuclei. In a high number of meiocytes, the first sign of cytokinesis appeared only in metaphase II and did not divide the meiocyte into a dyad. Total absence of cytokinesis was also detected among meiocytes in the second division. Since in both cases the two metaphase plates were very close, they favored the rejoining of chromosome sets after anaphase II and formed a restitutional nucleus in telophase II. Second cytokinesis occurred after telophase II in most meiocytes. Monads, dyads, and triads with n or 2n nuclei were observed among meiotic products. The 2n gametes observed correspond to the first division restitution (FDR). The number of affected cells in each accession was variable, but the number of microspores with restitutional nucleus, including those scored in tetrads and the released ones, did not exceed 9%. Although polyploidy is common in the genus Brachiaria, its origin is still unclear. Current results suggest that 2n gametes may have contributed to the evolutionary history of the genus.  相似文献   

A gamete abortion locus detected by segregation distortion of isozyme locus Est-9 in wide crosses of rice (Oryza sativa L.)   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

S. Y. Lin  H. Ikehashi 《Euphytica》1993,67(1-2):35-40

Summary A locus for male gamete abortion in hybrids for Japonica and Indica rice was identified with the aid of marker genes Rc and Est-9 on chromosome 7. In an Indica-Japonica cross, AKAMAI 1/IR50, the Indica allele Est-9 ² was transmitted via the male gamete with a ratio of 0.29 instead of the normal 0.5, whereas no segregation distortion was observed for the Rc locus. The recombination value (p) for Est-9 and Rc was estimated to be 0.38 by a least square method after adjusting Mendelian segregation ratios with the male transmission ratios of 0.29 (Tr) for Est-9 ² and 0.71 (1-Tr) for Est-9 ¹. The recombination value (q) for the new locus for male gamete abortion, ga-11, and Est-9 was estimated to be 0.23 by using 56 F₃ lines from F₂ plants which were heterozygous for the Est-9 locus. No linkage for Rc and ga-11 was found. Therefore, the two markers and ga-11 were located in the order of ga-11-Est-9-Rc. Using the estimated recombination value (q), the male transmission rate (k) of ga-11 ^a was estimated to be 0.11 with the F₂ data and-0.07 with the F₃ line data. Thus, it was apparent that male gametes possessing ga-11 ^a were frequently aborted in the Indica-Japonica hybrid.  相似文献   

The implications of 2n egg gametes in nobilization and breeding of sugarcane     

Shripad R. Bhat  S. S. Gill 《Euphytica》1985,34(2):377-384

Summary Nobilization in sugarcane is viewed from a genetic angle considering the significance of 2n gametes. The inbreeding coefficients resulting from 2n gametes, for first and second nobilizations are worked out. The implication of 2n gametes to sugarcane breeding are discussed.  相似文献   

一个水稻雄配子不育基因MGA1(t)的遗传及表达特征分析     

陈睿  李清贤  于法科  杨绍华  刘华清  周淑芬  王锋 《分子植物育种》2011,9(6):656-664

在水稻转基因材料后代中筛选到一个自交后代标记基因呈1:1异常分离的雄配子不育突变体(暂命名为Male gametophyte abortion1,mga1(t))。该突变体花粉约50%败育,花粉败育表型与T-DNA共分离,且只能通过雌配子传递,表明mga1(t)是一个T-DNA插入引起的雄配子败育突变体。Southern blot分析表明,mga1(t)为单拷贝T-DNA插入突变体。侧翼序列分析发现T-DNA插入在水稻3号染色体上一个Bax inhibitor(BI)-1 like家族蛋白基因的5’非翻译区,该基因可能与细胞程序性死亡有关。RT-PCR表达分析显示MGA1(t)基因在水稻不同生长发育期均有表达,尤其在长度发育为0～7mm的颖花中强表达,表明该基因是一个水稻雄配子优势表达基因。  相似文献   

东方百合四倍体及2 n雌配子杂种后代RAPD分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑思乡  吴福川  向仕华  章海龙  张力  黄静 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,27(4):515-517

对组培条件下秋水仙素诱变的东方百合四倍体及2 n雌配子杂种后代进行了RAPD分析.结果表明：东方百合四倍体诱导过程中,少数植株除了染色体数目加倍以外,还存在DNA序列的改变;2 n雌配子杂种后代RAPD分析表现出丰富的遗传多样性,少数植株RAPD分析差异巨大,特别是T8无性后代存在较大的性状差异,个别植株经RAPD分析与其他单株存在较大的差异.  相似文献   

Cytological Studies on Unreduced Gamete Formation of Strawberries (Fragaria)     

SHI Cui-ping  GE Hui-bo  ZHANG Cheng-he  GUO Zhen-huai 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2002,1(11):1256-1259

A diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca L. ) which can naturally produce unreduced gametes (2n pollen) and doubled-unreduced gametes (4n pollen) was used to study the cytological mechanism of 2n and 4n gamete formation. The result showed that the formation of 2n gamete was mainly due to the abnormal orientation of spindles at metaphase Ⅱ. The normal orientation of two spindles at metaphase Ⅱ was perpendicular to each other, which led to tetrad formation at the end of meiosis. Two kinds of abnormal orientation of metaphase Ⅱ spindles, i.e. parallel spindles and triangle spindles, were observed. Of the parallel spindles, the 4group chromosomes were distributed to 2 poles and formed a dyad which formed two 2n pollen grains furtheriy. Of the triangle spindles, the 4 group chromosomes were distributed to 3 poles and formed a triad which formed one 2n pollen grain and two n pollen grains. In addition, a few very big pollen grains (4n pollen)which probably due to the fusion of the tetrad were found.  相似文献   

红鲫(♀)×鲤(♂)杂交鱼的胚胎染色体组倍性研究     

张纯  刘少军  李涛  刘筠 《水产学报》2011,35(9):1369-1373

红鲫属于鲤科、鲤亚科、鲫属,染色体数目为2n=100,核型为22m+34sm+22st+22t;鲤属于鲤科、鲤亚科、鲤属,染色体数目为2n=100,核型为22m+34sm+22st+22t。已有研究表明,红鲫(♀)×鲤(♂)杂交第一代(F₁)和第二代(F₂)为二倍体,F₂能产生染色体数不减数的配子,在第三代(F₃)中形成四倍体鱼。通对F₁和F₃进行胚胎染色体制片,在染色体水平上探讨红鲫和鲤远缘杂交的多倍体发生途径及F₂产生不减数配子的潜能。结果表明,F₁混合胚胎都为二倍性胚胎,没有发现单倍性和多倍性胚胎,但F₃混合胚胎中则有染色体数为100,150,200甚至300的染色体分裂相,推测F₂生殖细胞发生了一次或多次染色体数加倍,产生了二倍性和更高倍性的配子,它们结合形成了不同倍性的F₃胚胎。实验证明双亲基因组大小及核型相似的鲫鲤远缘杂交第一代不发生多倍化,但获得的二倍体杂交后代能产生不减数配子,在F₃中产生多倍体鱼。  相似文献