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1.
Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: Consequences to the breeding avifauna 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
We studied the vegetational and avifaunistic changes following rural depopulation in an area covering 2,600 ha north of Montpellier
(Southern France). The study area is covered by a mosaic of Mediterranean habitats that includes cultivation, grasslands,
shrublands, and woodlands and is representative of the natural features present and of the human usage practiced so far in
this part of the Mediterranean.
We sampled the vegetation and the bird fauna in the same 193 census plots in 1978 and in 1992. At both the habitat and landscape
scales the cover of woody plants increased significantly. Open habitats tend to disappear. As a consequence the abundance
of open-habitat bird species decreased significantly whereas the abundance of forest birds increased significantly. These
changes favor a pool of forest species widespread in western Europe and reduce habitat availability for open habitat and shrubland
species. Many of the latter are Mediterranean species whose distribution in Western Europe could become reduced under current
landscape dynamics. Our observation of more woodlands and their typical birds and of less open habitats and their associated
avifauna is not consistent with the traditional worry shown by the public and the managers about the regression of forests
and woodlands in the Northern Mediterranean as a consequence of fire. 相似文献
2.
以辽宁省某尾矿库为例,基于GIS技术,利用2010年的TM遥感影像及地形图,预测该尾矿库扩容后的生态影响。分析结果显示:尾矿库扩容工程对生态的影响主要体现在土地利用、植被、生态景观和地形地貌的变化4个方面。 相似文献
3.
4.
Spatial load forecasting is a process distributing the total forecasted load to all partitioned area, and involving more spatial information and more factor influencing application of the future small area, which need a great deal of memory space and longer operation time. Rough set is new method of data analysis. It need not be provided with any advanced information except data set. But attribute reduct is its main algorithms. Division matrix approach on rough set used to reduce the attribute related to land - use decision in order to remove redundancy attribute and then the rules of small area land - use decision is distilled. The method obtained better effect and enhanced the total load forecasting efficiency. 相似文献
5.
Based on land-use database updated with the survey of 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008, this paper analyzed the land-use changes in the typical transect area along National Highway 106 with the aid of GIS technology and quantitative models. The results showed that arable land had been continuously decreased from 1996 to 2008, with a loss of 65.85× 10^3 hm2 and an average decrement of 5.49×10^3 hm^2 per year, and the loss in northern areas was larger; garden land and woodland were gradually centralized to the predominance area with an increment of 25.73×10^3 hm2 and 22.37×10^3 hm2, respectively; residential and industrial land increased year after year, and the transportation land showed the equalized developing spatial pattern; the increment of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the national macroscopic land-use policies, the rapid advance of urbanization and the development level of the regional economy. Through this case study, it is suggested that differential land- use policies should be adopted to create good environmental conditions to guarantee food security and to promote the economic development. 相似文献
6.
北京市永定河沙地不同土地利用类型风蚀规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取北京市永定河沙地4种不同土地利用类型(耕地、林地、荒草地、河滩地)作为试验地,对不同下垫面的起沙风速、下垫粗糙度、输沙量、风沙流结构、土壤机械组成、土壤风蚀量进行研究。结果表明:1)不同利用类型起沙风速及粗糙度大小顺序为:林地>荒草地>耕地>稀疏荒草地>河滩地;2)不同下垫面在相同风速时的输沙量明显不同,近地面0～20cm随高度增加输沙率逐渐减少,不同下垫面的风沙流结构垂直分布明显不同;3)河滩地和稀疏荒草地的机械组成主要以细沙为主;耕地、林地、荒草地主要由细沙、极细沙以及粉沙组成。4)不同利用类型在相同时间内风蚀量与风积量不同;5)建议对区域风沙治理主要从两个方面进行:提高未利用地的植被覆盖度;改变农业耕作技术措施。 相似文献
7.
亚热带天然林转变为毛竹林和茶园对土壤胞外酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示我国亚热带地区天然林转变为毛竹林和茶园后土壤胞外酶活性（Extracellular enzyme activities,EEAs）的变异特征及关键驱动因子,以浙江省安吉县的天然林土壤及天然林转变的粗放经营毛竹林和集约经营茶园土壤为研究对象,测定了土壤EEAs及若干环境因子参数,通过冗余分析等分析方法筛选出了影响土壤EEAs的关键驱动因子。结果表明：与天然林相比,粗放经营毛竹林和集约经营茶园土壤酸性磷酸酶（Acid phosphatase,ACP）活性均显著降低,酚氧化酶（Phenol oxidase,POX）活性均显著升高;粗放经营毛竹林土壤亮氨酸氨基肽酶（Leucine aminopeptidase,LAP）活性显著升高;集约经营茶园土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-1,4-glucosidase,BG）、纤维二糖水解酶（Cellobiohydrolase,CBH）、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶（β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminnidase,NAG）活性均显著降低。由以上结果可推知,与天然林相比,茶园土壤氮、磷养分相对充足,毛竹林土壤的磷限制有所缓解,茶园和毛竹林土壤中微生物以惰性碳作为主要的能量来源。此外,冗余分析表明,土壤pH在环境因子中的贡献率最高,是土壤总体EEAs变化的关键驱动因子。综上所述,相比天然林,转变后的粗放经营毛竹林和集约经营茶园土壤EEAs发生了明显变化,土壤pH作为关键驱动因子解释了亚热带地区天然林转变为毛竹林和茶园后土壤总体EEAs的改变。 相似文献
8.
S. S. De Silva U. S. Amarasinghe & C. Nissanka W. A. D. D. Wijesooriya & M. J. J. Fernando 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2001,8(1):47-60
Use of geographical information systems (GIS) in inland fisheries has hitherto been essentially restricted to site evaluation for aquaculture development and assessment of limnological changes in time and space in individual water bodies. The present GIS study was conducted on the land-use pattern of the catchments of nine reservoirs in Sri Lanka, for which detailed fishery data, viz. yield, fishing intensity, landing size of major constituent species, together with selected limnological data such as conductivity and chlorophyll- a , were available. Potential statistical relationships (linear, curvilinear, exponential and second-order polynomial) of fish yield ( FY , in kg ha−1 yr−1 ) to different land-use patterns, such as forest cover ( FC , in km2 ) and shrub-land ( SL , in km2 ), either singly, or in combination, and/or the ratio of each land type to reservoir area ( RA in km2 ) and reservoir capacity ( RC in km3 ), were explored. Highly significant relationships were evident between FY to the ratio of SL and/or FC + SL to RA and/or RC . Similarly, the above land-use types to RA and RC ratios were significantly related to limnological features of the reservoirs. The relationships of FY to various parameters obtained in this study were much better correlated than those relationships of FY to limnological and biological parameters used in yield prediction in tropical and temperate lacustrine waters previously. 相似文献
9.
10.