黑胫病菌（Leptosphaeria biglobosa）在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程观察     

史志丹  宋培玲  郝丽芬  皇甫海燕  燕孟娇  杨永青  吴晶  赵丽丽  李子钦 《中国油料作物学报》2021,43(2):286-292

为明确黑胫病菌（Leptosphaeria biglobosa）在甘蓝型油菜叶片和茎中的侵染及扩展过程，利用绿色荧光蛋 白（GFP）标记的黑胫病菌株接菌油菜叶片，利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察菌株在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程。结果 表明，接种油菜叶片7 h后，分生孢子萌发并长出芽管；17 h后，芽管侵入气孔；24 h后，分生孢子全部萌发；36 h后萌 发的芽管形成菌丝；120 h后，菌丝在叶片表皮细胞间隙蔓延，并侵入叶肉细胞。13 d后，菌丝侵入茎部皮层组织； 15 d后，菌丝在皮层细胞间隙蔓延，并侵染至茎表皮；21 d后，菌丝侵染至维管组织；23 d后，菌丝侵染至茎韧皮部； 25 d后，茎导管被侵染，并向木质部扩展。本研究发现的L. biglobosa 在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程，可为油菜与黑 胫病菌互作的研究、黑胫病致病机理及防治提供参考。  相似文献   

Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.)          下载免费PDF全文

M. Farooq  F. Nadeem  M. Y. Arfat  M. Nabeel  S. Musadaq  S. A. Cheema  A. Nawaz 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2018,204(3):298-312

The allelopathic water extracts (AWEs) may help improve the tolerance of crop plants against abiotic stresses owing to the presence of the secondary metabolites (i.e., allelochemicals). We conducted four independent experiments to evaluate the influence of exogenous application of AWEs (applied through seed priming or foliage spray) in improving the terminal heat and drought tolerance in bread wheat. In all the experiments, two wheat cultivars, viz. Mairaj‐2008 (drought and heat tolerant) and Faisalabad‐2008 (drought and heat sensitive), were raised in pots. Both wheat cultivars were raised under ambient conditions in the wire house till leaf boot stage (booting) by maintaining the pots at 75% water‐holding capacity (WHC). Then, managed drought and heat stresses were imposed by maintaining the pots at 35% WHC, or shifting the pots inside the glass canopies (at 75% WHC), at booting, anthesis and the grain filling stages. Drought stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 39%–49%. Foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield of wheat by 26%–31%, while seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 18%–26%, respectively, than drought stress. Terminal heat stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 38%. Seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 21%–27%; while foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield by 25%–29% than the heat stress treatment. In conclusion, the exogenous application of AWEs improved the stay green, accumulation of proline, soluble phenolics and glycine betaine, which helped to stabilize the biological membranes and improved the tolerance against terminal drought and heat stresses.  相似文献   

不同柱花草绿肥种质磷含量差异研究     

郇恒福  文稀  刘国道  黄冬芬  白昌军  虞道耿 《热带作物学报》2017,37(3):33-40

柱花草是世界热区重要的绿肥与牧草兼用的豆科作物。作为豆科绿肥，磷含量是影响绿肥品质的重要指标。本文对134份柱花草绿肥种质的磷含量进行了分析评价，结果表明，供试的134份柱花草绿肥种质有133份种质磷含量在0.3%以下，这些柱花草的磷含量达到四级有机肥磷含量标准，仅有1份柱花草种质的磷含量高于0.3%，其磷含量达到三级有机肥磷含量标准。  相似文献   

Inhibition of postharvest senescence of green leafy vegetables by exogenous D-cysteine and L-cysteine as precursors of hydrogen sulphide     

H. M. S. Al Ubeed  M. C. Bowyer  J.B. Golding 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(5):620-626

Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) inhibits senescence in harvested fruit and vegetables but presents logistical, safety and regulatory issues to become a commercial treatment. D-cysteine and L-cysteine are semi-essential amino acids that are metabolised to hydrogen sulphide by plant tissues albeit by different pathways. This paper examines the effect of cysteine on postharvest senescence of three green leafy vegetables. Spraying pak choy leaves with 10 mmol D-cysteine, L-cysteine or DL-cysteine inhibited leaf senescence through a delayed loss of green colour expressed as market life, reduced respiration rate and reduced ethylene production. The beneficial effects of cysteine were similar to those achieved by fumigation with hydrogen sulphide. L-cysteine sprays on parsley and peppermint leaves also showed reduced leaf colour loss and respiration compared to untreated leaves. Cysteine, either as the racemate or individual enantiomers, is considered to have commercial potential for green leafy vegetables as it provides the beneficial effect of hydrogen sulphide but should be easier to register for commercial use due to the GRAS status of L-cysteine.  相似文献   

γ⁃戊内酯的制备及其在纤维素生物质转化方面的应用     

徐蕊  司传领  孔凡功  李晓云 《林业工程学报》2020,5(2):20-28

γ-戊内酯是以木质纤维素生物质为原料制备的一种潜力巨大的平台化合物,它既可转化为高密度燃料、相关高分子材料以及其他高价值化学品,也可作为绿色溶剂促进木质生物质向其他高值方向转化。在化石能源日益紧俏、环境问题日益严重的今天,对γ-戊内酯进行深入研究显得尤为重要。但在实际生产中,仍存在产量低、除杂难等经济环保类问题需要解决。基于γ-戊内酯研究的最新进展,从γ-戊内酯的制备与应用两方面进行了论述,综述了生物质催化生产γ-戊内酯的研究进展,说明不同底物生产γ-戊内酯的理论基础与优缺点,并以贵金属和非贵金属催化剂为界,分类讨论了多种用于合成γ-戊内酯的催化剂。最后,结合γ-戊内酯在纤维素生物质转化应用方面的进展情况,探索了γ-戊内酯与其他相关有机物之间的制备关系,为γ-戊内酯的进一步开发利用提供了思路。  相似文献   

鱼腥草系列食品开发及其接受度评价     

吕艳春  肖通 《保鲜与加工》2020,20(1):149-154

以新鲜鱼腥草为主要原料,设计开发鱼腥草辣椒酱、鱼腥草袋泡茶、鱼腥草饮料和鱼腥草纤维蛋糕四种鱼腥草系列加工食品,通过感官评价分析每个产品的风味特点和人群接受度。结果表明,鱼腥草搭配其他配料可以加工成酱、茶、饮料和蛋糕等产品,四个鱼腥草系列加工食品的风味各有特点,其中鱼腥草豆豉辣椒酱和鱼腥草粗纤维蛋糕的接受度较高。通过添加配料改善鱼腥草产品的风味,不但保留了鱼腥草的味道,而且使不喜食鲜鱼腥草的人群可以接受其加工型产品。  相似文献   

绿色超级稻品种的农艺与生理性状分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许阳东  朱宽宇  章星传  王志琴  杨建昌 《作物学报》2019,45(1):70-80

探明绿色超级稻的农艺与生理性状,对于培育和选用绿色超级稻品种有重要意义。本研究以4个绿色超级稻品种为材料,1个超级稻品种和1个非超级稻品种为对照,观察了绿色超级稻的农艺与生理表现。结果表明,与对照品种相比,绿色超级稻品种具有较高的产量和氮素利用效率。绿色超级稻品种较高的产量得益于总颖花数和结实率的同步提高,较高的氮素利用率主要在于较高的植株氮素籽粒生产效率(氮素内部利用效率)。绿色超级稻具有较高的茎蘖成穗率和粒叶比,抽穗期较高的糖花比,灌浆期较高的作物生长速率、净同化率、根系氧化力和茎中同化物向籽粒的运转率和成熟期较高的收获指数。这些性状与产量及植株氮素籽粒生产效率均呈极显著的正相关。建议将上述性状作为培育和选用绿色超级稻品种的参考指标。  相似文献   

低温等离子体活性水在食品领域的应用进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李嘉慧  成军虎  韩忠 《保鲜与加工》2020,20(4):207-214

低温等离子体活性水（Plasma-activated Water，PAW）中富含活性氧（ROS）、活性氮（RNS）等活性成分，并具有低pH、高氧化还原电位、高电导率等特殊理化性质，近年来逐渐成为一种新型的非热物理加工方式被应用到食品杀菌与保鲜领域。低温等离子体活性水不仅能有效杀灭食品中的微生物，包括细菌、酵母、霉菌等，还能维持食品本身的品质不受显著性破坏，并且具有操作简单、处理时间短、效率高等优点，可以广泛应用在于果蔬和水产品的保鲜及肉制品的加工工艺中，满足目前市场对绿色无公害的产品需求。本文综述了低温等离子体活性水在食品领域的应用进展，讨论了低温等离子体活性水对微生物的灭活机理、对食品营养品质和感官特性的影响及PAW目前的局限性和未来发展潜力。  相似文献   

The role of ear environment in postharvest susceptibility of maize to toxigenic Aspergillus flavus     

Samuel K. Mutiga  Nelson Chepkwony  Owens A. Hoekenga  Sherry A. Flint‐Garcia  Rebecca J. Nelson 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(1):38-50

A kernel screening assay (KSA) was used to assess the genetic and environmental effects on the vulnerability of maize to aflatoxin accumulation. Kernels of 26 inbred lines that had been grown in seven environments, and 190 lines of the Intermated B73xMo17 (IBM) population grown in one location in the United States, were inoculated with a toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated in the dark at 30°C for 6 days. Percent kernel colonization (PKC), sporulation and aflatoxin were influenced by the maize genotypes (G), the location (“ear environment” or E) and the GxE interactions. Overall, low broad‐sense heritabilities were observed for PKC, sporulation and aflatoxin. PKC was significantly correlated with sporulation in all environments. Aflatoxin was positively correlated with colonization for two and with sporulation for all ear environments. Higher grain sulphur or magnesium in IBM was associated with less colonization or aflatoxin. Postharvest susceptibility of maize to aflatoxin is thus influenced by factors that are modulated by the ear environment. In a KSA, sporulation could be a proxy test for aflatoxin accumulation.  相似文献   

黄瓜病虫害绿色防控技术及示范成效     

陈彩娣 《蔬菜》2019,(10):51-53

黄瓜病虫害种类多、危害大,传统用药方式严重影响产品质量和口感。为了保证直供上海的黄瓜达到无公害要求,对生产基地采取农业防治、生态控制、生物防治和物理防治相结合的绿色防控措施,化学农药使用量减少30%,综合防治效果在85%以上,有效减少了防治次数,降低了农产品的农药残留,667 m~2增产600 kg,增值600元左右。收到了较好的经济、生态及社会效益。  相似文献