Marker‐assisted parentage analysis reveals high individual selfing rates in tetraploid red clover genotypes selected for seed yield     

Tim Vleugels  Isabel Roldn‐Ruiz  Gerda Cnops 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(6):947-957

Seed yield is a major breeding target in tetraploid red clover. We investigated if marker‐assisted parentage analysis can identify progeny plants with two high seed‐yielding parents in tetraploid red clover and if this technique is more advantageous than traditional half‐sib selection. Parentage analysis was successfully performed on the progeny from the 10% highest seed‐yielding genotypes from a second‐cycle family selection trial: 16.0% of progeny were identified with a high seed‐yielding father. However, progeny plants with two high seed‐yielding parents did not produce more seeds than traditionally selected progeny (27.3 g vs. 30.7 g/plant, respectively). The 10% highest seed‐yielding genotypes displayed on average 2% self‐fertilization. Four genotypes were self‐fertile with individual selfing rates up to 20%. Our results discourage the use of marker‐assisted parentage analysis to improve seed yield in tetraploid red clover when the material has been preselected for seed yield. Breeders should be aware that intensive selection for seed yield in tetraploid red clover may inadvertently lead to selection for increased self‐fertility, which may increase inbreeding in the long term.  相似文献   

水稻旱作覆膜节水增产试验研究     

吴珠明  时光宇  鲍炳钧 《中国农村水利水电》2001,(2):22-23

通过水稻旱作全程覆膜与半程覆膜、旱作不覆膜及水栽对比试验，研究其耗水规律，计算其节水量与增产量，并进行经济效益分析，提出了适合本地区的栽培模式。  相似文献   

苏云金素在水中和植株上的衰减与残留     

林开春  操继跃 《中国生物防治》1995,11(3):97-100

用ＨＰＬＣ检测了苏云金素在鱼塘水和清水中的衰减速率。清水中该物质的半衰期长达４３３小时；在鱼塘水中苏云素的衰减呈双指数消除模型，开始消除半衰期为２．４３－１０．６８小时，终末消除半衰期为１２８．５７－１４２．０１小时。  相似文献   

Sequences of the 3′ Halves of the Genomes of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV cpA Isolates that Vary in Symptom Severity     

Jamila Mastari  Hervé Lapierre 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(8):801-811

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-PAV isolates from USA have been separated into two distinct clusters (Chay et al. (1996) Virology 219: 57–65; Chay et al. (1996) Phytopathology 86: 370–377). Following this finding we have shown that BYDV-PAV is divided into two groups cpA and cpB based on their coat protein gene sequence, and distinct host preferences (Mastari et al. (1998) Phytopathology 88: 818–821). We have sequenced the complete 3 half of the genomes of two lethal and two mild cpA isolates and compared them with those of several known PAV cpA isolates to assess variability and locate potential determinants of severity. Open reading frames (ORFs) 3, 4, 5, 6 and the 3 untranslated regions had different percent homologies between isolates: ORF5 (92–97%), ORF3 (88–98%) 3-translational enhancer (87–100%) ORF4 (85–99%), 3 untranslated region (72–97%) and ORF6 (61–99%). In contrast to the mild isolates, the field-lethal isolates (FHv1 and FHv2) fell into the same cluster, regardless of the genomic region analysed. The isolates FHv1 and FHv2 differed from mild isolates by eight amino acid substitutions in ORFs 3 and 4, and insertions in ORF5. Four amino acid substitutions in the 17-kDa protein encoded by ORF4 caused a change in local net charge in the field-lethal isolates. Two insertions of four amino acids were identified in the C-terminal half of ORF5 of the field-lethal isolates, but were not present systematically in all lethal isolates analysed. The potential relationships of these differences in predicted amino acid sequences to disease severity are discussed.  相似文献   

Turnover of Se in adequately fed chickens using Se‐75 as a tracer     

A. Brandt‐Kjelsen  E. Govasmark  A. Haug  B. Salbu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(3):547-558

Inorganic selenium (Se) in the form of selenite is applied to livestock to avoid Se deficiency. Selenite is, however, an artificial Se source in diets of unsupplemented chickens. It is therefore hypothesized that organic Se sources, such as Se‐enriched yeast and wheat, could be a more suitable Se supply in animal nutrition, although information on the transition of Se from organic Se sources in fast‐growing chickens is scarce. In this work, chickens were fed a low Se diet (0.27 ± 0.01 mg Se/kg, Se‐enriched yeast) until 20 days of age, after which the Se concentration was increased to maximum concentration allowed by the poultry industry in Europe (0.5 p.p.m. Se). At the same time, a daily contribution of carrier‐free ⁷⁵Se tracer from labelled wheat was administered from day 20 to 27. The chickens showed S and Se homeostasis, as the concentration of S and Se in liver, blood or kidney remained about constant, and steady state of S and Se in the other organs was reached 1 day after the diet shift. The uptake of ⁷⁵Se was readily seen in all organs. After 1 week, the depuration of the ⁷⁵Se tracer was followed, and biological half‐lives and retention in individual organs were determined. The shortest biological half‐lives were observed in major metabolic organs, the liver, kidney and pancreas with half‐lives close to 4 days. There was a significant (p < 0.05) uptake in lung, brain and muscle that reached steady state when the administration of ⁷⁵Se was terminated. The half‐life of ⁷⁵Se in heart was 9 days and 7 days in blood. The longest half‐lives were observed in muscle (12 days), brain and lungs (13 days). All half‐lives were shorter than in Se deplete animals.  相似文献   

青海加什科羊与青海毛肉兼用半细毛羊被毛纤维物理性能比较     

颜寿东  张惠萍  张亚君  周伯成  郭继军  艾德强  朱亚琴  张莲芳 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2014,(1):16-17

青海加什科羊和青海高原毛肉兼用半细毛羊(以下简称半细毛羊)毛纤维细度周岁:公羊50支分别占18.00%、31.17%,母羊分别占20.40%、26.25%;56~58支公羊分别占53.57%、68.82%,母羊分别占53.47%、36.50%,差异极显著(P0.01);成年:公羊50支分别占20.00%、42.26%,母羊分别占20.22%、43.56%;56~58支公羊分别占51.25%、57.76%,母羊分别占51.44%、56.44%,差异极显著(P0.01)。  相似文献   

Effect of syringe and aggregate filter administration on survival of transfused autologous fresh feline red blood cells     

Brandon W. Heikes DVM  Craig G. Ruaux BVSc  PhD  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(2):162-167

  相似文献   

宁夏半干旱地区梯田土壤水分动态变化规律研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

余峰  董立国  赵庆丰  李生宝  蒋齐  许强 《水土保持研究》2007,14(1):298-300,304

水平梯田是控制坡耕地水土流失和实现旱作区农业高产与稳产的根本措施之一，我国梯田建设已有几千年的历史，在分析和总结现有资料的基础上，对彭阳县水平梯田土壤水分的时空变化规律进行定点观测，分析，阐述梯田土壤水分季节变化的4个时期和垂直变化的3个层次变化规律。提出了不同时期梯田的水分情况为作物栽培提供依据。  相似文献   

Fe~(3+)对赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)生长的影响     

江艳  唐欣昀  陈晓琳  甘旭华  于仁成 《农业环境科学学报》2006,25(3):653-656

为探索Fe3 与赤潮发生的关系,采用模拟生长方法研究了Fe3 对赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigmaakashiwo)生长的影响。Fe3 是赤潮异弯藻生长的限制因子,低于0.01μmol·L-1会抑制该藻的生长,在0.01￣0.05μmol·L-1时赤潮异弯藻的比生长速率与Fe3 浓度成正比关系;赤潮异弯藻的最大生长速率μm-Fe=0.2728,Ks-Fe=0.0169μmol·L-1。EDTA是赤潮异弯藻生长的限制因子,EDTA对于赤潮异弯藻生长的限制浓度是0.013μmol·L-1,EDTA浓度小于0.013μmol·L-1时,赤潮异弯藻的生长明显受到抑制;EDTA浓度大于0.013μmol·L-1时,赤潮异弯藻的比生长速率与EDTA浓度成正比关系(μ-EDTA=2.0742x-0.0114,r2=0.9248),浓度为0.13μmol·L-1时藻的生长速率接近最大值,赤潮异弯藻的最大生长速率μm-EDTA=0.3114,Ks-EDTA=0.1160μmol·L-1。探讨了不同Fe3 /EDTA比值对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响,Fe3 /EDTA比值为0.2时藻细胞生长速率达到最大,表明比值为0.2时最适合赤潮异弯藻的生长。因此,赤潮异弯藻适合在Fe3 、EDTA浓度分别大于0.05、0.13μmol·L-1、Fe3 /EDTA=0.2的条件下生长。  相似文献   

肝窦内皮细胞和枯否细胞中bcl-2和GAPDH mRNA半衰期的测定     

陈宏  Dargel R  Schreckenberg C 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,29(1):15-18

通过反转录 PCR( RT- PCR)测定了肝窦内皮细胞和枯否细胞中 bcl- 2和 GAPDH m RNA的半衰期。结果表明 ,在窦内皮细胞中 bcl- 2和 GAPDH m RNA的半衰期分别为 6 .13和大于 2 0 h,在枯否细胞中 bcl- 2和GAPDH m RNA的半衰期分别为 5 .86和 13.74h。  相似文献