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Maria Jo?o Rodrigues Katkam N. Gangadhar Catarina Vizetto-Duarte Sileshi G. Wubshet Nils T. Nyberg Luísa Barreira Jo?o Varela Luísa Custódio 《Marine drugs》2014,12(4):2228-2244
Extracts of five halophytes from southern Portugal (Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Mesembryanthemum edule, Juncus acutus, Plantago coronopus and Halimione portulacoides), were studied for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and in vitro antitumor properties. The most active extracts towards the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were the methanol extracts of M. edule (IC50 = 0.1 mg/mL) and J. acutus (IC50 = 0.4 mg/mL), and the ether extracts of J. acutus (IC50 = 0.2 mg/mL) and A. macrostachyum (IC50 = 0.3 mg/mL). The highest radical scavenging activity (RSA) against the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical was obtained in the ether extract of J. acutus (IC50 = 0.4 mg/mL) and H. portulacoides (IC50 = 0.9 mg/mL). The maximum total phenolic content (TPC) was found in the methanol extract of M. edule (147 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and in the ether extract of J. acutus (94 mg GAE/g). Significant decreases in nitric oxide (NO) production were observed after incubation of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the chloroform extract of H. portulacoides (IC50 = 109 µg/mL) and the hexane extract of P. coronopus (IC50 = 98.0 µg/mL). High in vitro cytotoxic activity and selectivity was obtained with the ether extract of J. acutus. Juncunol was identified as the active compound and for the first time was shown to display selective in vitro cytotoxicity towards various human cancer cells. 相似文献
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采用Tullgren干漏法,研究位于山东省东营市黄河三角洲盐生植物园内土壤动物垂直分布情况并进行聚类分析。结果表明,在调查的10个样点中,土壤动物的垂直分布在不同季节和不同生境条件下变化很大,但是大多数样点内的表聚性特点明显;蜱螨目是该地区的主要优势类群,另一优势类群弹尾纲个体数量变化大,分布存在显著差异;黄河三角洲盐生植物园内土壤动物的多样性与均匀度变化趋势一致。各样点内优势类群蜱螨目的数量巨大,严重影响其他物种的数量和分布,对聚类分析影响较大,最终导致Bray-Curtis相似性系数和Jaccard相似性系数的聚类分析结果差异明显。 相似文献
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Triston N. Hooks Geno A. Picchioni Brian J. Schutte Manoj K. Shukla David L. Daniel Jamshid Ashigh 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(1):106-114
A better understanding of site-specific factors such as soil salinity that regulate plant invasions is needed. We conducted a 3-mo greenhouse study to evaluate the salinity responses of three local maternal sources of Lepidium alyssoides, which is an indigenous species shown to aggressively colonize disturbed shrubland sites in the southwestern United States, including those affected by high salinity and sodicity. Results indicated that there were little or no population effects on plant evapotranspiration (ET), growth, and tissue Na and Cl concentrations. Significant reductions in seedling growth and ET were largely independent of various isosmotic saline irrigation solutions that included NaCl, Na2SO4, and CaCl2, each at ? 0.1 MPa and ? 0.2 MPa, suggesting that ET and growth were controlled by solution osmotic potential. The combined Na and Cl concentrations in leaves were 9–10% of dry weight with no visible sign of injury. However, increasing leaf mortality and abscission as a proportion of total leaf production was observed in the high-salt treatments (? 0.2 MPa), with a combined Na and Cl concentration reaching 16% with high NaCl. Under saline conditions, considerable foliage salt loads of this species could deposit high-salt litter to potentially alter a landscape to its own favor and to the detriment of other salt-sensitive species. Results of this study add to a limited quantitative database on site-specific salinity factors governing plant invasions by showing the potential for these populations to behave invasively under saline conditions and, thus, potential for soil salinity assessment to predict incipient populations. However, due to its halophytic traits and indigenous status, L. alyssoides may alternatively provide ecosystem services to salinized shrublands of the arid and semiarid southwestern United States. 相似文献
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膜下滴灌棉田生物改良盐碱地效果研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过在膜下滴灌棉田间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)、孜然(Ⅱ)和碱蓬(Ⅲ),并以未间作的处理作为对照(CK),研究不同盐生植物改良盐碱地的效果。结果表明：间作盐生植物的棉田在生育期内可以达到保水和抑制盐分累积的效果,土壤含水量峰值基本保持在40 cm深度,其中以间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)和孜然(Ⅱ)的保水效果较好,在0～40 cm深度范围土壤含水量与对照组相比分别提升了29.80%和14.49%;间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)和孜然(Ⅱ)的处理抑制盐分累积的效果也较好,在0～40 cm深度范围抑盐率分别为125%和70.38%。同时,通过在膜间种植盐生植物,棉花的株高、茎粗和干物质量均有一定程度的增加,籽棉产量也有相应的提升,其中以间作孜然和苜蓿的处理提升较多,分别比对照组提升10.45%和7.74%。由此可见,膜下滴灌棉田间作盐生植物是一种有效的盐碱地改良措施,而盐生植物的选择对改良的效果影响较大,综合试验结果对比,间作孜然和间作苜蓿的生物改良措施效果较好。 相似文献
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Alison M. Flores Brian J. Schutte Geno Picchioni David Daniel 《Arid Land Research and Management》2017,31(2):182-203
With declining availability of fresh surface water, brackish groundwater is increasingly used for irrigation in the arid and semi-arid southwestern United States. Brackish water can be desalinated by reverse osmosis (RO) but RO results in a highly saline concentrate. Disposal of concentrate is a major problem hindering augmentation of inland desalination in arid areas. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of texture and saline water irrigation on the physiology of six species (Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Hordeum vulgare L., Lepidium alyssoides A. Gray, Distichlis stricta (L.) Greene, Panicum virgatum L., and ×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus [Secale?×?Triticum]). All species were grown in two contrasting soils and irrigated with the same volume of control water (EC 0.9?dS/m), brackish groundwater (4.1?dS/m), RO concentrate (EC 8.0?dS/m). Several plant physiological measurements were made during the growing season including height, number of stem nodes, average internodal length, number of leaves, leaf length, photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance rates, transpiration rates, leaf temperatures, stem water potential, and osmotic potential. P. virgatum was the only species that showed significant decrease in plant height and growth with texture and irrigation water salinity. Except for A. canescens and L. alyssoides, number and length of leaves decreased with increasing salinity for all species. No significant differences were observed for photosynthetic, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates by soil texture or irrigation water salinity. Stem water potential and osmotic potential did show some significant influence by soil texture and irrigation water salinity. Based on the results, RO concentrate can be reused to grow all six species in sand; however, growth of all species showed some limitations in clay. Local reuse of RO concentrate along desert margins with regular soil and environmental quality monitoring can accelerate implementation of inland desalination for sustaining food security. 相似文献
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以大柴旦盐湖区及其周边地区作为试验区,选取海韭菜、芦苇2种优势盐生植物作为供试种,通过对2种盐生植物根—土复合体试样和素土试样进行剪切试验,探讨了盐生植物根系对土体抗剪强度增强作用以及土体抗剪强度的影响因素。结果表明:2种植物根—土复合体试样粘聚力值为13.48~21.87kPa,不含根系素土试样粘聚力值为8.45kPa,与不含根系素土相比,根—土复合体的粘聚力值增长量为5.03~13.42kPa,其增长幅度为59.53%~158.82%;海韭菜根—土复合体试样粘聚力值大于芦苇,2种盐生植物根—土复合体试样粘聚力值与2种盐生植物在一定范围内的根系含量之间呈正相关关系,同时一定程度上表明了试验区2种植物根系增强土体强剪强度的机制表现为,在一定范围内根—土复合体中根系密度和数量愈高则其对土体抗剪强度增强程度相对愈显著,且海韭菜对土体粘聚力的增强作用显著大于芦苇。该研究成果对研究区以及与该区地质条件相类似的其他地区利用盐生植物增强土体抗剪强度,以实现有效地防治地表水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害具有理论研究价值和实际指导意义。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe present investigation was based on the hypothesis that the endophytes residing in the roots of halophytes have better adaptation to saline conditions. Six halophytic herbs were collected from Khewra salt range (EC = 4.7 dS m?1 and SAR = 25.7). From these herbs, root pieces of Cenchrus ciliaris were shade dried; finely ground to powder and three plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonad moraviensis, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were isolated. Root powder in sterilized and unsterilized forms was added in the saline-sodic field on wheat and mixed with soil in pot experiment with induced NaCl (150 mM). Sterilized root powder increased organic matter NO3-N and P contents of soil and leaves, fresh weight, sugar content, and yield attributes. The root powder application in unsterilized form significantly decreased EC, SAR, and Na content of field soil with concomitant increase in soil and leaves K, P, and NO3-N. The farmer’s benefit was increased by 33% at yield. Root powder-induced salt tolerance was mediated by the PGPR (residing inside the root) through increased growth and better physiological adaptations. It is inferred that root powder harboring the PGPR may be an alternative to biofertilizer with longer shelf life and may also serve as carrier for the preparation of effective biofertilizer for saline land using other PGPR bio-inoculants. 相似文献
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艾比湖湿地盐生植物区系研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
对艾比湖湿地盐生植物区系和常见群落的土壤盐分特征进行了分析。结果表明:艾比湖湿地盐生植物物种多样性较为丰富,共有31科73属144种,分别占新疆盐生植物39科128属358种的79.5%、57.0%和40.2%,占中国盐生植物73科239属566种的42.5%、30.5%和25.4%;艾比湖湿地盐生植物地理成分在科的分布有4个类型4个变型;属的分布有9个类型7个变型,其中古地中海成分明显,没有区系特有成分。常见盐生植物群落冠下土壤盐分含量均显著低于裸地,能有效改良盐碱地。 相似文献