The Effects of Intercrop Spacing Patterns on the Silage Yield of Maize and Soybean     

R. C. Martin    H. D. Voldeng  D. L. Smith 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,167(2):81-90

The effects of intercrop spacing patterns on the silage yields of both maize (lea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) were examined from 1985 to 1987. Dwarf maize was intercropped with nonnodulatmg or nodulating soybean in the spacing patterns, S_40same (two crops in the same row, 40 cm row width) and S_20ait or S_40ak (two crops in alternate rows, 20 cm or 40 cm row width, respectively). Tall maize was intercropped with nodulating soybean in S_40sames S_40alt and S_40pair (maize in 40 cm paired rows, soybean rows 20 cm outside each maize row and 80 cm from the next set of four rows) at 0 or 60 kg N ha⁻¹ and at population densities of 67% maize: 67% soybean or 50 % maize: 50% soybean. Maize and soybean were also intercropped and stripcropped on a farm-scale. The only difference between intercrops arranged in the same rows versus those in alternate rows was that the average soybean protein yields were higher in S_40same than in S_40alt. In 1986, the S_40alt maize-soybean intercrops produced higher maize yields, total biomass yields and Land Equivalent Ratios (LERs) than in S_40pirs, and in 1987, these responses were higher in intercrops than in stripcrops. In 1986, at 0 kg N ha⁻¹, the soybean biomass and protein yields were lower in S_40alt, than in S_40pairs and in 1987, these responses were lower in intercrops than in stripcrops.  相似文献   

棉苜间作棉田天敌群落结构与动态及其对棉蚜的控制效应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈明  李国强  罗进仓 《植物保护学报》2007,34(6):631-636

采取不同的棉苜间作方式,研究了棉苜间作棉田天敌群落结构及种群动态规律、棉蚜与天敌的消长动态,以及棉苜间作对棉田蚜虫的控制效应。与常规单种棉田相比,间作苜蓿棉田内的瓢虫、蜘蛛、草蛉种群数量大幅度增长,尤以每隔1膜间作75cm苜蓿带处理区为甚,分别增长了318.0%、120.9%和79.6%。间作或邻作苜蓿的棉田天敌群落的物种丰富度、丰富度指数及多样性指数均高于常规单种棉田,表明间作和邻作苜蓿带并适时刈割,可以提高棉田内天敌群落的丰富度和多样性。刈割苜蓿带对棉田棉蚜及瓢虫类、蜘蛛类和草蛉类天敌的数量动态影响较大。在棉蚜上升初期刈割苜蓿带,使棉田内瓢虫类、蜘蛛类和草蛉类天敌数量急剧上升,棉蚜数量大幅下降,从而有效地控制了棉田棉蚜的暴发。  相似文献   

花生间作大葱条件下氮磷钾肥配施效应的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩猛  林琪  刘义国  李玲燕  姜德锋 《青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,26(4):282-285

采用"3414"肥料试验,探索花生间作大葱条件下氮磷钾配施效应,经过肥料效应函数拟合,研究了氮磷钾肥不同比例配合施用对花生间作大葱产量的影响,研究结果表明:氮磷钾肥配施能显著提高大葱产量,在一定范围内随着施氮量的增加大葱的产量升高,各施肥处理产量比不施肥处理增产5.50%~82.00%;同时,氮磷钾肥配施能够显著提高花生产量,各施肥处理产量较不施肥处理增产22.83%~48.73%,氮磷钾3种肥料对花生产量的效应函数拟合性较好。综合3类7种肥料效应函数,在花生间作大葱条件下高产推荐施肥量为:N 157.2kg/hm2、P2O5143.1kg/hm2、K2O 125.8kg/hm2,肥料用量比例为N:P2O5:K2O是1.25:1.14:1。  相似文献   

Dry-season sesbania fallows and their influence on nitrogen availability and maize yields in Malawi     

S. T. Ikerra  J. A. Maghembe  P. C. Smithson  R. J. Buresh 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,52(1):13-21

Nitrogen deficiency is widespread in southern Africa, but inorganic fertilizers are often unaffordable for smallholder farmers. Short-duration leguminous fallows are one possible means of soil fertility restoration. We monitored preseason topsoil (0 to 20 cm) ammonium and nitrate, fallow biomass production and grain yields for three years in a relay cropping trial with sesbania [Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays L.). Sesbania seedlings were interplanted with maize during maize sowing at 0, 7400 or 14,800 trees ha^–1, in factorial combination with inorganic N fertilizer at 0 or 48 kg N ha^–1 (half the recommended rate). After maize harvest, fallows were allowed to grow during the seven-month dry season, and were cleared before sowing the next maize crop. Both sesbania fallows and inorganic N fertilizer resulted in significantly greater (P < 0.01 to 0.05) preseason topsoil nitrate-N than following unfertilized sole maize. In plots receiving no fertilizer N, preseason topsoil inorganic N correlated with maize yield over all three seasons (r ² = 0.62, P < 0.001). Sesbania fallows gave significantly higher maize yields than unfertilized sole maize in two of three years (P < 0.01 to 0.05). Sesbania biomass yields were extremely variable, were not significantly related to sesbania planting density, and were inconsistently related to soil N fractions and maize yields. Short-duration fallows may offer modest yield increases under conditions where longer duration fallows are not possible. This gain must be considered against the loss of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) harvest in the similarly structured maize-pigeonpea intercrop common in the region.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

窄冠黑杨窄冠黑白杨的选育(I)田间试验及结果分析     

庞金宣  张友朋  李际红  刘国兴  李富恩  周保林  姜维国  孙埠  李金岭  韩荣廷 《山东林业科技》2003,(5):1-7

通过杂交育种，苗期选择，无性系测定，选出了6个窄冠黑杨，1个窄冠黑白杨无性系。前者生长量接近对照I-69/55和中林46，冠幅比对照小1/2—1/3，耐盐碱能力较强，容易扦插繁殖，造林成活率高。后者生长量与窄冠白杨3号相当，冠幅比窄冠白杨3号更窄，繁殖方式同一般毛白杨。两类品种均为适合于农田林网及农林间作的杨树新品种。  相似文献   

A conceptual framework and an empirical test of complementarity and facilitation with respect to phosphorous uptake by plant species mixtures     

Chunjie LI  Thomas W. KUYPER  Wopke VAN DER WERF  Junling ZHANG  Haigang LI  Fusuo ZHANG  Ellis HOFLLAND 《土壤圈》2022,32(2):317-329

Plant species have different traits for mobilizing sparingly soluble phosphorus (P) resources, which could potentially lead to overyielding in P uptake by plant species mixtures compared to monocultures due to higher P uptake as a result of resource (P) partitioning and facilitation. However, there is circumstantial evidence at best for overyielding as a result of these mechanisms. Overyielding (the outcome) is easily confused with underlying mechanisms because of unclear definitions. We aimed to define a conceptual framework to separate outcome from underlying mechanisms and test it for facilitation and complementarity with respect to P acquisition by three plant species combinations grown on four soils. Our conceptual framework describes both mechanisms of complementarity and facilitation and outcomes (overyielding of mixtures or no overyielding) depending on the competitive ability of the species to uptake the mobilized P. Millet/chickpea mixtures were grown in pots on two calcareous soils mixed with calcium-bound P (CaP) and phytate P (PhyP). Cabbage/faba bean mixtures were grown on both acid and neutral soils mixed with P-coated iron (hydr)oxide (FeP) and PhyP. Wheat/maize mixtures were grown on all four soils. Rhizosphere carboxylate concentration and acid phosphatase activity (mechanisms) as well as plant P uptake and biomass (outcome) were determined for monocultures rhizosphere and species mixtures. Facilitation of P uptake occurred in millet/chickpea mixtures on one calcareous soil. We found no indications for P acquisition from different P sources, neither in millet/chickpea, nor in cabbage/faba bean mixtures. Cabbage and faba bean on the neutral soil differed in rhizosphere acid phosphatase activity and carboxylate concentration, but showed no overyielding. Wheat and maize, with similar root exudates, showed overyielding (the observed P uptake being 22% higher than the expected P uptake) on one calcareous soil. We concluded that although differences in plant physiological traits (root exudates) provide necessary conditions for complementarity and facilitation with respect to P uptake from different P sources, they do not necessarily result in increased P uptake by species mixtures, because of the relative competitive ability of the mixed species.  相似文献   

大棚番茄连续套蒜第3年作物生产和土壤养分分析     

孙彩菊  程智慧  孟焕文 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,42(12):102-110

【目的】研究大棚番茄与大蒜(青蒜)连续套种3年对作物的生物效应和土壤养分含量的影响。【方法】2010-08-2011-07,在塑料大棚内以番茄单作为对照,设番茄套作大蒜和番茄套作青蒜2个处理,在秋茬番茄行间套种大蒜或青蒜,大蒜(青蒜)生长持续到春季,此时定植春茬番茄,分析比较不同模式连续种植第3年时的作物生物效应和土壤养分含量。【结果】与番茄单作相比,套蒜处理对秋茬番茄生长和产量有一定促进作用,并能显著提高其主要品质指标,但套蒜处理对春茬番茄生长和产量有显著的竞争性抑制作用。套作大蒜和青蒜对番茄根结线虫有一定抑制作用,其防病效果在秋茬番茄上分别为54.9%和60.0%,在春茬番茄上分别为34.3%和39.4%。套蒜处理可明显提高秋茬和春茬番茄土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量,但对土壤速效钾含量影响效果不同。不同套作模式的年产值不同,套作大蒜和青蒜处理分别较番茄单作增值11.0%和11.9%。【结论】连续套蒜可消减大棚番茄根结线虫病,提高年产值。  相似文献   

Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as a whole-crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Ghanbari-Bonjar  H. C. Lee† 《Grass and Forage Science》2003,58(1):28-36

Abstract Sole crops and intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.), at three harvest dates, representing successive growth stages, were evaluated for biomass production of whole‐crop forage and quality characteristics of crude protein (CP), neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF), acid‐detergent fibre (ADF), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations and ash content. These tests were carried out for two field experiments, respectively, drilled during the spring of 1997 and autumn of 1997 on Imperial College Farm, Wye, UK. Results indicated that optimum forage yield and quality were obtained from the second to third harvest dates for the spring‐drilled experiment and the second harvest for the autumn‐drilled experiment. Wheat and bean intercrops were higher in total forage dry matter (DM) yield than either wheat or bean grown as sole crops. Field bean intercropped with wheat led to increased forage quality (CP and NDF concentrations) compared with sole wheat, and higher WSC concentrations compared with sole bean. Intercrops also enhanced weed suppression compared with sole bean. It is suggested that winter wheat–bean intercrops may have considerable potential as a moderate‐yielding, relatively high‐quality, low‐input and environmentally benign forage crop with considerable potential with regard to yield and quality and warrant further study.  相似文献   

刚果12号桉人工林下土壤微生物与土壤养分研究初报     

谢龙莲  王真辉  刘小香  陈秋波 《热带农业科学》2007,27(4):50-53,70

以海南省儋州林场刚果12号桉(Eucalyptus ABL12)人工林土壤为对象,研究了刚果12号桉人工林地土壤微生物类群的分布规律及土壤养分的变化。结果表明:在土壤剖面上,土壤微生物具有一定的垂直变化,并随着土层深度的增加而减少,主要集中在0～20 cm的土层中;土壤微生物3大类菌中,细菌所占比例最大,其次为放线菌、真菌;土壤微生物数量还具有一定的季节变化,最大值一般出现在9、10月份;各样地中土壤微生物类群及土壤养分总体表现为:桉-豆科牧草>桉-禾本科牧草>纯桉林,且土壤微生物类群与土壤养分之间存在一定的相关性。本研究结果也表明,经过桉树-牧草间种后,桉树人工林土壤的微生物性质得到了很大改善。  相似文献   

林木营养与虫害——杨树不同栽培措施的抗虫效应   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

周章义  苏西林  刘曾三  苏秀廉 《北京林业大学学报》1985,(3)

本文探讨了杨树与刺槐混交、间种绿肥、施土杂基肥和追施化肥等不同栽培措施后的抗害虫效应,并探讨了不同栽培措施后其抗性不同的机理。主要结果如下:(1)混交或间种明显降低了青杨枝天牛和杨扇舟蛾的数量及对杨树的为害;(2)用混交林杨叶喂饲柳毒蛾或用间种绿肥的杨树叶喂饲杨扇舟蛾,幼虫生长不利,蛹及成虫的雌雄比、怀卵量与对照组相比显著下降;(3)混交和间种后的杨叶所含总蛋白质、总游离氨基酸、粗纤维、灰分及含水量均高于对照组,但总糖、碳氮比、游离胱氨酸明显低于对照组,而且缺乏游离蛋氨酸和组氨酸。我们的资料表明,上述混交和间种措施提高了杨树对上述害虫的抗性。  相似文献