Impact of climate change on maize yield in China from 1979 to 2016          下载免费PDF全文

Jian-zhai WU  Jing ZHANG  Zhang-ming GE  Li-wei XING  Shu-qing HAN  Chen SHEN  Fan-tao KONG 《农业科学学报》2021,20(1):289-299

Climate change severely impacts agricultural production, which jeopardizes food security. China is the second largest maize producer in the world and also the largest consumer of maize. Analyzing the impact of climate change on maize yields can provide effective guidance to national and international economics and politics. Panel models are unable to determine the group-wise heteroscedasticity, cross-sectional correlation and autocorrelation of datasets, therefore we adopted the feasible generalized least square(FGLS) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on maize yields in China from 1979–2016 and got the following results:(1) During the 1979–2016 period, increases in temperature negatively impacted the maize yield of China. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the maize yield was reduced by 5.19 kg 667 m–2(1.7%). Precipitation increased only marginally during this time, and therefore its impact on the maize yield was negligible. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by an insignificant amount of 0.043 kg 667 m–2(0.014%).(2) The impacts of climate change on maize yield differ spatially, with more significant impacts experienced in southern China. In this region, a 1°C increase in temperature resulted in a 7.49 kg 667 m–2 decrease in the maize yield, while the impact of temperature on the maize yield in northern China was insignificant. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by 0.013 kg 667 m–2 in southern China and 0.066 kg 667 m–2 in northern China.(3) The resilience of the maize crop to climate change is strong. The marginal effect of temperature in both southern and northern China during the 1990–2016 period was smaller than that for the 1979–2016 period.  相似文献   

土壤团聚体有机碳研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱锟恒  段良霞  李元辰  李振炜 《中国农学通报》2021,37(21):86-90

土壤有机碳是衡量土壤肥力的重要指标,对于促进土壤养分循环、增加养分有效性有重要作用。土壤团聚体是土壤的重要组成部分,是组成土壤结构的最小单元,受到自然因素和人为因素的影响,其形成转化过程与土壤固碳过程息息相关,因而研究团聚体和有机碳的关系及团聚体有机碳影响因素对于土壤结构的改善和土壤质量的提升具有重要意义。本文通过对文献的总结,明晰了土壤团聚体和有机碳的关系,阐述了土壤类型、施肥方式、土地利用和矿区复垦对土壤团聚体有机碳的影响,并从生物质炭的长期定位研究和复垦矿区的土壤修复两方面对土壤团聚体有机碳的研究进行展望,研究结果可为合理的农业生产提供科学依据。  相似文献   

都市餐饮企业的净菜需求影响因素分析——以北京市为例     

洪岚  卢悦  张恪渝 《中国瓜菜》2021,(3)

净菜的广泛使用能提高餐饮企业的出餐率,减少其后厨面积、劳动用工和厨余垃圾。基于北京地区708份餐饮企业净菜需求的问卷调查样本,运用垄断竞争市场理论和二元选择模型分析了影响餐饮企业净菜使用行为的具体因素。研究发现,对净菜了解程度不够和净菜价格偏高是制约餐饮企业使用净菜的主要因素,具有不同个体特征和环境特征的餐饮企业选择净菜的倾向性不同。建议在餐饮业大力开展净菜宣传科普工作;大力扶持净菜加工企业和发展相关技术支撑体系以降低净菜价格。  相似文献   

数值模型结构不确定性对模拟结果的影响分析     

李兴男  金江跃  降亚楠 《排灌机械工程学报》2021,39(2):179-185

以内蒙古鄂托克旗为例,基于GMS中的MODFLOW模块构建了地下水流数值模拟模型,分析了模型结构(含水层厚度、参数分区)与模型参数不确定性因素对模拟结果的影响.研究结果表明:含水层不确定情景(含水层下边界概化为隔水底板平均值870 m)与实际情况水头差值绝对值的累计和最大为701 m,对模拟结果起了主控作用;当含水层下边界概化为910,940 m时,累计和分别增加为1 013,1 593 m;与仅考虑单个不确定性因素相比,同时考虑模型参数与含水层不确定情景累计和最大为738 m,同时考虑参数分区与含水层不确定情景累计和最大为791 m.因此,在构建地下水流数值模拟模型时,应优先考虑含水层空间结构概化的合理程度,同时考虑多个不确定性因素对模拟结果的综合影响,使地下水数值模拟模型能更精确地反映真实的地下水流状况.  相似文献   

王正非林火蔓延模型改进研究     

张晓婷  刘培顺  王学芳 《山东林业科技》2020,50(1):1-6,40

王正非林火蔓延模型是目前国内比较先进的森林火灾蔓延模型,但是由于林火行为的复杂性,此模型在准确率和普适性方面仍存在许多不足。本文结合已有的成果进一步改进王正非模型,增加了可燃物湿度对林火蔓延速度的影响,改进了林火初始速度的计算方式。针对各种坡度对林火蔓延行为的影响给出了一个计算公式。与改进前相比,改进后的模型使其对林火蔓延情况的预估更为精准。  相似文献   

Detect unique molecular structure associated with physiochemical properties in CDC varieties of oat grain with unique nutrient traits [Feed Type vs. Milling Type] in comparison with barley grain using advanced molecular spectroscopy as a non-destructive biological tool     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

The objective of this study was to determinate grain unique protein inherent molecular structure that are related physiochemical and nutrient profiles in CDC developed oat varieties [CDC Nasser (Feed Type) and CDC Seabiscuit (Milling Type)] grown in cool climate condition in western Canada in comparison with conventional barley variety of CDC Meredith as a control using advanced molecular spectroscopy. Multivariate analyses, including an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (CLA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were performed to identify protein molecular structural differences among the grains. The results revealed that CDC Seabiscuit contained greater (P < 0.05) protein structural Amide I and II than CDC Nasser and CDC Meredith, while the greater (P < 0.005) structural Amide I to II area and height ratios was detected in CDC Meredith. New oat grains had greater (P < 0.05) β-sheet height than barley grains, however, there was no difference in α-helix to β-sheet ratio values among the varieties. In conclusion, CDC Nasser and CDC Meredith had no difference in protein molecular structural features, while CDC Seabiscuit contains different protein structural characteristics as compared to CDC Meredith grain. The molecular structure features are highly associated with physiochemical and nutrient profiles in grains, which indicate that it also affect nutrient utilization and availability.  相似文献   

含刚性沉水植物明渠水流结构的试验研究     

王子建  丁雪  吉庆丰 《灌溉排水学报》2020,(2):78-83

【目的】得到含刚性沉水植物明渠的水流结构。【方法】采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV),用有机玻璃棒模拟刚性植物,在不同来水流量、植物密度条件下对明渠水流结构进行了试验研究。【结果】无植物时平均流速沿垂向呈对数分布规律,有植物时则呈现明显的分区分布特性。无植物时紊动强度值沿垂向变化不大,有植物时在植物顶端位置处紊动最剧烈。流量或植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的流速梯度就越大,植物层上方的流速最大值也越大。植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的紊动强度越大,植物密度对水流紊动强度由最大值减小到最小值的区域影响很大。【结论】刚性沉水植物的存在会改变水流结构,增强紊动掺混,增强流体质点交换和能量传递,且上述影响会随着流量或植物密度的增大而增强。  相似文献   

芸薹属及其他异源多倍体植物的基因表达特征研究进展     

张大为  谭晨  李再云 《中国油料作物学报》2018,40(3):438

远缘杂交及异源多倍化导致许多重要作物的起源与进化，而芸薹属栽培异源四倍种是研究作物异源多倍化的模式系统之一。异源多倍体是如何调控及协调来自不同二倍体祖先的不同基因组的遗传行为及基因表达，是过去二十年间的研究热点和重要的生物学问题。利用不断发展的分子生物学技术，一方面揭示出芸薹属及其他多倍体物种基因组表现出动态性质，即在形成初期及长期进化过程中持续发生遗传及表观遗传的变化；另一方面发现异源多倍化过程中伴随着大量的基因表达模式改变，包括非加性表达、超亲表达、表达水平显性、部分同源偏向表达、基因剂量平衡效应等现象。上述基因组结构、表观遗传改变以及基因表达模式的调控，使新产生的多倍体得以成功进化为新物种。  相似文献   

The microbial diversity and structure in peatland forest in Indonesia     

Bing Liu  Muhamed Jamal Hosen Talukder  Eeva Terhonen  Maija Lampela  Harry Vasander  Hui Sun  Fred Asiegbu 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(1):123-138

The microbial community structure and function under forest in tropical peatlands are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structure and diversity in natural peat swamp forest soil, disturbed peat soil and mineral soil in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, using 454 pyrosequencing. The results showed that the natural peat soil had the greatest fungal species richness (Chao1), which was significantly (p < .05) larger than that in the other two soils. Community structure of both fungi and bacteria in natural peat soil differed significantly from that in the disturbed peat soil (p = .039 and p = .045, respectively). Ascomycota (40.5%) was the most abundant phylum across the three soils followed by Basidiomycota (18.8%), Zygomycota (<0.1%) and Glomeromycota (<0.1%). The linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed that Ascomycota (p < .05) and genus Gliocephalotrichum (p < .05) dominated in natural peat soil. Functionally, pathotrophs were more abundant in disturbed peat soil (p < .05). Proteobacteria (43.8%) were the most abundant phylum followed by Acidobacteria (32.6%), Actinobacteria (9.8%), Planctomycetes (1.7%). Methylocystis, Telmatospirillum, Syntrophobacter, Sorangium and Opitutus were the more abundant genera in disturbed peat soil, whereas Nevskia and Schlesneria were more abundant in mineral soil and natural peat soil, respectively. The natural peat forest soil supported a more diverse microbiology; however, the land use of such a soil can change its microbial community structure. The results provide evidence that the disturbance of tropical peat land could lead to the introduction and spread of a large number of fungal diseases  相似文献   

Cohort‐specific variation in juvenile coho salmon habitat use          下载免费PDF全文

Catherine Bradley  Suresh Andrew Sethi  Joshua Ashline  Jonathon Gerken 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):695-706

In this study, we examined summer and fall freshwater rearing habitat use by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the quickly urbanising Big Lake drainage in south‐central Alaska. Habitat use was assessed by regressing fish count data against habitat survey information across thirty study sites using generalised linear mixed models. Habitat associations were examined by age‐0 and age‐1+ cohorts separately, providing an opportunity to compare habitat use across different juvenile coho salmon life stages during freshwater rearing. Regression results indicated that the age‐0 cohorts were strongly associated with shallow, wide stream reaches with in‐stream vegetation, whereas age‐1+ cohorts were associated with deeper stream reaches. Furthermore, associations between fork length and habitat characteristics suggest cohort‐specific habitat use patterns are distinct from those attributable to fish size. Habitat use information generated from this study is being used to guide optimal fish passage restoration planning in the Big Lake drainage. Evidence for habitat use partitioning by age cohort during freshwater juvenile rearing indicates that pooling age cohorts into a single “juvenile” stage for the purposes of watershed management may mask important habitat use dynamics.  相似文献