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Wakayama Prefecture is one of the important districts of citrus production in Japan. The citrus groves are located in the northern districts of the prefecture along the watershed of the Kii, and Arita rivers. Geologically, the rocks in these districts are classified into crystalline schist, Palaeozoic Upper Chichibu and Mesozoic Cretaceous systems. The associated soils are chiefly members of the Red Yellow Podzolic and Lithosol group.7) 相似文献
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Summary Interspecific hybrids of Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus acutifolius or Phaseolus filiformis have been evaluated for evidence of heterosis for symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity. Hybrids showing composite leghemoglobin profiles were selected for comparison. Rooted cuttings from hybrids and their respective parents were used to estimate nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) rates and to determine nitrogen accumulation during the growth period. Some hybrids of Phasolus vulgaris × Phaseolus acutifolius and Phaseolus vulgaris × Phaseolus filiformis had significantly (P<0.01) higher nitrogen fixation rates and in the latter case, accumulated more total nitrogen, than either parent. The interspecific hybrids also showed more complex leghemoglobin profiles than either parent. 相似文献
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Takashi Sato Hiroyuki Yashima Norikuni Ohtake Kuni Sueyoshi Shoichiro Akao James E. Harper 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):635-645
The hypernodulation soybean mutant lines (NOD1-3, NOD2-4, NOD3-7) and their parent Williams, and the mutant En6500 and its parent Enrei were cultivated in a sandy dune field in Niigata, and the nodules and root bleeding xylem sap were sampled at 50, 70, 90, and 120 d after planting (DAP). The nodule size distribution patterns and concentration of leghemoglobin components were determined. The number of nodules of the hypernodulation mutant lines was about two to three times higher than that of the parent lines irrespective of the sampling date. At 50 DAP the nodule size was relatively smaller in the hypernodulation mutant lines, and the total dry weight of the nodules was almost the same in the mutant lines and their parents. At 70 DAP and 90 DAP, the size distribution of the hypernodulation mutant nodules became .almost the same as that of the parent lines, and both the number and total dry weight of the nodules were higher than those of the parent lines. The concentration of four Lb components was separately measured by capillary electrophoresis. The concentration of the Lb components in the hypernodulation mutant lines tended to be lower than in the parents, but the component ratios were not different between the hypernodulation mutants and their parents. Under field conditions, plant growth and nodulation characteristics were more similar between mutants and parents than in the hydroponic culture reported previously, although the mutants did exhibit hypernodulation traits. These findings suggest that the decrease in the Lb concentration and the different Lb components ratios in the mutants may be caused by secondary effects of excess nodulation, such as photosynthate deficiency, rather than by a genetic defect in mutation. The concentration of major nitrogenous compounds (allantoic acid, allantoin, asparagine, aspartic acid, and nitrate) in the xylem sap was also measured by capillary electrophoresis. The concentration of ureides and nitrate in xylem sap decreased with the plant age, but the asparagine concentration increased during the same period. The concentrations of ureides and asparagine were higher, and the nitrate concentration was lower in the mutant lines than in their parents, possibly due to the higher dependence on N2 fixation than N03 - utilization. In the xylem sap, nitrate was the major inorganic anion followed by phosphate, sulfate, and chloride, and potassium was the major cation followed by calcium or magnesium and sodium. 相似文献
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Summary Genetic variance within Phaseolus vulgaris or among Phaseolus species for leghemoglobin composition may be useful in breeding for enhanced nitrogen fixation. Using primers constructed from conserved regions of the leghemoglobin gene, polymerase chain reaction was used to specifically amplify the Lba gene in total DNA samples from 17 lines and 10 species of Phaseolus. These primers are 100% homologous with the 5- and 3-ends of the leghemoglobin-encoding genes Lba of Phaseolus vulgaris, Lbc2 and Lbc3 of Glycine max, and 90% homologous to the G. max Lba gene. With one exception, only a single band was amplified using this approach with DNA isolated from 11 species of Phaseolus. The species of Phaseolus used in these experiments can be grouped into six classes based on the size of the amplified product which corresponded to their presumed genetic relatedness. Arranged in decreasing order by size these classes are: (1) Phaseolus lunatus and Phaseolus polystacius; (2) Phaseolus anisotrichus; (3) Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus filiformis, Phaseolus angustissimus acc. # 16, and Phaseolus oligospermus; (4) Phaseolus angustissimus acc # 166, which had two major bands; (5) Phaseolus polyanthus, Phaseolus microspermus, and Phaseolus coccineus; and (6) Phaseolus vulgaris. No significant heterogeneity of amplified product within Phaseolus vulgaris was observed among 12 lines examined, but heterogeneity was observed between lines within Phaseolus acutifolius and Phaseolus angustissimus. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of conserved genes may be a useful method to facilitate the introgression of desirable genes from wild and exotic germplasm.Abbreviation Lb
leghemoglobin
Support for this work was provided by the University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences through Hatch project no. D479 and by USDA competitive grant 9103443 to EWT. 相似文献
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Mujeebur Rahman Khan Fayaz A. Mohiddin Faheem Ahamad 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(2):166-174
The potential effect of rhizobial inoculation on root knot nematodes in chickpea, mungbean and pigeonpea were studied under field condition. The seed treatment with respective rhizobium strains increased the nodulation, leghemoglobin content, bacteriod population, plant growth, yield and nitrogen uptake of three three food legumes compared to the plants without the rhizobium treatment. The nematode (1500?juveniles/kg soil) incited oval galls on the roots of the three legumes, and suppressed plant growth and yield. The galling, egg mass production and soil population of the nematode was greater on the plants without the rhizobium treatment. The pure culture and culture filtrate of the rhizobium strains suppressed the egg hatching and induced mortality to the juveniles of M. incognita over control. The nematode infection reduced the nodulation, bacteroid population and leghemoglobin contents of the nodules and NPK uptake by the plants. Hence, the rhizobia treatment shall be integrated to common agronomic practice of food legume cultivation so as to enhance crop productivity and to protect roots from nematode attack. 相似文献
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【目的】探索咪唑乙烟酸抑制大豆根瘤固氮酶活性的关键机制,为解决咪唑乙烟酸长期大量应用对根瘤固氮的毒害提供依据。【方法】采用田间试验方法,研究咪唑乙烟酸茎叶处理对根瘤固氮酶活性的影响与根瘤豆血红蛋白含量、根瘤类菌体和细胞浆中氨含量的关系。【结果】咪唑乙烟酸施用后21 d内,固氮酶活性受到显著抑制。112.5和225.0 g a.i./hm2施药量下,对豆血红蛋白含量的抑制峰值分别出现在第7、14天,抑制率分别为30.52%和35.41%,抑制作用分别在第21、28天得到解除。根瘤类菌体中氨含量抑制峰值均出现在第14天,抑制率分别为35.33%和48.96%,第28天氨含量均恢复正常。细胞浆中氨含量显著增高,且分别在第 21、28天恢复正常。【结论】咪唑乙烟酸茎叶处理后,豆血红蛋白含量降低是导致固氮酶活性降低的1个重要原因,同时细胞浆中氨积累也造成了对固氮酶活性的反馈抑制。 相似文献
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The study evaluated the effects of phosphorus (0, 20, 30, and 40 kg P2O5 ha?1) and biofertilizers [Rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas fluorescens), Rhizobium + PGPR, and uninoculated control] in lentil. Application of 40 kg P2O5 ha?1 resulted in the highest number of nodules, nodule dry weight, leghemoglobin content in nodules, chlorophyll content, yield attributes, and grain yield. Coinoculated treatment performed better than uninoculated control, and individual inoculations of Rhizobium and PGPR in terms of all above mentioned parameters. Application of 20 kg P2O5 ha?1 + Rhizobium inoculation gave statistically similar and 20 kg P2O5 ha?1 + Rhizobium + PGPR inoculation gave significantly higher grain yield than that by 40 kg P2O5 ha?1 alone. The use of Rhizobium alone and Rhizobium + PGPR consortium can save not only 20 kg P2O5 ha?1 but also increase the grain yield of lentil. 相似文献
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The effect of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) race 3 and strains of Bradyrhizobium japonkum interactions on nodulation and other agronomic characters of several soybean genotypes was investigated. Nodule weight was reduced in soybean cultivar Ogden treated with SCN plus Bradyrhizobia strains USDA 110 and 6 and on soybean cultivar Essex treated with SCN plus strain USDA 6. The result was reversed on soybean cultivar Essex treated with SCN plus strain USDA 110. The nodule number also decreased on soybean cultivars Ogden and Essex treated with SCN plus strains USDA 110 and 6. The fresh root weights of soybean cultivars Ogden and Essex treated with SCN plus strain USDA 110 were heavier than the fresh root weight of Essex treated with SCN plus strain USDA 6. Lower nitrogen content of stems and leaves was noted only in cultivar Essex treated with SCN plus strains USDA 110 and 6. Bradyrhizobia strain USDA 110 was more efficient in the initiation of nodules in cultivars Ogden and Essex than strain USDA 6. The nitrogen-fixing capacity of strain USDA 6 in Ogden was better than strain USDA 110. The differences in the agronomic performances of the various soybean genotypes were due to their degree of susceptibility to SCN and Bradyrhizobia strains and also to their genetic make-up. 相似文献
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Introduction To make clear the chemical behavior of free iron compounds in paddy soils, it is necessary to find an accurate and rapid method for determining ferrous iron in waterlogged paddy soils. Several methods1,2,3) have been proposed for this purpose, most of which use dilute acids, such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, as extracting reagents. According to the writers' experience, however, these methods seem to be inadequate. The reason is that the acid solutions extract not only ferrous iron, but also ferric iron and reducing substances from soils, and the latter two react immediately in the extract to produce ferrous iron, thus we obtain larger value for ferrous iron than the one actually existing in soils. The writers have found that acetate buffer of pH 2.8 is a very suitable extractant for ferrous iron, and they have been able to establish a new method for the determination of ferrous iron in soils using this buffer. The experimental details will be given in this paper. 相似文献
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