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为探明长期施肥对砂姜黑土大孔隙结构的影响,本研究选取37 a田间定位试验的5个处理：不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、单施有机肥（M）、等氮条件下有机肥与化肥配施（MNPK）和高氮条件下有机肥与化肥配施（HMNPK）,通过X射线CT扫描原状土柱（直径7.4 cm,高20 cm）,利用图像处理技术进行土壤孔隙三维结构重建。结果表明,各处理下土壤团聚体结构内部以及团聚体之间均存在大孔隙,尤以M处理数量最多;分形维数和各向异性由大到小次序分别为HMNPK>M>MNPK>NPK>CK和MNPK>CK>M>NPK>HMNPK。与CK相比,有机肥配施处理（M、MNPK、HMNPK）的大孔隙度分别增加7、6、10个百分点,大孔隙数量分别增加41.5%、33.3%、26.8%。HMNPK处理孔径分布呈剧烈的双峰曲线波动,第一和第二峰值分别出现在395~577 μm和1 545~1 701 μm处。主成分分析表明,<126 μm孔径主要受粉粒含量影响,126~500 μm孔径受容重影响,500~2 500 μm孔径则受砂粒含量、黏粒含量、连通性和分形维数等多因素综合影响。研究表明,有机肥和无机肥长期配施,可显著改善砂姜黑土大孔隙数量和形态特征,尤以HMNPK处理效果最佳,而NPK处理效果不明显。分形维数和连通性可作为砂姜黑土结构改良的定量评价指标。 相似文献
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滑带土的显微结构分析对揭示滑面演化具有重要意义。文中对原状土与滑带土中的黄土及红黏土进行了SEM和CT试验,探讨了原状土与滑带土的微观结构特征,对比分析了原状土与滑带土之间的差异。结果表明:滑带黄土颗粒的平均体积小于原状黄土,而滑带黄土的孔隙比大于原状黄土,并且占主导比例的粒径和孔隙直径的范围比原状黄土更广;滑带黄土相较于原状黄土,其颗粒和孔隙均表现出占主导比例的中间颗粒和孔隙减少,占非主导地位的颗粒和孔隙比例增大;在滑带土交界面附近黄土一侧孔隙发育更高,而红黏土一侧裂隙发育程度更高。 相似文献
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基于同步辐射微CT研究不同利用年限水稻土团聚体微结构特征 总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5
同步辐射微CT (SRμ-CT)可以无损获取高分辨率、强对比度的内部结构图像,是研究土壤团聚体三维微结构的有效手段.本研究采集了种植水稻20 a和40 a后表层土壤团聚体样品,应用SRμ-CT扫描获取了9μm分辨率的团聚体内部结构图像,然后应用CT图像处理方法和3DMA-Rock软件观察并定量分析了团聚体微结构特征.随着种植水稻年限的增加,土壤有机质含量和全氮含量显著增加,团聚体孔隙数量和孔隙度显著增加,比表面积显著增大.种植水稻20 a的土壤团聚体呈现致密的黏闭结构,而种植水稻40 a的土壤团聚体具有由团粒状小团聚体构成的复杂多孔微结构.结果表明随着种植年限的增加,团聚体微结构和土壤质量明显改善. 相似文献
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用显微CT研究不同植被恢复模式的土壤团聚体微结构特征 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
为了更好了解不同植被恢复模式对土壤团聚体微结构的影响,该研究采用显微CT技术扫描3~5 mm土壤团聚体,获取了3.25μm分辨率的二维图像,并应用数字图像处理软件对团聚体孔隙结构进行三维重建,定量研究了黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复模式下(自然草地、人工灌木和坡耕地)土壤团聚体微结构特征。结果表明,两种植被恢复模式均显著提高了土壤有机碳含量和团聚体水稳性(P0.05),降低了土壤容重。与坡耕地处理相比,自然草地土壤团聚体总孔隙度、大孔隙度(100μm)、瘦长型孔隙度分别增加了20%、23%和24%,而分形维数和连通性指数欧拉特征值分别降低了2%和75%,且各指标二者间差异均显著(P0.05)。人工灌木土壤团聚体的上述各项孔隙参数均优于自然草地(较坡耕地分别增加了70%、88%和43%以及降低了4%和92%),且除欧拉特征值外,差异均显著(P0.05)。分形维数和连通性对土壤结构变化的响应相当敏感,可作为该地区植被恢复过程中土壤质量评价的指标,研究结果可为黄土高原土壤质量评价提供科学参考。 相似文献
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CORNELIA SCHERZER HENNING WINDHAGEN JENS NELLESEN HORST-ARTUR CROSTAK KARL ROHN FRANK WITTE FRITZ THOREY MICHAEL FEHR GREGOR HAUSCHILD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(4):404-411
The goal of this study was to examine the microarchitecture of the trabecular bone of the canine femoral head using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) technology. Specifically, we assessed changes seen in the femoral head in dogs with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and compared this with changes seen in dogs with hip dysplasia and coxofemoral luxation. Femoral heads from healthy animals were examined as a control. In total, 38 femoral heads were studied. Rules for defining spherical volumes (region of interest) for determination of the structural parameters within the trabecular structure were established using micro-CT images. The following parameters were determined directly in three dimensions: bone volume fraction, surface volume fraction, trabecula thickness, trabecular count, trabecular spacing, and connectivity. Characteristic femoral head changes were found for each condition. An unexpected result was found that contradicts the prevailing understanding of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Instead of observing a thickening of the bone trabeculae caused by layering of new bone matrix on top of necrotic trabeculae, we observed an increase in trabecular count and a smaller trabecular thickness. From this it may be concluded that trabecular regeneration is more prominent or prevails over the characteristically described layering processes in the revascularization and repair processes occurring in this illness. 相似文献
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稻麦轮作区秸秆还田对水稻土结构的影响 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
为探明稻麦轮作区秸秆还田对水稻土结构的影响,依托常熟农业生态试验站25 a的长期定位试验,研究秸秆还田对水稻土容重、团聚体分布及稳定性、团聚体有机碳分布和孔隙大小分布的影响。试验设不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥和半量秸秆还田(NPKS1)、化肥和全量秸秆还田(NPKS2)等处理。采集各小区耕层水稻土,通过湿筛的方法测定团聚体分布及稳定性,通过X射线CT扫描和图像处理得到孔隙结构信息。结果显示,与CK相比,单施化肥(NPK)能显著提高土壤有机碳含量、降低土壤容重,对团聚体分布及稳定性、大孔隙度(大于0.032 mm)、孔隙大小分布没有显著影响。与NPK处理相比,秸秆还田(NPKS1、NPKS2)分别使土壤容重降低14.0%和19.4%,有机碳含量提高10.0%和23.1%,但是对团聚体分布及稳定性影响不显著;化肥和半量秸秆还田(NPKS1)对大孔隙度和孔隙大小分布没有显著影响,化肥和全量秸秆还田(NPKS2)的大孔隙度(大于0.032 mm)提高了110.6%,各当量孔径范围的孔隙度也明显提高(大于1.5 mm除外)。结果表明,经过25 a的秸秆还田,稻麦轮作区全量秸秆还田能够降低土壤容重,增加土壤有机碳含量和各级团聚体中有机碳含量,增大土壤总孔隙度和大孔隙度,改善水稻土的物理结构;而半量秸秆还田没有显著改善水稻土的孔隙结构。 相似文献
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老年性骨质疏松模型小鼠的颅骨增龄性变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为对比观察快速衰老型小鼠(SAMP6)与正常老化型小鼠(SAMR1)颅骨的增龄性变化,本试验采用活体micro-CT扫描定量观察SAMP6和SAMR1小鼠24、30、36周龄时的颅骨骨体积密度(BV/TV)。小鼠36周龄完成micro-CT扫描后,解剖颅骨,HE染色和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色对比观察小鼠颅骨组织学特点并测量破骨细胞数目。结果显示,不同年龄SAMP6的颅骨BV/TV值均显著低于同龄SAMR1;随年龄增长,SAMP6颅骨BV/TV显著降低,而SAMR1颅骨BV/TV无显著变化;与SAMR1相比,SAMP6颅骨内外骨板更薄,板障更宽;板障内破骨细胞更多,且差异显著。本试验表明随年龄增长,SAMP6的颅骨骨体积密度降低,且均小于同龄SAMR1,而SAMR1的无显著变化。 相似文献
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Ewelina Pabjanczyk-Wlazlo Nina Tarzynska Anna Bednarowicz Adam K. Puszkarz Grzegorz Szparaga 《Marine drugs》2021,19(10)
Hyaluronate and alginate are non-toxic and biocompatible polymers, which can be used for surface modification and functionalization of many kinds of materials. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has several advantages, including its versatility, simplicity, and ability to coat substrates with complex shapes, and is used for the creation of antimicrobial or hydrophobic coatings on metallic biomaterials, among other applications. However, its utilization for applying biopolymer layers on textiles is very limited due to the more complex structure and spatial characteristics of fibrous materials. The aim of this research was to analyze the effects of selected EPD process parameters and the structural characteristics of fibrous carriers on the kinetics of the process and the microscopic characteristics of the deposited layers. The influence of solution characteristics, process parameters, and carrier structures obtained using two different techniques (melt blown and spun-bonded) were analyzed. The morphology and structure of the created deposits were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and computed tomography, and molecular structure analysis was performed with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The surface mass and thickness of fibrous poly (lactic acid)-based carriers were analyzed in accordance with the respective standards. This study serves as a basis for discussion and further development of this method with regard to fibrous materials for medical applications. 相似文献
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