The microbial diversity and structure in peatland forest in Indonesia     

Bing Liu  Muhamed Jamal Hosen Talukder  Eeva Terhonen  Maija Lampela  Harry Vasander  Hui Sun  Fred Asiegbu 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(1):123-138

The microbial community structure and function under forest in tropical peatlands are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structure and diversity in natural peat swamp forest soil, disturbed peat soil and mineral soil in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, using 454 pyrosequencing. The results showed that the natural peat soil had the greatest fungal species richness (Chao1), which was significantly (p < .05) larger than that in the other two soils. Community structure of both fungi and bacteria in natural peat soil differed significantly from that in the disturbed peat soil (p = .039 and p = .045, respectively). Ascomycota (40.5%) was the most abundant phylum across the three soils followed by Basidiomycota (18.8%), Zygomycota (<0.1%) and Glomeromycota (<0.1%). The linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed that Ascomycota (p < .05) and genus Gliocephalotrichum (p < .05) dominated in natural peat soil. Functionally, pathotrophs were more abundant in disturbed peat soil (p < .05). Proteobacteria (43.8%) were the most abundant phylum followed by Acidobacteria (32.6%), Actinobacteria (9.8%), Planctomycetes (1.7%). Methylocystis, Telmatospirillum, Syntrophobacter, Sorangium and Opitutus were the more abundant genera in disturbed peat soil, whereas Nevskia and Schlesneria were more abundant in mineral soil and natural peat soil, respectively. The natural peat forest soil supported a more diverse microbiology; however, the land use of such a soil can change its microbial community structure. The results provide evidence that the disturbance of tropical peat land could lead to the introduction and spread of a large number of fungal diseases  相似文献   

Effect of cyclodextrin diallyl maleate on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes in vitro and in vivo   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zeenat Ara LILA  Nazimuddin MOHAMMED  Noriko TATSUOKA  Shuhei KANDA  Yuzo KUROKAWA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(1):15-22

Effects of β‐cyclodextrin diallyl maleate (CD‐M) on methane production, ruminal fermentation and digestibility were studied both in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study, diluted ruminal fluid (30 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 and 24 h with or without CD‐M using hay plus concentrate (1.5:1) as a substrate. The CD‐M was added at different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/L). The pH of the medium and numbers of protozoa were not affected by the addition of CD‐M. Total volatile fatty acids were increased and ammonia‐N was decreased, molar proportion of acetate was decreased and propionate was increased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) by 14–76%. The effect of CD‐M on methane production and ruminal fermentation was further investigated in vivo using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay and concentrate mixture (1.5:1) with or without CD‐M (2% of feed dry matter) as a supplement. Ruminal proportion of acetate tended to decrease and that of propionate was increased (P < 0.05) 2 h after CD‐M dosing. Total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing, acetogenic bacteria and protozoa were unaffected while methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. The plasma concentration of glucose was increased, whereas that of urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05). Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) from 36.4 to 30.1 L/kg dry matter intake by the addition of CD‐M. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber were not affected while that of crude protein was increased (P < 0.05) in the medicated steers. These data suggested that dietary supplementation of CD‐M decreased methane production and improved nutrient use.  相似文献   

人工养殖西伯利亚狍肠道微生物组成的雌雄差异     

刘金月  刘德凯  王璐瑶  李响  贾博文  刘艳华 《野生动物学报》2021,(2):428-436

肠道微生物是一个复杂的生态系统,与宿主的健康、疾病以及其他因素有着密切的关系。目前,关于肠道菌群结构和功能的研究较多,但是对西伯利亚狍肠道菌群的研究还未见报道。西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)属于反刍动物,有独特的消化特性和微生物群来帮助它们适应高纤维的食物。本研究利用高通量测序技术在Illumina MiSeq平台上对14只狍肠道微生物进行16S rRNA基因分析。结果表明:个体样本中门类组成的差异,雌性个体JY3和雄性个体JY9除Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria这3类菌群外,其他门类菌群所占比例都很低。在科水平上,雌性个体中Ruminococcaceae在JY7和JY13肠道内含量相对较少,Bacteroidaceae在JY7,JY10和JY13中含量较高。雄性个体中Ruminococcaceae在JY11和JY14肠道内含量较少,Prevotellaceae在JY4中含量较少。在属水平上,雌性个体特有的菌属为Roseburia,Alloprevotella,Lachnospiraceae_incertae_sedis和Coprococcus;雄性个体特有的菌属为Fusobacterium,Succiniclasticum,Streptococcus和Clostridium sensu stricto。Alpha多样性分析表明,Ace指数范围2128.93—772.98,Chao1指数范围2128.89—785.27,Shannon指数范围5.44—3.78,Simpson指数范围0.07—0.01。在不同物种分类水平上,雌雄狍肠道内的优势菌群有些不同。PCoA(principal co-ordinates analysis)分析显示,狍样本几乎混在一起,没有明显差异。  相似文献   

保护性耕作对土壤团聚体、微生物及线虫群落的影响研究进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

沈晓琳  王丽丽  汪洋  王明亮  杨殿林  赵建宁  李刚  轩清霞  王亮 《农业环境科学学报》2020,37(3):361-370

保护性耕作具有良好的生态效益,有利于农业生态系统的可持续发展。本文对比分析了国内外有关常规耕作和保护性耕作措施对土壤团聚体、土壤有机碳、土壤微生物及土壤线虫影响的研究进展。结果表明：保护性耕作减少土壤大团聚体的破坏,降低团聚体周转速率,提高土壤结构的稳定性;保护性耕作提高表层土壤总有机碳及活性有机碳含量;保护性耕作可以提高耕层微生物生物量,尤其对真菌生物量影响显著;保护性耕作不同程度地提高了团聚体中微生物量和微生物多样性,但并未改变微生物在团聚体中的分布模式;保护性耕作可提高土壤线虫多度,提高原状土壤和土壤各粒级团聚体中线虫群落的成熟度指数和结构指数,但并未改变线虫总数、营养类群、功能团及生态指数在团聚体中的分布模式。针对目前国内外研究现状,展望了保护性耕作今后的研究重点,以期为因地制宜选取保护性耕作措施提供理论支持,推进我国农业可持续发展。  相似文献   

黄河下游滩地杨树人工林土壤微生物分析     

许景伟  李春艳  王卫东  付裕  路姗姗  王月海  李传荣 《东北林业大学学报》2007,35(9):52-54,69

对山东省济南市长清区黄河下游滩地杨树人工林林地土壤微生物数量及分布特征进行了分析,结果表明:滩地杨树人工林土壤微生物主要分布在0～20cm的土层,20～50cm土层的微生物较少;各林地土壤微生物数量明显高于新淤地微生物数量;细菌是滩地杨树人工林林地土壤微生物的主要组成成分,在上、下层土壤中所占比例分别为81.7%～99.1%和75.1%～98.8%;土壤微生物数量随林龄的增长呈现高—低—高的变化趋势,但至林木主伐前,固氮菌和纤维素分解菌数量有所降低;不同管理模式影响微生物的数量,集约经营管理的林分土壤微生物数量较多;滩地杨树人工林土壤微生物数量与土壤颗粒组成密切相关。  相似文献   

鹅肠道微生物研究进展     

王志敬  郑会龙  杨慧山  谭伟军  刘美玲  葛影影 《中国草食动物科学》2021,(2):55-58,81

肠道微生物是当前研究的热点,鹅肠道微生物的组成与丰富程度不仅和鹅的生长性能密切相关,而且在鹅机体生理活动中具有一定的调节作用,同时与疾病的发生和发展具有密切的联系.通过研究鹅肠道微生物的调节,从而达到促生长或者治疗疾病的目的,是目前鹅研究探寻的新方向.文章主要综述了鹅肠道微生物的组成及其变化规律,以期为鹅产业生物饲料的...  相似文献   

膜下滴灌与沟灌海岛棉田土壤微生物特性的比较   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

范君华  刘明 《节水灌溉》2005,(1):9-11

对不同灌溉方式下土壤微生物特性的对比研究结果表明：膜下滴灌方式下棉田的微生物数量及根际、根外微生物数量均多于细流沟灌；两种灌溉方式都具有明显的根际效应；膜下滴灌使土壤处于厌气条件，土壤酶活性没有明显增加，但由于膜下滴灌可随水滴肥，适时适量供给棉花生长所需肥水，仍能满足海岛棉生长需求。  相似文献   

纤维素分解菌的分离与特性初探   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

孙冬梅 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2004,16(1):75-78

利用不同分离培养基从不同生态区域土壤中分离纤维素分解菌，针对其中木霉T1、T4与毛壳菌G2、G3菌株进行生物学特性研究，结果表明：不同菌株对营养成分变化反应不同，T1、T4、G2菌株最适天然培养基为胡萝卜煎汁与番茄煎汁，G3最适天然培养基为菠菜与马铃薯：T1、T4最适合成培养基分别为Mayer与Boas，G2、G3最适合成培养基分别为Mayer、Hopkin；T1、T4最适碳源分别为果糖与麦芽糖，G2、G3最适碳源为麦芽糖：T1、T4最适氮源为蛋白胨，G2、G3最适氮源为豆饼粉；但光照对不同菌株影响均不大：四菌株对温度反应相同，最适温度均为25～30℃；T1、T4最适pH为4～5，G2、G3最适pH为7～8：碳氮比值变化对T1、T4影响不大，而G2、G3的生长受到高碳氮比值的抑制。  相似文献   

土壤微生物多样性的主要影响因子及其效应   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

黄进勇  李春霞 《河南科技大学学报(农学版)》2004,24(4):10-13

农田土壤类型、农业耕作方式以及农业植被类型等都是影响土壤微生物多样性的主要因素。长期种植不同作物以及实行不同的轮作方式对改变土壤微生物类群及其主要组成有显著影响；植被的破坏可直接导致土壤微生物多样性的丧失和微生物生物量的下降。以往对土壤微生物多样性的研究仅限于可培养的微生物类群而具有较大的局限性。分子生态学技术的发展，为微生物多样性的研究开辟了新的途径。  相似文献   

苏云金芽胞杆菌ICP基因工程菌的研究进展     

关雄  黄志鹏  高日霞 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(2)

综述了近年来国内外利用杀虫细菌苏云金杆菌ＩＣＰ基因构建工程菌，包括植物根际定居菌、植物疫苗、重组杀蚊蓝细菌和杆状病毒Ｂｔ重组菌等研究的历程及现状、成功的范例及存在问题．文中亦讨论了该研究领域的应用前景．  相似文献