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Performance,rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of dairy calves fed starter mixtures supplemented with herbal plants,essential oils or monensin 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Akbarian‐Tefaghi E. Ghasemi M. Khorvash 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):630-638
This study evaluated the supplementation effects of three herbal plants (thyme [THY], eucalyptus [EUC] and celery [CEL]), a commercial phytogenic additive ?containing essential oils (PFA‐EO, Digestarom® P.E.P.) and monensin (MON) in calf starter on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites during pre‐ (days 3–55) and post‐weaning (days 56–70). Sixty‐six Holstein dairy calves (3 days of age, 41.2 ± 3 kg of BW) were allocated to one of six starters supplemented with: (i) no additives (CON), (ii) MON (30 mg/kg), (iii) THY (23 g/kg), (iv) CEL (23 g/kg), (v) EUC (23 g/kg) and (vi) PFA‐EO (3 g/kg). All the calves were offered starters ad libitum plus 6 L of whole milk daily. Starter intake tended to be the highest in calves fed PFA‐EO and THY; intermediate in calves fed CON, MON and EUC; and the lowest in those fed CEL. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) remained unaffected by dietary treatments during the pre‐weaning. During the post‐weaning period, ADG and FE ?were greatest in calves fed EUC followed by those fed CON, MON, PFA‐EO and THY, and then in those fed CEL. No differences were observed among the treatments in skeletal growth, faecal score, rumen pH or ammonia‐N concentration. Compared to calves fed CON and MON, those fed the herbal plants or PFA‐EO tended to recorded higher molar proportions of acetate and butyrate, and the acetate: propionate ratio. Blood malondialdehyde level did not differ among treatments, but calves on CON had the highest glucose concentration, and those fed PFA‐EO recorded the highest value for β‐hydroxyl butyrate on day 70. In conclusion, the results indicate that the three herbs and PFA‐EO are capable of modulating some of the rumen fermentation parameters and blood metabolites as well as eucalyptus could potentially be a better alternative to monensin for improving post‐weaning performance. 相似文献
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E. Anassori B. Dalir‐Naghadeh R. Pirmohammadi M. Hadian 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(1):114-122
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing a basal diet (CTR) with raw garlic (GAR) or garlic oil (GAO) on blood profile in sheep. Monensin (MON, 33 mg/kg DM) was used as positive control. Four ruminally fistulated rams were used in three experiments each arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28‐day periods. Experiments 1 and 2 differed in the dose of GAR (75 vs. 100 g/kg DM) and GAO (500 vs. 750 mg/kg DM), while experiment 3 was designed to compare the two doses of each additive (GAR and GAO). The animals were fed a basal diet as TMR consisting of 77.83% forage (alfalfa hay and corn silage) and 22.17% concentrate, providing 10.50 MJ/kg DM (metabolizable energy) and 16.5% crude protein to cover maintenance energy and protein requirements. Supplementation of monensin decreased (P < 0.05) β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in the blood compared with other treatments. There was no significant effect of additives on serum concentration of glucose, total triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Although the serum insulin concentration was elevated in sheep receiving MON and GAO (P < 0.01), no change was observed in blood glucose concentration. No significant effect of GAO and GAR was observed in key energy and protein‐related blood metabolites. However, administration of monensin had a positive influence on energy indices. In conclusion, whereas parameters characterizing the energy balance did not show a significant effect of GAR supplementation, a higher insulin concentration in GAO‐treated animals was observed. 相似文献
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Effect of monensin withdrawal on rumen fermentation,methanogenesis and microbial populations in cattle 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Arfan Abrar Takamitsu Tsukahara Makoto Kondo Tomomi Ban‐Tokuda Wang Chao Hiroki Matsui 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(9):849-854
This study was designed to obtain information on the residual influence of dietary monensin on ruminant fermentation, methanogenesis and bacterial population. Three ruminally cannulated crossbreed heifers (14 months old, 363 ± 11 kg) were fed Italian ryegrass straw and concentrate supplemented with monensin for 21 days before sampling. Rumen fluid samples were collected for analysis of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, monensin concentration, methanogens and rumen bacterial density. Post‐feeding rumen fluid was also collected to determine in vitro gas production. Monensin was eliminated from the rumen fluid within 3 days. The composition of SCFA varied after elimination of monensin, while total production of SCFA was 1.78 times higher than on the first day. Methane production increased 7 days after monensin administration ceased, whereas hydrogen production decreased. The methanogens and rumen bacterial copy numbers were unaffected by the withdrawal of monensin. 相似文献
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柔嫩艾美尔球虫野外株对3种聚醚类离子载体抗生素的敏感性试验 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用鸡体药效试验法测定了柔嫩艾美尔球虫对３种聚醚类离子载体抗生素的敏感性。试验证明，柔嫩艾美尔球虫野外分离株对盐霉素（６６×１０－６）、莫能菌素（１２０×１０－６）和拉沙菌素（１２５×１０－６）产生了耐药性。上述３种药物的抗球虫指数（ＡＣＩ）分别为１４９．３９、１３４．０４和１５６．１１。但这３种药物对柔嫩艾美尔球虫标准株仍然有效 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究牛至精油和莫能菌素对荷斯坦犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和菌群结构的影响。试验选用了80头新生荷斯坦犊牛,体重(41.31±2.23)kg,随机分为4组,每组20头。牛至精油组开食料中添加4.0 g/kg牛至精油,莫能菌素组开食料中添加3.6 g/kg莫能菌素,混合组开食料中添加4.0 g/kg牛至精油+3.6 g/kg莫能菌素,对照组开食料中不添加任何饲料添加剂。饲喂70 d后,从每组中选取体重相近的试验牛3头,采集12头犊牛的瘤胃液,检测瘤胃发酵参数,并运用高通量测序方法测定瘤胃菌群结构及多样性。结果表明:1)莫能菌素组和混合组的瘤胃液氨态氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);莫能菌素组的瘤胃液丙酸比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)门水平上,牛至精油组、莫能菌素组、混合组的瘤胃液中变形菌门的相对丰度极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);莫能菌素组的瘤胃液中拟杆菌门的相对丰度有高于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。3)属水平上,牛至精油组、莫能菌素组和混合组的瘤胃液中普雷沃氏菌属的相对丰度有高于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);牛至精油组的瘤胃液中丁酸弧菌属的相对丰度有低于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);莫能菌素组的瘤胃液中奥尔森菌属的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),瘤胃球菌属和丁酸弧菌属的相对丰度均有低于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);混合组的瘤胃液中梭菌属的相对丰度有低于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。综上所述,饲粮中添加牛至精油可以调节瘤胃微生物的菌群结构,提高犊牛瘤胃中蛋白质降解菌的相对丰度,降低产丁酸菌属的相对丰度,同时可能避免或者缓冲莫能菌素对有益菌群的破坏。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探究饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性和氮平衡的影响.选用3头体重为(460.0±20.6)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮添加20 mg/d海南霉素和350 mg/d莫能菌素的试验饲粮.结果表明:饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素没有显著影响瘤胃液pH和丁酸含量(P＞0.05),但显著降低了瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、乙酸含量、乙酸/丙酸和氨态氮浓度(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,海南霉素组和莫能菌素组丙酸含量分别提高了16.26％和15.79％(P ＜0.01).饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素显著降低了尿囊素排出量、尿嘌呤衍生物排出量和微生物氮产量(P＜0.05).饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素也降低了粪氮量和尿氮量(P＜0.05),提高了沉积氮量(P＜0.01).与对照组相比,海南霉素组和莫能菌素组的表观氮消化率分别提高了5.61％和7.05％(P =0.03).总之,与莫能菌素相似,饲粮添加海南霉素可以改变瘤胃发酵模式,使其更趋向于丙酸型发酵,并且能够提高氮利用效率. 相似文献
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旨在研究牛至精油（oregano essential oil,OEO）与莫能菌素（monensin,MON）对荷斯坦犊牛血清生化指标、消化酶活性以及瘤胃微生物区系的影响。本试验前期阶段选用了体重相近（（41.31±2.23）kg）,体况良好的荷斯坦初生犊牛80头,随机分为4组,每组20头,采用单栏饲养。对照组饲喂全脂牛乳和颗粒饲料,其他3个试验组在饲喂全脂牛乳和颗粒饲料的基础上分别添加4 g·kg-1牛至精油、3.6 g·kg-1莫能菌素和7.6 g·kg-1牛至精油和莫能菌素的混合物,饲喂至56、70日龄时,从每组中选取6头体重相近的公犊,颈静脉采血测定血清指标,并通过口腔导管的形式采集犊牛的瘤胃液,检测消化酶活性以及瘤胃微生物区系。结果表明：1）添加牛至精油显著提高了56日龄犊牛血清中TP、SOD、GSH和GSH-Px的浓度（P ≤ 0.05）;莫能菌素对56、70日龄犊牛BUN浓度有降低的趋势（P<0.10）。2）牛至精油显著降低了56、70日龄犊牛瘤胃中产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的数量（P<0.05）,显著提高了白色瘤胃球菌的数量（P ≤ 0.05）;莫能菌素显著降低了56、70日龄犊牛瘤胃中原虫的数量（P ≤ 0.05）,并有降低白色瘤胃球菌数量的趋势（P<0.10）,在56日龄时,莫能菌素有降低犊牛瘤胃中黄色瘤胃球菌数量的趋势（P<0.10）;牛至精油和莫能菌素对56、70日龄犊牛瘤胃中溶纤维丁酸弧菌有显著的交互作用（P ≤ 0.05）;在56日龄时,牛至精油和莫能菌素对栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌有交互作用的趋势（P<0.10）,而在70日龄时则呈显著的交互作用（P ≤ 0.05）。3）牛至精油和莫能菌素对56、70日龄犊牛瘤胃中胃蛋白酶浓度有显著的交互作用（P ≤ 0.05）。综上所述,饲粮中添加牛至精油可提高犊牛的免疫力和抗氧化能力。莫能菌素在抑制瘤胃内原虫数量上强于牛至精油,牛至精油对提高主要蛋白质降解菌数量的作用效果优于莫能菌素。总之,牛至精油可改善犊牛的健康状况以及调控瘤胃微生物区系,牛至精油作为天然植物抗生素可替代犊牛期预防性治疗的其他类抗生素生长促进剂。 相似文献
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R. B. Williams 《Veterinary research communications》1992,16(2):147-152
Experiments were carried out to investigate why the anticoccidial ionophore monensin is more potent against the coccidiumEimeria tenella in chickens fed on a maize-based diet (as in the USA) than in chickens fed on a wheat-based diet (as in the UK). The explanation seems to be that the pathogenicity ofE. tenella is lower in maize-fed chickens than in wheat-fed chickens, whether monensin is present in the diet or not. Possible reasons for this are suggested. The better survival of maize-fed birds may be partly due to protective effects of the higher concentrations of vitamins A and E derived from their diet. Furthermore, the higher concentrations of niacin and riboflavin in wheat than in maize may enhance coccidial pathogenicity. These opposing factors might combine to cause equivalent infection levels to produce more severe coccidiosis in chickens fed on a wheat-based diet than on a maize-based diet. 相似文献