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通过直接观察和摄像机同步记录的方式．观测大华丽蜾赢[Deltapetiolata（Fabricius）]的筑巢与育幼行为,包括选址、取水、取泥、筑巢、产卵、捕虫和封口等环节。结果表明,大华丽蜾赢一天的活动时间为8：00～18：00．完成1穴需要制作和搬运15～18个泥球,单次取泥时间为33～75s,单次取水时间为15～22s。筑巢耗费1个泥球的时间为41～209s,单穴储存2～4只夜蛾幼虫;每天筑l穴,连筑8穴,每穴产卵1粒．共8粒,幼虫发育30d左右,2只破巢而出,羽化为成虫,其余被寄生而未能完成发育。同时,成功地获得了包括巢内行为在内的视频记录。 相似文献
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在江苏省徐州市云龙湖观察了黑水鸡(Gallinula chloropus L.)的营巢、产卵、孵化过程,测定了黑水鸡雏鸟阶段的几个生长指标。结果表明,黑水鸡的营巢期从5月初至5月末,巢营建于芦苇[Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud.]和水烛(Typha angustifolia L.)丛下部,并以芦苇和水烛茎叶织巢;巢底距离水面(10.7±5.4)cm,巢-岸距离(7.38±2.18)m,巢-敞水区距离(2.58±2.13)m;巢密度为0.25~0.40个/100 m~2;巢深(5.5±1.3)cm,巢内面积(241.4±79.6)cm~2;窝卵数(8.9±3.1)个,卵体积(20.15±2.57)cm~3,卵重(20.72±2.46)g;窝卵数与巢内面积呈正相关(r=0.678 5),窝卵数与总卵重呈正相关(r=0.941 8);孵化期为20~21 d,孵化率大于90%;各项形体指标随发育日龄而增长,其中体重增幅逐渐大于体长。由此对黑水鸡栖息地的管理和保护提出了建议。 相似文献
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对昆明动物园内干香柏树上营巢的野生小白鹭进行研究,测算其最低适宜营巢枝干和实际最低营巢枝干占树高的百分比,并检测两者的差异显著性。结果表明,实际营巢高度与适宜营巢高度占树高百分比存在显著差异,可能因为亲鸟为避免来自地面的干扰,选择离地较高的位置繁育后代。通过分析坠落鸟巢的构成材料,发现其由268根植物枝条构成,其中91%为干香柏,与主要营巢树一致,说明此地可能由于提供丰富的营巢材料而被鹭群选择成为繁殖地。建议公园积极加强野生涉禽的科学管理,降低繁殖区内及周边的干扰。 相似文献
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The maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) is an endemic bird of Sulawesi that lays eggs in communal nesting grounds incubated by solar or geothermal sources. In recent years, maleo nesting grounds have become increasingly vulnerable to threats associated with the growing human population of the island. Consequently, the maleo has become one of the most imperiled bird species in Indonesia and is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. We report on the 2004 status of maleo nesting grounds in North Sulawesi focusing on the Bogani Landscape, the region in and around Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, where the nesting grounds are concentrated. We compare our results to those of a similar study in 1990-1991, examining changes in nesting ground status in relation to habitat and land use factors such as protection status, geographic position (coastal or inland), and distance to forest, human settlements, and roads. Nesting grounds were more likely to be abandoned if they were: (a) in coastal areas; (b) near settlements and roads; and (c) not in protected areas. Binary logistic regression identified connectivity between nesting grounds and forest in 1991 as the best predictor of whether or not sites were abandoned by maleo over the next 12 years; a loss of local continuity between nesting grounds and forest is associated with a sixfold increase in the probability of abandonment. Access to forest was itself highly correlated with other variables examined, and thus represented a composite index of threats to maleo. The application of this model to the 2004 data identified six active nesting grounds that are at high risk of abandonment in the near future, seven at intermediate risk, and five at low risk. These results offer conservationists priorities for future maleo conservation. 相似文献
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两种山雀巢地选择的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对大山雀（Ｐａｒｕｓ ｍ，ａｊｏｒ）和沼泽山雀（Ｐ．ｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓ）巢地选择中１７个生态因子作了比较研究。通过逐乡判别分析得知：两种山雀在９个环境因子中都以平均树高，中心上层植物盖度和树种多样性三个生态因子判别力最强，为主要环境因子；两种山城８个洞因子中都以洞口短径，洞口内径和洞底短径三个生态因子判别力最强，为主要洞因子。 相似文献
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本文研究了太白山锐齿栎景观林带树干基部筑巢的两种蚂蚁的筑巢生态学及其巢内真菌的组成。研究结果表明:亮腹黑褐蚁Formica gagatoides Ruzsky是锐齿栎林中的优势蚁种,可在地表及树干上活动,主要取食栎树枝条上蚜虫所分泌的蜜露及其他昆虫和植物材料;盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster sp.仅在蚁巢周围活动,捕食其他小型昆虫;亮腹黑褐蚁F.gagatoides蚁巢材料含水量非常高,而盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster sp.的蚁巢较为干燥。锐齿栎林中树干的平均蚁栖率为20.3%,但蚁栖率随海拔差异而不同(海拔1800m的锐齿栎林带蚁栖率仅为6%,海拔1600m的锐齿栎林带蚁栖率高达38.5%)。两种蚂蚁的长期营巢活动造成树干基部腐朽、孔洞不断扩大,严重影响锐齿栎树干的水分、营养传输及生长,且极易倒伏和风折。两种蚂蚁巢内及其体表真菌的种类组成明显不同,从亮腹黑褐蚁F.gagatoides蚁巢材料中可分离出7种真菌,而从盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster sp.巢中仅分离出2种;从亮腹黑褐蚁F.gagatoides体表可分离出4种真菌,而从盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster sp.体表分离到3种真菌;其中Tri... 相似文献
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对云龙湖黄苇鳽(Ixobrychus sinensis)的筑巢、产卵、孵化进行了研究,并测定了黄苇鳽雏鸟阶段的几个生长指标。结果表明,黄苇鳽的筑巢期从5月下旬至6月下旬,巢用水烛叶织,并营建于水烛丛中上部;巢底距离水面1.16±0.29 m,巢-岸距离10.7±3.87 m,巢-敞水区距离2.25±1.01 m;同域巢间距平均为37.5 m;巢深4.0±0.9 cm,巢内面积161.1±48.1 cm~2;窝卵数4.6±0.9个,卵体积6.75±0.51 cm~3,卵重9.41±0.73 g;窝卵数与总卵重呈正相关,窝卵数与巢内面积相关性不显著,窝总卵重与巢内面积相关性也不显著;孵化期为15~18 d,孵化率约为82%;各项形体指标随发育日龄而增长,其中翅长增长较快。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT1. Prolactin hormone (governed by the PRL gene) is secreted by the anterior pituitary of animals, which combines with its receptor (prolactin receptor, PRLR) to act on target cells. Both PRL and PRLR are mainly associated with reproductive performance. The genetic mechanism of nesting in poultry is not yet clear, and so the aim of the current study was to determine expression patterns of PRL and PRLR at different times across the breeding stages of black Muscovy ducks.2. In this study, the CDS regions of PRL and PRLR were determined by RACE sequencing. The expression levels of PRL and PRLR in the pituitary, ovary and uterus from the black Muscovy duck were compared and analysed during the pre-laying, laying and nesting periods.3. The results showed that PRL and PRLR are highly homologous in a variety of poultry species. The expression of the PRL gene in the pituitary was the highest, which was significantly higher than seen in the ovary and uterus. This trend ran through the entire prenatal period, i.e. the laying period and the nesting period. The expression level of the PRLR gene in the pituitary and ovary was generally low, and expression in the uterus was the highest. There was no significant difference in expression of the PRLR gene between pituitary and ovary during different periods, but the expression level of the PRLR gene in the uterus reached its highest level during the nesting stage, which was significantly higher than seen in the early laying period. 相似文献
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对北京大学校园内银杏树分布及喜鹊营巢情况进行了调查。调查表明:北京大学银杏树的喜鹊营巢率明显低于落叶乔木的喜鹊平均营巢率。建议绿化部门在种植银杏树时,把喜鹊的营巢喜好考虑在内,注意保护校园里的古银杏树,而且配置时应以混植、对植为主。 相似文献