Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity          下载免费PDF全文

Peter M. Kiffney  Ben Cram  Paul L. Faulds  Karl Burton  Michele Koehler  Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1037-1053

To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance.  相似文献   

Effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed a concentrate diet     

Ken-ichi HORIGUCHI  Toshiyoshi TAKAHASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(1):41-46

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in steers fed a concentrate diet at maintenance level. Animals were dosed three Rumen Faibu (RF) per head through the rumen fistulae (RF treatment) and not dosed (control) in a change‐over design. The organic cell wall content of the concentrate diet was 12.7% of dry matter. Daily time spent on rumination was very short in both treatments with 24 min in RF treatment and 15 min in control. The turnover rate of ruminal fluid in RF treatment was higher than that in control. There were no differences in ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration between RF treatment and control. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were not different between the treatments. Propionic acid concentration tended to be higher in the animals on RF treatment than in control animals. The RF dosing in Holstein steers fed a low fiber diet did not affect the rumination time, but increased rumen digesta passage rate and ruminal propionic acid production.  相似文献   

Movement patterns of seaward migrating European eel (Anguilla anguilla) at a complex of riverine barriers: implications for conservation          下载免费PDF全文

Adam T. Piper  Jon C. Svendsen  Rosalind M. Wright  Paul S. Kemp 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(1):87-98

River infrastructure such as weirs and hydropower stations commonly present migrating fish with multiple potential passage routes. Knowledge of the cues fish use to navigate such environments is required to protect migrants from hazardous areas and guide them towards safe passage; however, this is currently lacking for many species. Employing high‐resolution positioning telemetry, this study examined movements of downstream migrating adult European eel, Anguilla anguilla, as they encountered a complex of water control structures in one location on the River Stour, southern England. The distribution of eels across five potential routes of passage differed from that predicted based on proportion of discharge alone. Certain routes were consistently avoided, even when the majority of flow passed through them. Passage distribution was partially explained by avoidance in the vicinity of a floating debris boom. Movement paths were nonrandomly distributed across the forebay and eels moved predominantly within a zone 2–4 m from the channel walls. Understanding of avoidance and structure oriented movementation exhibited by eels will help advance effective guidance and downstream passage solutions for adults.  相似文献   

泵站新型箱涵式出水流道三维湍流数值模拟研究     

陈松山  何钟宁  周正富  潘光星  严登丰 《灌溉排水学报》2007,26(5):18-21

采用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程(RANS)和标准k-ε湍流模型,运用SIMPLEC算法,数值模拟了新型箱涵式出水流道5种不同喇叭管悬空高度和无喇叭管方案、4种不同后壁距以及3种不同后壁型线流道内流场,预测了旋涡发生位置和形态,分析了流道纵向剖面、喇叭口及出水柱状面上速度分布规律。数值计算得出了各方案流道摩阻系数,并与试验结果进行了比较,提出了新型箱涵式出水流道优化设计方法。  相似文献   

湖北省新滩口泵站装置模型试验研     

李江云  胡少华  王成云  周慧娟 《中国农村水利水电》2007,(7):63-68

针对湖北省新滩口泵站钟型流道和28CJ56轴流泵运行振动噪音大、效率低、电机负荷率低等问题，基于全流道数值仿真推荐模型试验方案（簸箕型及钟II型方案），进行泵站装置模型试验。通过对实测结果的分析，进行关于装置运行安全、效率以及工程改造可行性、工程量等方面的比较，最后提出该站更新改造方案。  相似文献   

超小型叶栅空化流场试验研究     

张瑶  周志杰  罗先武  许洪元 《农业机械学报》2014,45(9):119-124

采用弦长为14 mm的超小型Clark-Y叶栅,进行了多种空化数下的空化试验以探讨超小尺度下的空化机理和空化尺度效应。通过试验结果的分析,发现随着空化数降低,超小型叶栅的空化发展可分为空化初生、片状空化、云状空化、超空化几个阶段。通过与超小型翼型空化流场比较,发现由于受翼型间相互作用的影响,栅中翼型的空穴形态在各个空化阶段均表现为薄且狭长,空化发展相对滞后。  相似文献   

叶片角度对输水泵站泵装置水力性能影响分析     

施伟  成立 《排灌机械工程学报》2020,38(4):372-377

为研究输水泵站泵装置水力性能受叶片角度变化的影响,采用CFD方法模拟全流道泵装置水力性能,分析设计流量工况下叶片角度变化对进水流道、出水流道流动及叶轮内部流动特性和水力性能的影响.结果表明:在设计流量工况下,叶片角度偏离设计工况角度,叶轮进口近轮毂区存在回流、脱流;叶片角度偏离设计工况角度越大,进水流道、出水流道内水流流态越差,水力损失越大.当叶片角度调节为-8°工况时,与叶片角度-0°工况比较,进水流道和出水流道水力损失相对值最大,分别为1.28和2.89.即叶片同等偏离角度下,出水流道水力损失增大幅度较进水流道更加明显.对比数值模拟结果与模型试验结果得出,在设计流量工况,叶片角度为0°时,扬程相对误差为1.2%,效率相对误差为2.1%,两者吻合较好.  相似文献   

甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒连续传代的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

席景会  潘洪玉  李国勋 《吉林农业大学学报》1998,(4)

对甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ ＭｂＮＰＶ） 在同源寄主细胞系ＮＥＡＵＭｂ９３１１０４（ Ｍｂ９３１１０４） 中的生长特性进行了研究。结果表明,无包涵体游离病毒（ ＭｂＮＰＶ＿ＮＯＶ） 在接种后１４ ｈ 达到吸收高峰,病毒滴度降到最低值５－７９ ×１０２ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍ Ｌ,接种病毒９６ ｈ,病毒滴度达到最高值２－１３ ×１０５ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍＬ,在ＮＯＶ（ｎｏｎｏｃｃｌｕｄｅｄ ｖｉｒｕｓ） 连续传递２０ 代的过程中,ＭｂＮＰＶ＿ＮＯＶ 毒力随传递代数的增加而减低,并且多角体的毒力也发生了显著的变化,前几代能使甘蓝夜蛾幼虫死亡率在９０ ％ 以上,传递到１５ 代以后产生的多角体对甘蓝夜蛾的幼虫几乎没有毒力。  相似文献   

燕麦DNA导入普通小麦的初步研究   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14  

刘萍  李树华 《麦类作物学报》2000,20(4):6-11

以健壮燕麦（Ａｖｅｎａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）为供体,宁春４号小麦为受体,采用花粉管通道法进行外源ＤＮＡ导入。结果表明,变异株系在生育期、株高、穗长、结实小穗数、千粒重等性状上产生了明显的变异;酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶谱带数与受体相比增加或减少,叶绿素含量和瞬间光合速率偏向供体或受体;并筛选到对小麦条锈病免疫或高抗的部分变异株,表明燕麦ＤＮＡ已导入到小麦中,并得到表达。  相似文献   

Non‐salmonids in a salmonid fishway: what do 50 years of data tell us about past and future fish passage?     

M. MALLEN-COOPER  & D. A. BRAND 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2007,14(5):319-332

Abstract  Salmonid fishways have been used in many countries for non-salmonid fishes, including Australia, but generally with poor results. Trapping the entrance and exit of a 1:9 gradient salmonid fishway on the Murray River confirmed very poor passage of native fish, with <1% of the most abundant species ascending. Fifty years of fish passage monitoring showed the numbers of three native species declining by 95–100% and non-native fish becoming dominant. Fishways are now being designed for native fish and being quantitatively assessed, but daily flow management also needs to be addressed. The ecological model for passage of potamodromous fishes has changed from passing adults of a few species to one that incorporates the whole fish community, specifically: immature fish of large-bodied species that dominate numbers migrating upstream; a diverse range of movement strategies; and small-bodied species, crustaceans and low numbers of less-mobile species.  相似文献