天目蜜李丰产技术研究     

王陈顺  李雪涛 《浙江林业科技》2001,21(5):47-49

配置一定比例授粉树种，是提高授粉效果获得丰产的基础。授粉树比例幼龄期高于成龄期，授粉树花期应与天目蜜李基本一致、果形近似、品质好、抗性强的优良品种，这样才能确保果品的质量与产量。  相似文献   

木棉雄蕊特征与其繁殖策略的关系分析     

罗晓滔  胡世俊  马焕成 《林业调查规划》2020,45(2):143-148

采用野外观察和实验室检测方法,对云南省个旧市冷墩村的木棉花部结构、雄蕊特征、花粉活性进行研究。结果表明,自然种群中花部形态特征具有一定变异性,3层雄蕊变异系数大小关系显著。在湿度为60%、温度为35℃时花粉活性最强。研究发现,木棉雄蕊长短变化可能有利于不同传粉生物传粉效率提高和增强适应性;木棉高层雄蕊花药个体大、花粉数量多、活性高,适应干热河谷传粉繁殖条件;温度较低时,底层花药花粉活力相对较高,可为逆境环境下木棉高层花药受损后提供后备花粉源。文章就木棉花部形态与繁殖关系、木棉形态及花粉活力对繁殖的影响进行讨论。  相似文献   

梨不同品种授粉特性的研究     

李琛  朱京涛 《湖南农业科学》2015,(4)

选用中梨一号、秋黄、八月酥、西子绿、丰水5个梨优良品种进行自花及异花授粉,研究其落花落果及坐果特性。结果表明,不同品种自花授粉的坐果率不一样,中梨一号、秋黄、八月酥自花授粉不结实,而丰水自花授粉的坐果率最高,为37.69%。不同授粉品种对落花落果和坐果率的影响也不同,坐果率与落花落果率呈极显著负相关,坐果率与花粉量呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

Comparative morphology of the digestive system of 19 species of Southern African myomorph rodents in relation to diet and evolution     

M.R. Perrin  B.A. Curtis 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):22-33

Trends in digestive system-morphology have been examined in 19 species of Southern African myomorph rodents. Structure was related to function, diet, and evolution. Characters related to an ancestral proteinaceous diet, and specialized characters associated with herbivory, were recognized. All stomachs were of the unilocular hemiglandular type with increasing degrees of cornification of the corpus, although the stomach of Saccostomus compestris approached the bilocular discoglandular condition. Those of Thallomys paedulcus and Mystromys albicaudatus were highly modified in containing numerous papillae in the corpus, possibly associated with gastric fermentation. The most complex caeca, of the herbivorous Otomyids, possessed numerous haustra and internal papillae probably associated with caecal microbial fermentation.  相似文献   

野生樱桃资源在甜樱桃人工授粉中的应用探讨     

王克耀  曹斌  卜有山  谈能俊  韦军 《中国果业信息》2021,50(6)

以3种野生樱桃资源为供试材料,比较了花粉烘制方式和贮藏温度对供试材料花粉萌芽率的影响,评价了供试材料花粉对甜樱桃品种座果率的影响。结果表明：常温干燥皿烘制花粉萌发率显著高于培养箱烘制;水+10mg/L硼酸+20%蔗糖为测定供试材料花粉活力的适宜培养基;毛樱桃、中国樱桃、‘黄蜜’花粉在4℃冷藏30天的萌发率均高于40%;毛樱桃、中国樱桃和山樱桃花粉与3个甜樱桃品种的异花授粉平均坐果率可达到40%。作者认为,供试野生樱桃资源的花粉萌发和贮藏特性,以及与甜樱桃品种的异花授粉亲和性与供试甜樱桃品种花粉类似,在甜樱桃人工授粉中具有较大的应用价值。  相似文献   

密斯蒂蓝莓花粉形态及授粉亲和性观察     

李菊馨  黄桂香  汤狄华  苏美玲  周彩霞  周之珞  秦霞 《中国果业信息》2017,46(5)

摘要：以密斯蒂蓝莓为试材,进行花粉粒电镜扫描及自花授粉和异花授粉试验,观察花粉管萌发及生长动态荧光显微,调查不同授粉方式的坐果率,测定果实品质。结果表明,密斯蒂花粉形态均为四合花粉,呈四面体排列,近似圆角三角形,极轴*赤道轴为28.5*26.02μm;荧光显微观察发现自花授粉和异花授粉8h花粉开始在柱头萌发,14h有大量花粉萌发,花粉管进入花柱;24h花粉管进到花柱底部;48h花粉管进入胚珠,到达胚囊,完成双受精,自花授粉和异花授粉均有较好的亲和性;密斯蒂异花授粉坐果率最高,两种授粉方式果实品质无显著差异。  相似文献   

梨树省力化液体授粉技术     

齐开杰  陶书田  吴巨友  张绍铃 《中国果业信息》2017,46(3)

梨属于自花授粉不结实性果树,生产中多采用配置授粉树或人工授粉等方法进行授粉,但易受气候变化或作业时间短、人工成本高等影响,造成授粉受精不良。我中心研发了一种梨树液体授粉方法,并通过多年的推广应用实践,已形成一项成熟的梨树省力化液体授粉技术。本文主要介绍该技术的实施方法与注意事项。  相似文献   

丹参开花与繁育特性研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

宋振巧  王建华  王洪刚  赵夫娟  郝力武 《园艺学报》2009,36(6):905-910

 通过田间观察和人工授粉等方法, 对丹参( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. ) 的开花生物学和繁育特性进行了初步研究。结果表明: 丹参为无限开花植物, 总状花序上通常有两性花近50朵, 单花花期5～7d, 从花前2 d到开花6 h花粉活力和柱头可授性都较大, 两者有效可遇期约为1.5 d, 可同花自交; 丹参自交结实和自然结实主要是通过同株异花传粉获得; 结合花粉/胚珠比、杂交指数以及繁育处理的结果认为,丹参不存在无融合生殖, 繁育类型为兼性异交, 自交亲和, 需要传粉者; 传粉媒介主要是蜂类。初步推断丹参为常异花授粉植物, 并对丹参育种中适宜采用的杂交方法及育种途径进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Enhanced kernel set promoted by synchronous pollination determines a tradeoff between kernel number and kernel weight in temperate maize hybrids     

Martín Uribelarrea  Jorgelina Cárcova  Lucas Borrás  María E. Otegui 《Field Crops Research》2008

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield is strongly related to the number of harvested kernels, where kernel number can be increased by synchronously pollinating silks rather than allowing them to be progressively pollinated as they naturally appear from the husks. However, there is scarce evidence on how this practice affects kernel weight (KW) and plant grain yield (PGY), and no report exists on its effects when combined with treatments aimed to reduce apical dominance, like male sterility and detasseling. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons (Exp₁ and Exp₂) using two hybrids, cropped at contrasting stand densities (3 and 9 plants per m²) and including (i) male-fertile and male-sterile versions, (ii) tasseled and detasseled plants, and (iii) natural (NP) and synchronous pollination (SP; pollen added manually to ears bagged 5 days after initial silking) systems. Tassel growth of sterile and fertile versions was also evaluated in a separate experiment (Exp₃). Detasseling increased the number of ears per plant reaching silking (P < 0.001) of NP plants, but this beneficial effect of reduced apical dominance did not improve kernel number per plant (KNP) or PGY. Similarly, the early arrest of anther growth in male-sterile plants had no clear benefit on KNP. In contrast, KNP was enhanced by synchronous pollination (range between −13% and +71%; average of +15.4% in Exp₁ and +3.9% in Exp₂). However, this pollination system promoted a decreased in KW (range between −30% and +4%; average of −11.8% in Exp₁ and −7.8 in Exp₂) such that the treatment had no effect on PGY (range between −19% and +37%; average of +1% in Exp₁ and −4% in Exp₂). Because plant growth rate around flowering was not different between pollination treatments, assimilate availability per kernel was reduced from ovary fertilization onwards in synchronously pollinated plants when compared to open pollinated plants. This explains the reduced KW when increasing KNP by synchronous pollination. In summary, none of the imposed treatments allowed grain yield to be increased at the plant level.  相似文献   

多旋翼无人机辅助籼粳杂交稻制种授粉研究     

翁晓星  徐锦大  赵晋  黄赟  边晓东  王建军 《中国农机化学报》2022,43(9):24

水稻是浙江省最主要的粮食作物,而籼粳杂交稻品种已成为浙江省的主要水稻种植品种类型。但籼粳杂交稻制种是一种劳力密集型技术,其中水稻授粉阶段主要依靠人工采用绳索、竹竿或木杆振动父本和自然风力辅助授粉。随着近年来中国农用无人机的发展与研究,为杂交水稻制种辅助授粉机械化提供了可能。以四旋翼无人机为例,通过田间授粉试验、花粉密度观测、结实率测算,考察农用无人机和人工拉绳的授粉效果。结果显示,无人机辅助授粉与人工拉绳相比效果相当,即花粉统计为95个/视野左右,平均结实率为27%左右。但无人机辅助授粉效率是人工的10倍以上,节约50%的人力成本,同时克服种植地形环境等困难,有助于机械化水平的提升。  相似文献