设施畜牧业关键技术研究态势分析     

孙艺伟  任妮  郭婷  戴红君 《农业图书情报学刊》2021,33(10):87-97

[目的/意义]目前中国畜牧业正处于加快转型的重要时期,了解相关技术的发展态势对于畜牧业的发展具有一定的借鉴意义。[方法/过程]本文以设施畜牧业领域技术研发的3个主要方向：笼舍技术、饲喂饮水技术和环境控制技术的相关专利为研究对象,利用专利计量的方法对其发展趋势、技术分支、申请人、各阶段重点专利等进行了分析。[结果/结论]笼舍、饲喂饮水和环境控制技术发展同步经历了萌芽期、波动发展期、快速发展期3个阶段,当前申请量呈现直线上升的态势;技术研发主体以企业为主,各研发单位之间技术布局差异性明显;近些年重点专利中的国内专利明显增多;笼舍技术方面装置研发均侧重于粪尿清除、垫板等技术;饲喂饮水技术方面饲喂技术的研究多于饮水技术,且均侧重于研发自动化设备;环境控制技术侧重于废弃物处理技术、空气调节技术和房舍清洁刷洗技术。  相似文献   

家禽核酸疫苗的研究进展     

杨晓燕  罗薇  岳华  杨发龙 《四川畜牧兽医》2002,29(4):33-34

核酸疫苗是当今疫苗研究的最前沿领域，本文就核酸疫苗在家禽传染病中的应用做一综述。  相似文献   

鸡舍环境耐药细菌气溶胶及其向环境传播的研究   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

柴同杰  赵云玲  刘文波  刘辉 《中国预防兽医学报》2003,25(3):209-214

通过对舍内粪便、空气和舍外环境(10、50、100m)中的空气分离到的细菌鉴定，包括细菌DNA分子生物学检测及药物敏感实验以及细菌含量统计学分析，证明三者之间存在着内在联系；舍内环境微生物气溶胶包括耐药细菌通过舍内外气体交换排往鸡舍周围环境，舍周边环境在一定范围内受到生物污染。研究显示，在粪便、舍内空气、舍外环境10、50、100m空气中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌80％以上对氯霉素(CMP)和对苯唑青霉素(OXA)耐药；粪便和舍内外环境空气中的80％以上的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌对氨苄青霉素(AMP）、氯霉素(CMP)、头孢唑啉(CFZ)均为抑制。证明该鸡舍曾经使用过这些药物治疗或作为添加剂在饲料中添加，鸡群产生了耐药细菌菌株，并向环境传播。测量数据统计结果指出，十里河鸡场鸡舍内环境空气中的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌与舍外环境中相应菌群含量比较差异显著或极显著(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)，但舍外10、50、100m之间的相应菌群比较差异不显著(P＞0．05)，这说明鸡舍内环境细菌气溶胶含量产生多，含量高，菌源强度大；另一方面，反应了鸡舍内环境微生物气溶胶包括耐药细菌能向舍外环境扩散，位舍外环境在一定的范围内受到动物源性生物污染，影响范围大于100m。通过对鸡舍环境微生物气溶胶来源的探讨发现，粪便中的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌与舍内空气相应菌群数量关系比较，呈现正相关(r=0.99)。这从一个侧面揭示了粪便可能是微生物气溶胶的主要来源。  相似文献   

异黄酮植物雌激素在家禽生产中的作用     

张响英  唐现文  徐椿慧 《中国饲料》2005,(18):22-24

异黄酮植物雌激素广泛分布于植物界,其生理活性多种多样。它具有促进家禽生长,提高产蛋性能等作用,但对其作用机制目前尚未完全明确。本文综述了近年来有关异黄酮植物雌激素在家禽生产方面的研究概况。  相似文献   

面向循环经济的畜禽养殖发展思路   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

潘涌璋 《家畜生态》2004,25(4):8-10

本文阐述了循环经济的特征及其运行模式，分析了传统畜禽养殖业的污染现状及其原因，讨论了面向循环经济的畜禽养殖业应遵循的三大原则，即减量化、再利用和资源化，对畜禽养殖技术、废物利用技术进行了探讨，提出畜禽养殖业应该走循环经济的发展模式，通过研制生态饲料及废物综合利用，达到畜禽粪便的减量化、资源化和无害化。  相似文献   

生物安全与家禽疫病控制     

魏刚才王永强  张鉴月 《家畜生态》2004,25(4):17-20

疫病成为制约我国畜牧业发展的主要因素，要较好控制疫病必须推行生物安全措施。本文从生物安全概念、推行生物安全必要性、生物安全范围、生物安全难点及养鸡场生物安全措施进行了论述。  相似文献   

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌强毒株与弱毒株制备的蜂胶灭活疫苗免疫原性的比较试验     

沈志强  刘吉山  徐可利  李峰  吴信明  林初文  赵蕾 《中国兽药杂志》2004,38(5):14-16

用禽多杀性巴氏杆菌强毒株(C48-1)与弱毒株(G190E40和B26-T1200)制备的蜂胶灭活疫苗的免疫原性对比试验结果表明,强毒株C48-1制备的禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗的免疫效果显著高于弱毒株G190E40和B26-T1200,近期保护率相差20%～40%,3个月后相差40%～80%.强毒株C48-1的免疫原性显著高于弱毒株G190E40和B26-T1200,说明禽多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜上的毒力蛋白可能具有免疫原性.  相似文献   

Biochemical proximates of pumpkin (Cucurbitaeae spp.) and their beneficial effects on the general well‐being of poultry species          下载免费PDF全文

M. C. Achilonu  I. C. Nwafor  D. O. Umesiobi  M. M. Sedibe 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):5-16

There is a growing need to increase productivity in poultry. Growth hormones and antibiotics have the ability to improve health, weight gain and feed efficiency in meat‐producing animals. The growth‐promoting antibiotics are administered to poultry to improve the general performance of the chicken. However, the use of the xenobiotic drugs in food‐producing animals has been a concern and a sensitive issue of debate for several decades in the EU and many other regional blocks of the world. Consequently, the use of hormones in animal production has been banned in Italy, Denmark and Germany for over 4–5 decades, while Belgium and Greece had never permitted its use for livestock fattening purposes. Bioactive phytochemicals exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, antifungal and anti‐inflammatory properties and consequently have several beneficial effects on appetite, growth and the immune status of the animal. In South Africa, different species of pumpkin are produced for food due to their high nutrient content. The flesh serves as a traditional food, while the seeds and peels are commonly discarded. Pumpkin seed extract is reported to be useful for immunomodulation, reproductive health, therapeutics over a wide range of disease conditions and stimulates metabolism of accumulated fats. Studies have also shown that pumpkin seeds are a valuable source of protein and fat. Their complexity and extent of bioactivity offers sustainable prospects for natural control of pathogenic/parasitic organisms, stimulate nutrition or enhance resistance to disease infections, and reduce abdominal fat and serum levels of harmful lipids, while increasing serum levels of beneficial lipids.  相似文献   

On farm observations to increase genetic gain in breeding schemes for village poultry production – A simulation study     

Thinh Tuan Chu  John W.M. Bastiaansen  Elise Norberg  Peer Berg 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(1):1-10

To improve genetic gain of breeding programs for village poultry production, breeding schemes with observations obtained in village production systems using individual (VIO) and group recording (VGO) were examined under different levels of genotype-by-environment-interactions (GxE). GxE was modeled by varying the correlation between traits measured in the breeding station and village environments for bodyweight (r_{g_BW}) and egg production (r_{g_EP}). Relative and absolute genetic gains obtained from VIO and VGO were used for comparison between the schemes. Results showed that village observations significantly improved genetic gains compared to the scheme without birds tested in the village. The improvement was only slightly larger with individual observations than with group observations. Higher r_{g_BW} and r_{g_EP} led to lower relative genetic gain, but a higher absolute gain of VIO and VGO. It is recommended to apply a breeding scheme using group recording of village performance when strong GxE in breeding for village poultry is expected.  相似文献   

Salmonella Gallinarum field isolates and its relationship to vaccine strain SG9R     

P. K. V. Koerich  E. Balestrin  V. Tagliari  P. G. Hoepers  C. Ueira-Vieira 《British poultry science》2018,59(2):154-159

1. The aim of the present study was to determine if the 9R-strain of the Salmonella Gallinarum live vaccine was responsible for having fowl typhoid outbreaks in chicken flocks from both chicken and turkey breeders as well as to verify the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates from the outbreaks.

2. The triplex polymerase chain reaction, standard antimicrobial test, beta-lactamase genes identification and Ion Torrent PMG whole-genome sequence were used in the field isolates and in the vaccine strain of S. Gallinarum.

3. The 60 tested isolates were not from vaccine origin and manifested high resistance to drugs from macrolide and quinolone groups. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis on selected isolates for core genes from Salmonella enterica confirmed the wild origin of these isolates and showed two possible sources of S. Gallinarum in the studied outbreaks.

4. S. Gallinarum isolated from fowl typhoid outbreaks in the studied period were not caused by the use of the SG9R live vaccine. The source of strains sequenced was diverse.  相似文献