Short‐term releases of CO2 from newly mixed biochar and calcareous soil          下载免费PDF全文

R. Cardelli  M. Becagli  F. Marchini  A. Saviozzi 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(4):543-545

The work aimed to quantify native organic C mobilized in one calcareous soil in the 21 days after addition of biochar at a range of large to very large applications. The experiment was carried out in unplanted microcosms, and CO₂ flux was used as a measure of net mineralization. A rapid methodological approach, which does not require ¹³C as a tracer, was used to assess any priming effects induced by the biochar. The amount of CO₂‐C mobilized was small relative to the amount of biochar C and proportional to the amount of the biochar added. The additional CO₂‐C was similar to the content of the water‐soluble organic carbon in the biochar added with each application. No interaction with native soil C, that is priming effect, was observed.  相似文献   

沙引发对紫花苜蓿种子盐逆境下发芽及幼苗生理生化变化的影响   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15  

解秀娟  胡晋 《种子》2003,(4):5-6

试验以紫花苜蓿品种维多利亚和金皇后种子为材料，研究了沙引发处理对高盐(0．8％NaCl)逆境下种子发芽及幼苗生理生化变化的影响。结果表明，沙引发处理能显著提高紫花苜蓿两个品种种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数，缩短平均发芽时间，显著增加幼苗干重，同时提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性，减少丙二醛(MDA)的积累。说明沙引发提高了紫花苜蓿种子的活力和抗盐胁迫能力，促进了盐逆境下种子的萌发和幼苗生长。  相似文献   

微型自吸施涡管道泵的研制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沙毅  杨敬江  闻建龙 《排灌机械》2001,19(3):10-12

针对市场要求，构思了一种新型结构的旋涡管道泵。文章了阐述其工作原理、自吸机理及水力设计方法，通过对样机20GL1.5-10-0.25试验结果进行分析，验证了该泵的设计方面的可取性和独到性。  相似文献   

Effects of cultural methods and physical weed control on intrarow weed numbers, manual weeding and marketable yield in direct-sown leek and bulb onion     

B Melander  & G Rasmussen 《Weed Research》2001,41(6):491-508

Manual weeding of intrarow weeds in direct-sown leek and bulb onion crops grown organically can be very labour-intensive. Four field experiments, two in direct-sown leek and two in direct-sown bulb onion were made in this investigation to study the effects of physical and cultural methods on intrarow weed numbers, time consumption for hand-weeding and marketable yield parameters. The physical methods considered were: pre-emergence flaming and harrowing, and post-emergence hoeing close to the row (only leek) and vertical brush weeding. The cultural methods were: seed priming, slurry placement and cultivar choice (only leek). Generally, flaming plus brush weeding gave the highest intrarow weed control at 92% and 87%, respectively, in the two leek experiments and 39% (only brush weeding was effective) and 74%, respectively, in the two onion experiments. Time consumption for hand-weeding after the different treatments was linearly related to the remaining numbers of intrarow weeds, with no significant influences of the experimental factors on the general relationship. Generally, the cultural methods had no significant influence on the effects of physical weeding in terms of their effect against intrarow weeds. They did not affect the tolerance or robustness of the crop plants against negative impact from the physical control methods. However, generally, seed priming and cultivar choice did improve yield in the leek experiments and seed priming also did so in the one experiment with onion.  相似文献   

Carbon Fluxes from Different Pools in a Mined Area under Reclamation in Minas Gerais State,Brazil     

《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(2):507-514

Despite the benefits of grass cultivation and organic fertilization in mining areas undergoing reclamation, these practices may be associated to CO₂ emissions and soil organic matter (SOM) losses by priming effect. In the present study, we evaluated the changes on SOM pools and C–CO₂ emissions in a bauxite‐mined area under reclamation fertilized with poultry litter (PL) (0, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha⁻¹) and cultivated with Brachiaria brizantha . Increases of about 3·5 times in the soil labile C were observed 1 year after experiment establishment. High C–CO₂ fluxes and a significant positive priming effect were observed in the presence of B. brizantha , increasing native C mineralization by nearly 4·9 times. Nevertheless, no net soil C loss was detected, probably because of the C inputs derived from B. brizantha , which offset these losses. In fact, the grass increased total organic C by 45% when fertilized with 40 Mg PL ha⁻¹. The data obtained suggest that the cultivation of B. brizantha fertilized with PL can be a promising option for rapid recovery in SOM in areas under reclamation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Glycinebetaine Improves Chilling Tolerance in Hybrid Maize     

M. Farooq  T. Aziz  M. Hussain  H. Rehman  K. Jabran  & M. B. Khan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(2):152-160

Plant growth and development is hampered by various environmental stresses including chilling. We investigated the possibility of improving chilling tolerance in hybrid maize by glycinebetaine (GB) seed treatments. Maize hybrid (Hycorn 8288) seeds were soaked in 50, 100 and 150 mg l^?1 (p.p.m.) aerated solution of GB for 24 h and were dried back. Treated and untreated seeds were sown at 27 °C (optimal temperature) and at 15 °C (chilling stress) under controlled conditions. Germination and seedling growth was significantly hindered under chilling stress. Moreover, chilling stress significantly reduced the starch metabolism and relative water contents (RWC), and increased the membrane electrolyte leakage. However, activities of antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) were increased under stress conditions. Seed treatments with GB improved the germination rate, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, leaf and root scores, RWC, soluble sugars, α‐amylase activity and antioxidants significantly compared with untreated seeds under optimal and stress conditions. Induction of chilling tolerance was attributed to maintenance of high tissue water contents, reduced membrane electrolyte leakage, and higher antioxidant activities and carbohydrate metabolism. Seed treatment with 100 mg l^?1 GB was the best treatment for improving the performance of hybrid maize under normal and stress conditions compared with control and other levels used.  相似文献   

Crude glycerol,a biodiesel byproduct,used as a soil amendment to temporarily immobilise and then release nitrogen     

Mriganka De  John E. Sawyer  Marshall D. McDaniel 《European Journal of Soil Science》2022,73(3):e13241

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Improving the Field Emergence Performance of Super Sweet Corn by Sand Priming     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):359-364

Abstract

A priming method called sand priming was developed using sand as a priming solid matrix. The effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of five super sweet corn cultivars was investigated. Sand priming significantly improved field emergence performance of all super sweet corn cultivars, and there was marked improvement by priming at 20ºC for 24 hr. After sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr, field emergence percentage (FEP) of “Green Superman”, “Huatian 1”, “Yangtian 1”, “Mitian 8”, and “Chaotian 43” was increased by 52.1%, 37.5%, 38.0%, 40.9%, and 33.3%, respectively. Their field emergence speed (FES) was 2.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.8 times of the control, respectively. To further elucidate the effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of super sweet corn, we analyzed the membrane system integrity, α-amylase activity and protein content. Sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr improved membrane system integrity and α-amylase activity in all super sweet corn cultivars. Furthermore, sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr accelerated the degradation of embryo protein after 1 d germination in “Green Superman”.  相似文献   

黑籽南瓜种子基质引发适宜条件研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙小妹  雷虎  刘勇  陈年来 《中国瓜菜》2010,23(2):8-11

以黑籽南瓜种子为材料,研究了不同温度、处理时间和基质含水量对黑籽南瓜种子引发效果的影响。结果表明,基质引发处理能明显提高黑籽南瓜种子发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,明显减少种子平均发芽天数;基质引发温度明显提高幼苗干鲜质量和根体积等,而基质湿度对幼苗生长性状影响不显著。黑籽南瓜种子基质引发处理以5℃、基质湿度65%时激发种子活力的效果最好,在不同基质引发温度和湿度条件下,改变引发持续时间所产生的效果是不一样的。  相似文献   

种子盐引发对转基因抗虫棉耐盐性的影响   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

林君  孙玉强  吕有军  祝水金 《棉花学报》2006,18(6):338-341

以2个转基因抗虫陆地棉品种为材料,以其遗传背景品种为对照,研究种子引发对转基因抗虫棉在NaCl胁迫条件下的种子萌发和田间出苗的影响。结果表明,0.5%的NaCl处理显著地降低陆地棉种子发芽势和发芽率,其中转基因抗虫棉品种(中棉所41和浙905)的种子萌发和田间出苗率差于遗传背景亲本(中棉所23)。种子盐引发处理可以有效地缓解NaCl的胁迫作用,显著地提高种子的发芽势、发芽率和田间出苗率,显著地提高棉花种子的耐盐性。种子盐引发处理对转基因抗虫棉品种的效果优于非转基因抗虫棉的背景品种。引发剂种类对于其耐盐性的影响有一定的差异,以K2SO4的效果更好,且引发剂的浓度与引发时间之间存在着一定的互作效应,高浓度引发剂的处理时间宜短,而低浓度引发剂的处理时间应适当延长。  相似文献