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双唑草腈对双季水稻田杂草的防效及后茬作物的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过大田试验测定了双唑草腈及其与苄嘧磺隆、五氟磺草胺和扑草净混用对双季水稻田杂草的防效,并评价了双唑草腈对水稻及后茬作物的安全性。结果表明:2%双唑草腈GR对双季水稻田杂草具有良好的防治效果,210、315和420 g/hm~2处理药后30、45 d对禾本科杂草和阔叶类杂草的防效均在87%以上,低剂量140 g/hm~2处理药后30、45 d对双季水稻田禾本科杂草和阔叶类杂草防效均在75%以上。2%双唑草腈GR 140、210、315和420 g/hm~2处理对后茬作物小白菜、马铃薯、小麦、紫云英和冬季油菜生长安全。2%双唑草腈GR以140、210 g/hm~2分别与苄嘧磺隆或五氟磺草胺混用,药后30、45 d对禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草的防效均在93%以上,显著优于2%双唑草腈GR相应浓度的单剂处理,其中2%双唑草腈GR 210 g/hm~2+10%苄嘧磺隆WP 30 g/hm~2混用可以达到2%双唑草腈GR 315 g/hm~2处理的防治效果,且对水稻生长安全;单独施用50%扑草净WP 450 g/hm~2对双季稻田禾本科杂草的防效较差,其与2%双唑草腈GR混用后防效显著提高,但对水稻生长有较强的抑制作用。综上,双唑草腈及其与苄嘧磺隆、五氟磺草胺混用对双季水稻安全,可在双季水稻田推广应用。 相似文献
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Yingai Gui Wei Yu Xiangwu Ge Haiyan Li Chengpeng Sun Xiqin Mao Kuijing Yuan 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2022,47(1):1
Root exudates from Chinese celery (Apium graveolens) and Chinese cabbage (pak choi, Brassica chinensis) plants treated by prometryn, an herbicide, were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated and compared under hydroponic cultivation. Prometryn and its metabolites released into the nutrient solution were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometer to investigate whether this xylem-mobile herbicide is exuded from the roots. The results showed that celery and pak choi had different root exudation profiles. Celery metabolized prometryn to prometryn sulfoxide and released both compounds from the roots. In contrast, pak choi barely metabolized or actively released prometryn from the roots. The concentration of prometryn sulfoxide released from celery after 96 hr was 21 µg/L, which was nearly one-third that of released prometryn. Our results indicate that the root exudation and translocation of xylem-mobile herbicides could be significant in plants and are highly species dependent compared with phloem-mobile herbicides. 相似文献
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UPLC-MS/MS法检测稻米及土壤中扑草净除草剂的残留量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立检测稻米及土壤中扑草净的UPLC-MS/MS方法。稻米和土壤样品经乙腈和混合液提取,甲醇/二氯甲烷溶解,PSA固相萃取柱净化,氮气吹干后经UPLC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。建立了水稻及土壤中提取扑草净残留量的液相色谱-质谱/质谱测定方法。扑草净在稻米及土壤中的最低检测质量分数分别为0.01mg/kg;最小检出量5×10~11g;稻米添加回收率为82.7%~105.3%,土壤中添加回收率为79.6%~103.3%;稻米的RSD为2.6%~3.6%,土壤的RSD为3.2%~5.2%。建立方法准确、快速、灵敏度高,能够满足扑草净残留量分析的要求。 相似文献
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在前期筛选东当归地适宜化学除草剂扑草净的基础上,为了进一步了解扑草净的安全性,采用GC-MS法检测了东当归根中的扑草净残留量.结果表明:GC-MS法检测的扑草净添加回收率为83.5%-90.8%,相对标准差为0.55%-2.60%.残留测定结果显示,春季1年生东当归移栽地分别处理扑草净(40%)2和4 kg.hm-2,秋季收获(施药后152 d)后烘干的东当归根中扑草净残留量分别为0.0368和0.0464 mg.kg-1. 相似文献
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Vela Nuria Navarro Ginés Giménez M José Navarro Simón 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,158(1):3-19
The effect of light and temperature on the dissipation of four s-triazine herbicides (terbuthylazine, simazine, atrazine and prometryn) was studied in drinking and wastewaters during long-term laboratory incubation (4 months), and by comparing the results with those obtained in purified water (Milli-Q). Residues were analyzed by GC-NPD and confirmed by GC-MSD. A micro on-line method for isolating the herbicide residues was used. The results showed that temperature and light had a certain influence on the behaviour of the s-triazine herbicides. In drinking water, prometryn dissipated more rapidly than the other compounds under all laboratory conditions (t
1/2= 75–128 days), while atrazine showed the highest degree of persistence (t
1/2= 132–227 days). In general, atrazine was the least (t
1/2= 90–142 days) and simazine the most (t
1/2= 118–278 days) persistent compound in Milli-Q and wastewater. Only in the case of atrazine in drinking water was the remaining percentage at the end of the experiment higher than 50% (53–69%). Dissolved organic substances in wastewater (DOC, 53.3 mg l–1) appear to be particularly important in the photosensitization process. The time required to reach the maximum admissible concentration (MAC) according to European legislation (0.1 g l–1) ranged from 3 to 10 years for prometryn and atrazine, respectively, in drinking water depending on the used conditions. 相似文献
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为探究不同湿地植物配置对扑草净的去除效果,设置香根草和菖蒲生物量比例为1∶2、1∶1、2∶1及香根草和菖蒲单独种植共5个处理,以未种植植物的水体为对照,测定5 mg·L-1扑草净处理5、10、15、20、25、30 d时水体和植物体内的扑草净含量,并与单一植物处理相比较,分析不同植物搭配处理对扑草净的吸收去除效果。结果表明,3种不同生物量配置处理下水体中的扑草净含量均显著低于对照和单一植物的水体;从第5天开始,2种植物搭配处理的水体中扑草净的含量已开始低于单一植物的水体;第20天时,香根草和菖蒲生物量比为2∶1的处理水体中扑草净去除率达89.6%,残留的扑草净含量仅为0.52 mg·L-1,显著低于其他处理。香根草对扑草净的吸收能力优于菖蒲,以香根草为优势植物(生物量大)时对扑草净的吸收效果优于以菖蒲为优势植物的处理。综上所述,2种湿地植物搭配对扑草净的吸收和净化效果优于单一植物,其中香根草和菖蒲生物量比为2∶1的处理效果最佳。本研究为深入挖掘湿地植物对水体污染物的净化潜力提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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采用田间试验测定了60．8％异丙甲·乙氧·扑草净乳油（ EC）在花生田的除草效果及其对花生的安全性。结果表明：用该药剂在花生播后苗前进行土壤处理,对马唐、鸭跖草、马齿苋、藜等具有很好的效果,推荐使用剂量1368～1824 g/hm2,药后45 d的杂草株防效为81．73％～83．69％,鲜质量防效为81．77％～84．93％。此外发现,该药剂对花生具有较高的安全性,处理区花生未见叶片黄化、畸形或苗株矮化等药害症状。与空白对照相比,施用60．8％异丙甲·乙氧·扑草净EC后增产显著,同时增产效果优于对照药剂乙草胺,说明60．8％异丙甲·乙氧·扑草净EC对花生安全,且除草、增产效果显著。 相似文献
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腐植酸(HA)是水环境中一类重要的溶解性有机质,它能影响有机污染物对生物的急性毒性。以除草剂扑草净(Prometryn)作为目标污染物,模式生物斑马鱼(Danio rerio)作为受试生物,研究了扑草净对斑马鱼的96 h急性毒性以及HA存在下其对斑马鱼的毒性变化情况。结果显示,扑草净对斑马鱼的96 h半致死浓度(96 h LC50)为7.448 mg·L-1,95%置信区间为(7.032~7.971)mg·L-1。5 mg·L-1的HA对扑草净的毒性没有显著影响,但当扑草净浓度为8.5 mg·L-1时,15 mg·L-1的HA增加了其对斑马鱼的96 h累积死亡率,较同样扑草净浓度下无HA组高出40%。研究表明在较高扑草净浓度下,15 mg·L-1HA能增加其对斑马鱼的急性毒性,这可能是由于较高浓度(大于LC50值)的扑草净与HA共存时,减少污染物毒性的络合机制被其他能够引起毒性增加的机制所掩盖。 相似文献