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1.
南方山区草地资源的类型及开发利用途径 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
根据生态学的基本原理,对我国南方山区草地资源的特点进行了分析,从生态学类型上对该地区草地进行了划分,进而提出了南方山区草地开发利用的途径。 相似文献
2.
A long-term rangeland monitoring programme needs to employ a field survey technique that is practicable, precise, powerful enough to distinguish change, not prone to worker bias, and able to distinguish real change from operator error arising from staff turnover. These criteria were used to evaluate a widely used grassland sampling technique in South Africa – the nearest-plant (with 200 points) method (NP) – against common alternatives, namely NP excluding forbs (NP-nf), the plant number scale (PNS; a cover-abundance method) and quadrat frequency (QF), using multivariate ordination and permutation tests. Four trained teams surveyed four grasslands using each method. PNS took more than twice as long as the other techniques, which were similarly rapid. Estimates of composition using NP methods were the most precise and PNS was least repeatable, with QF intermediate. Compositional differences between sites were most finely distinguished using NP-nf, followed by NP and QF. PNS was able to detect only marked differences and had the greatest potential for surveyor bias. The NP method, with or without including forbs, is therefore recommended for monitoring the species composition of mesic, dense grassland. Some suggestions for monitoring agencies on how best to use multivariate methods are presented. 相似文献
3.
印楝素对中华稻蝗若虫呼吸作用的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
呼吸测定试验表明,以每头印楝素5.0μg点滴3龄中华稻蝗蝗蝻前胞背板,4hCO2释放量减少,抑制率达到33%。对6龄蝗蝻测定,处理后试虫CO2释出量降低,呼吸受到抑制,而且随着时间的推移,呼吸失去了节律,图线变得近于直线。点滴法与注射法,在前期呼吸影响有所不同,点滴法随着经过的时间,呼吸抑制率提高;而注射法48h呼吸抑制率才提高,到72h达到最高,其图形为U形。 相似文献
4.
Communal rangeland management policies in Botswana and Zimbabwe are based on incorrect technical assumptions about the stability of semiarid rangeland, the nature of rangeland degradation, and the benefits of destocking. Consequently, inappropriate policies, stressing the need to destock and stabilise the rangelands, are pursued. Acknowledgement of the great instability but intrinsic resilience of rangeland would encourage the Governments to more favourably regard the opportunistic stocking strategies of the agro-pastoralists of the Communal Areas. However, degradation of rangelands is occurring, although at varying rates. This justifies the promotion of a ‘tracking strategy’, in which livestock densities are encouraged to follow, more closely that at present, variations in rainfall. The establishment of grazing territories controlled by specific ‘communities’ may be a prerequisite for the promotion of the tracking strategy, and for communal rangeland management and improvement. However, the establishment of such territories must take into account social equity, institutional problems and transaction costs, as well as spatial and temporal variation in rangeland resources. 相似文献
5.
太白山南坡蝗虫群落数量分类及相似性分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
应用数量分类及相似性方法对秦岭太白山南坡蝗虫群落垂直分布样方资料进行了分析.结果表明,大体上可将太白山南坡蝗虫群落分为7种主要类型,即农耕带、常绿落叶阔叶混交林带、辽东栎杂木林带、桦木林带、冷杉林带、落叶松带、高山草甸带.太白山蝗虫群落垂直分布规律明显,其中高海拔的蝗虫种类数明显低于中低海拔.但低海拔的农耕带因人为干扰大,植被较单一,蝗虫的优势度和密度大,种类数较少. 相似文献
6.
青藏高原草地资源发展面临的问题及战略选择 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
青藏高原草地资源生态功能突出,同时也是这个独特高寒山区发展的重要依托资源.作为一个以牧区半牧区为主的民族区域,青藏高原实现可持续发展有着深远的地缘政治意义,在草地资源发展战略中,既要突出保护,又要在全国一盘棋的视角下加快草业产业化的发展,减轻草地资源的人口压力. 相似文献
7.
采用次序统计量方法,以1988~1999年环青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生程度资料和气候资料研究了蝗虫灾害等级与当地气候指标的定量关系,建立了春季和夏季预测模型,并以此对2000~2003年该地区蝗虫发生状况进行了预测试验。结果表明,敏感气候因子有:上年11~12月气温、3~6月温度及5~6月降水量等。春季预测模型中的指标为:(1)T11<-6℃;(2)T12<-10℃;(3)T3>-4℃;(4)T4>2℃。夏季预测模型中的指标为:(1)(T11+T12)/2<-8.5℃;(2)(T3+T4)/2>-1.5℃;(3)(T5+T6)>7.5℃;(4)(R5+R6)<48mm。当模型中有3个或4个指标满足,则当年可能发生严重蝗虫灾害,当没有或只有1~2个指标满足,则不会发生严重蝗虫灾害。 相似文献
8.
Scott J. Nissen Robert A. Masters W. Mack Thompson Robert N. Stougaard 《Pest management science》1995,45(4):325-329
Imazapyr absorption, translocation, root release and metabolism were examined in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Leafy spurge plants were propagated from root cuttings and [14C]imazapyr was applied to growth-chambergrown plants in a water + 28% urea ammonium nitrate + nonionic surfactant solution (98.75 + 1 + 0.25 by volume). Plants were harvested two and eight days after herbicide treatment (DAT) and divided into: treated leaf, stem and leaves above treated leaf, stem and leaves below the treated leaf, crown, root, dormant and elongated adventitious shoot buds. Imazapyr absorption increased from 62.5% 2 DAT to 80.0% 8 DAT. Herbicide translocation out of the treated leaf and accumulation in roots and adventitious shoot buds was apparent 2 DAT. By the end of the eight-day translocation period only 14% of applied 14C remained in the treated leaf, while 17% had translocated into the root system. Elongated and dormant adventitious shoot buds accumulated 3.2- and 1.8-fold more 14C, respectively, 8 DAT than did root tissue based on Bq g?1 dry weight. Root release of 14C was evident 2 DAT, and by 8 DAT 19.4% of the 14C reaching the root system was released into the rooting medium. There was no metabolism of imazapyr in crown, root or adventitious shoot buds 2 DAT; however, imazapyr metabolism was evident in the treated leaf 2 and 8 DAT. Imazapyr phytotoxicity to leafy spurge appears to result from high imazapyr absorption, translocation to underground meristematic areas (roots and adventitious shoot buds), and a slow rate of metabolism. 相似文献
9.
10.
《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(7):2030-2038
Rangelands are vital for wildlife conservation and socio‐economic well‐being, but many face widespread degradation because in part of poor grazing management practices. Planned grazing management, typically involving time‐controlled rotational livestock grazing, is widely touted as a tool for promoting sustainable rangelands. However, real‐world assessments of its efficacy have been lacking in communal pastoral landscapes globally, and especially in Africa. We performed landscape‐scale assessment of the effects of planned grazing on selected vegetation, wildlife, and cattle attributes across wide‐ranging communally managed pastoral rangelands in northern Kenya. We found that planned grazing enhanced vegetation condition through a 17% increase in normalized difference vegetation index, 45–234% increases in herbaceous vegetation foliar cover, species richness and diversity, and a 70% reduction in plant basal gap. In addition, planned grazing increased the presence (44%) and species richness (53%) of wild ungulates and improved cattle weight gain (>71%) during dry periods when cattle were in relatively poor condition. These changes occurred relatively rapidly (within 5 years) and despite grazing incursion incidents and higher livestock stocking rates in planned grazing areas. These results demonstrate, for the first time in Africa, the positive effects of planned grazing implementation in communal pastoral rangelands. These improvements can have broad implications for biodiversity conservation and pastoral livelihoods. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献