大花君子兰叶绿体基因组及其特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑祎  张卉  王钦美  高悦  张志宏  孙玉新 《园艺学报》2020,47(12):2439-2450

采用Illumina MiSeq测序平台对大花君子兰（Clivia miniata）叶片总DNA进行测序，通过组装获得了其叶绿体基因组（cpDNA）全长序列（158 114 bp）。对其cpDNA注释得到135个基因，包含87个蛋白编码基因、40个tRNA基因和8个rRNA基因。采用生物信息学方法对获得的cpDNA进行简单序列重复（SSR）分析和密码子偏好性分析。结果显示：①大花君子兰cpDNA中共有61个SSR位点，其中单核苷酸、二核苷酸、三核苷酸、四核苷酸、五核苷酸和六核苷酸重复数分别为38、9、2、8、3和1个，多数SSR分布在基因间隔区；②大花君子兰cpDNA密码子偏爱以A或U（T）结尾，亮氨酸使用频率最高，半胱氨酸使用频率最低。基于24种植物的cpDNA全长和23种植物的叶绿体ycf2基因序列进行系统发育分析，结果显示大花君子兰与石蒜科植物在同一分支，显示最近的亲缘关系，支持大花君子兰属于石蒜科。基于叶绿体ycf2的系统发育分析结果与基于cpDNA全长的系统发育分析研究结果大部分相同，支持ycf2基因可以代替cpDNA全长用于植物系统发育分析。  相似文献   

Construction and evaluation of introgression lines and fine mapping of ehd8 from Jinghong common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)     

Dayun Sun  Wenxiang Wang  Xiaoyun Xin  Liming Cao  Xuejun Sun  Zejun Hu  Ling Jiang  Shiqing Dong  Yahui Liu  Jinshui Yang  Xiaojin Luo 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(2):163-173

Heading date is one of the most important traits in rice and regulated by multiple genes. Common wild rice is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice and harbours abundant genetic diversity. To use wild rice resource in rice breeding, a set of 154 introgression lines (ILs) covering 93% of the genome of Jinghong common wild rice was constructed in the background 'Teqing', using 208 simple sequence repeat markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Among the ILs, the line JIL64 displayed late heading independent of photoperiod. Genetic analysis using the two F₂ populations crossed ''Teqing'/JIL64 and JIL64/'Teqing' revealed that late flowering was controlled by a recessive gene on chromosome 8 (designated early heading date 8, ehd8), and ehd8 was fine mapped to the 50‐kb region flanked by markers RM22221 and 64Indel4. Sequencing and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01410 and LOC_Os08g01420 were deleted in JIL64 and may be associated with the late heading of Jinghong common wild rice. These findings lay a practical foundation for characterizing ehd8, and the ILs help to mine genes from Jinghong common wild rice.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of herbicide-resistant and -susceptible Avena fatua populations in North Dakota and Minnesota     

L W MENGISTU  C G MESSERSMITH  & M J CHRISTOFFERS 《Weed Research》2005,45(6):413-423

Genetic diversity within and among 20 herbicide-resistant (HR) and 16 herbicide-susceptible (HS) Avena fatua multi-field populations was determined using 82 polymorphic loci resulting from two intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and one long-primer random amplified polymorphic DNA (LP-RAPD) primer. Collections from the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, sampled in 1964 and 2000, represented A. fatua populations before and after intensive exposure to herbicides. A 1995 collection from south-west North Dakota represented A. fatua exposed to low herbicide selection. Despite differences in years of herbicide exposure among collections, both HR and HS populations from every collection maintained nearly similar levels of ISSR and RAPD diversity. Genetic differentiation among populations (G_ST) varied from 11% to 13% among HR populations and from 9% to 16% among HS populations, indicating that 84–91% of total variation remained within HS or within HR populations. Minimal difference in gene diversity between HR and HS is consistent with multiple origins of resistance, where HR A. fatua most likely evolved from diverse founding individuals.  相似文献   

SSR技术及其在果树上的应用   总被引：27，自引：4，他引：27  

高志红  章镇  韩振海 《果树学报》2002,19(5):281-285

SSR(Simple sequence repeat)技术以其丰富的多态性、共显性遗传、重复性好和操作简便等优点日益受到重视,已成为植物遗传和育种研究中不可缺少的分子标记。对SSR技术的原理和特点作了简要的介绍,较详细地分析了如何获得SSR引物,特别是综述了果树上SSR引物的研究现状,同时将其与其它几种主要的分子标记进行了比较分析,认为SSR标记检测的位点多态性水平明显高于RFLP,而且重复性优于RAPD;着重介绍了SSR技术在果树种质资源和构建果树遗传图谱及基因定位等研究中的应用现状;指出SSR技术将在果树科研上起到重要的作用。  相似文献   

SSR-based genetic linkage analysis of resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. L. Dumsday  K. F. Smith  J. W. Forster †  E. S. Jones ‡ 《Plant pathology》2003,52(5):628-637

Crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) is a serious foliar disease of the pasture and turfgrass perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Previous genetic studies have detected both qualitative and quantitative resistance mechanisms, and interpretation of the genetic system is complicated by variation within the sexually reproducing pathogen. Resistant and susceptible parental genotypes of ryegrass were identified using a composite urediniospore population collected from three geographically distinct locations. A two-way pseudo-testcross mapping population was obtained as the F₁ progeny of the pair-cross between ryegrass parental genotypes Vedette₆ and Victorian₉. Both parents showed intermediate resistance against a pathogen population collected in a single geographical zone (Hamilton, Victoria), but in the F₁ population, significant variation for a range of resistance-associated characters was detected. Statistical analysis of phenotypic data suggested a major gene effect, hence bulked segregant analysis with map-assigned simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was used to scan the genome. A marker showing strong association with resistance was assigned to linkage group (LG) 2 of perennial ryegrass. Analysis of 11 LG2 SSR markers defined an interval between loci xlpssrh03f03 and xlpssrk02e02 as containing the gene or genes (LpPc1) conferring crown rust resistance. Resistance gene determinants were inherited from both parents, with up to 80% of the total phenotypic variation explained by markers segregating from Vedette₆ and up to 26% of the variation explained by markers segregating from Victorian₉. The two contributions together resulted in an additive increase in effect, with fully resistant individuals requiring determinants from both parents. A conserved syntenic relationship was observed with linkage group B of Avena strigosa, which is the location of a cluster of resistance genes to the oat form of crown rust. The implications of this study for marker-assisted selection of disease resistance in perennial ryegrass are discussed.  相似文献   

A coat protein transgene from a Scottish isolate of potato mop-top virus mediates strong resistance against Scandinavian isolates which have similar coat protein genes     

Brian Reavy  Maria Sandgren  Hugh Barker  Pekka Heino  Per Oxelfelt 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(9):829-834

Resistance tests were made on seedlings of transformed lines of Nicotiana benthamiana which contain a transgene encoding the coat protein (CP) gene of a Scottish isolate of potato mop-top virus (PMTV). This transgene has been reported to confer strong resistance to the PMTV isolate from which the transgene sequence was derived and also to a second Scottish isolate. Plants of lines of the transgenic N. benthamiana were as resistant to two Swedish and two Danish PMTV isolates as to a Scottish isolate, and of five lines tested, greater than 93.5% of transgenic plants were immune. The coat protein gene sequences of these four Scandinavian isolates were very similar to those of the two Scottish isolates. The greatest divergence between the isolates was three amino acid changes and there was less than 2% change in CP gene nucleotide sequence. It is concluded that the PMTV CP transgene used in these experiments could confer resistance against isolates from different geographical areas because it is becoming apparent that the CP genes of PMTV isolates are highly conserved.  相似文献   

Isolation of two strains of a new Tombusvirus (Havel river virus, HaRV) from surface waters in Germany     

R. Koenig  E. Pfeilstetter  H. Kegler  D.E. Lesemann 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(4):429-433

Two virus isolates from water samples — one from a small stream in South Western Germany and another one from the Havel river in North Eastern Germany c. 500 km away, proved to be strains, named S and H, respectively, of a new Tombusvirus for which the name Havel river virus (HaRV) had been suggested previously in a brief account. Immunoelectron microscopical decoration tests and sequence comparisons of the coat proteins indicated that the two HaRV strains are only distantly related to known Tombusviruses. The closest relationships were found to Cucumber necrosis virus. Nothing is known about their natural hosts. Because the S strain of HaRV was isolated in a woody area from a small stream close to its origin, they may be pathogens of trees or wild plants in such habitats.  相似文献   

Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tag sequences from a soft‐seeded pomegranate cDNA library          下载免费PDF全文

Shuiming Zhang  Lei Chen  Rong Huang  Abdurazak Isha  Lili Dong 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(6):994-999

The cultivation of soft‐seeded pomegranate is an important direction in pomegranate breeding. To comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of soft‐seeded pomegranate (Punica granatum. var. Hongmanaozi), we established an expressed sequence tag (EST) resource. Two thousand valid sequences were generated, from which 907 unigenes were obtained after initial assembly using the clustalx program. Among these unigenes, 51 showed no similarity to any protein in the public databases, 433 matched with proteins of unknown function, and 423 matched with proteins of known or putative functions. The 423 unigenes were further classified into 13 categories. Among these categories, protein synthesis, cell structure, protein destination and storage, secondary metabolism, signal transduction and transporters accounted for 8%, 8%, 4%, 7%, 6% and 17%, respectively. We also successfully developed 10 highly polymorphic expressed sequence tag‐simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers for pomegranate. The results provide a new tool for future activities in pomegranate breeding.  相似文献   

不同来源花生品种的ISSR分析及亲缘关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王天菊  白德胜  何龙飞  李创珍  韦善清 《花生学报》2011,40(2):7-12

利用13对ISSR引物对28个栽培种花生品种进行PCR扩增,研究这些品种的DNA多态性及其亲缘关系。结果表明,有7对引物检测到明显的多态性,从28个花生品种中扩增出90条带,其中多态性带达到79条,多态性比率为87.8%,平均每个引物可扩增出12.86条带,11.29条为多态性条带。品种间的遗传相似系数值在0.411~0.800之间,平均为0.620。在UPGMA聚类分析简单匹配系数值为0.57处,可把28个花生品种分成3个品种群。由此表明,这些不同来源的花生品种具有较高的DNA多态性,亲缘关系不同。  相似文献   

不同年代大丽轮枝菌菌株的生物学特性和ISSR分析     

崔丽芳  冯自力  林玲  赵丽红  师勇强  冯鸿杰  魏锋  朱荷琴 《植物病理学报》2019,49(6):738-748

 为了探究不同年代的大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)菌株生物学特性和遗传多样性方面的差异,本文以我国黄河流域和长江流域主产棉区6个省的不同年代大丽轮枝菌菌株为研究对象,观察培养性状,测定致病类型(致病力、落叶型),同时采用ISSR指纹图谱分析其遗传多样性。结果显示,不同年代大丽轮枝菌之间菌丝生长速率无显著差异,但菌核型菌株所占比例有减少趋势;2007~2009年和2017年的菌株全部为落叶型菌株,而1983~2000年的菌株中落叶型菌株仅占28.6%,表明随着年代的推移,黄河流域和长江流域的落叶型菌株所占比例呈上升趋势;不同年代菌株之间致病力存在显著差异,1983~2000年、2007~2009年和2017年的菌株中强致病力类型菌株分别占21.4%、25.0%和38.9%,仅有的5株弱致病力类型菌株均为1983~2000年的菌株;与2000年后的菌株相比,1983~2000年的菌株,Nei′s基因多样性指数为0.205 1,Shannon信息指数为0.299 0,表现出更丰富的多样性,利用NTSYS软件和Structure软件对ISSR指纹图谱进行聚类分析,两种方法均将所有供试菌株分为4个类群,且聚类结果与致病力和不同年代之间均具有一定的相关性,与地理来源无明显相关性。本研究结果表明,过去30年间我国黄河流域和长江流域棉田黄萎病菌落叶型和强致病力类型菌株所占比例逐渐升高,且不同年代和不同致病力的菌株在遗传上有差异,为进一步探究大丽轮枝菌的遗传与进化奠定了基础。  相似文献