Seed survival and predation of Anoda cristata in soyabean crops     

E PURICELLI  D FACCINI  G ORIOLI†  & M R SABBATINI† 《Weed Research》2005,45(6):477-482

Anoda cristata is a troublesome annual broad-leaved weed in summer crops in the rolling Pampa in Argentina; seeds are the only source of regeneration of this species. Seed persistence or depletion is the result of survival and loss processes, including predation. The objective of this study was to determine survival at two burial depths in undisturbed soil and predation rates of A. cristata seeds in soyabean crops in different rotations and tillage systems. Survival was discontinuous and decreased to 25% after 35 months, after which no further reduction in survival was observed to the end of the experiment at 96 months. No differences in seed survival between seeds placed on the soil surface and buried 5 cm below the soil surface were found at 80 months, but at later times survival was lower for seeds placed on the soil surface. Predation rates ranged between 0.3% day⁻¹ and 6.7% day⁻¹. Of the models tested, a polynomial regression of the rate of predation with time gave the best representation of seed predation. From January to July, predation was higher in non-tillage plots in the wheat/soyabean rotation. There was no significant difference in predation rates between tillage systems in the soyabean monoculture and no difference between planting densities. Higher crop residue levels in non-tillage plots in the wheat/soyabean rotation was the dominant factor influencing seed predation, probably because such habitat favours the presence of seed predators.  相似文献   

阔叶次生林抚育改造初探     

蔡学林  张志云  罗天裕  邓冰涓 《江西农业大学学报》1992,(6)

安远县国营林场根据生态学原理,对阔叶次生林进行改造,把天然更新和人工改造更新有机的结合起来。通过改造可很快的形成多树种的混交林,林木材积生长提高115％～219％,土壤物理性比杉木纯林好,土壤贮水量比杉木纯林提高57％～92％,有良好的生态经济效益。实践证明,次生林改造是次生林经营的重要措施,是加速培育森林资源的好途径。  相似文献   

杉木第二代种子园子代测定效果分析     

赵剑斌  何祯祥 《西部林业科学》1996,(4)

本文对福建省官庄林场杉木第二代种子园自由授粉子代试验林树高、胸径和材积等生长性状进行了研究。子代测定结果表明，参试家系间的效应显著；利用方差分析的结果，估算了杉木树高、胸径和材积的家系遗传力和单株遗传力，并以１０％、２０％的选择强度估算出杉木的遗传增益值。通过分析得出杉木各生长性状间有较高的相关性。依材积选择出４６个优良家系，用作造林，４年生时估计其遗传增益可达４１．３７％～５１．３７％。  相似文献   

二阶拟线性椭圓型Euler方程组解的Pohozaev型恒等式及其应用     

徐海祥 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,16(1)

本文对于二阶椭圆型Euler方程组 -∑D_αF_(q_α~i)(x,u,Du)+F_(ui)(x,u,Du)=0得到了一些积分恒等式,利用这些恒等式证明了某些方程组非平凡解的不存在性。  相似文献   

立地管理措施对7年生2代杉木林生长的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

黄跃延 《福建林业科技》2009,36(4)

对福建省南平峡阳国有林场29年生1代杉木人工林采伐迹地,采取5种不同立地管理措施营造的第2代杉木人工林7年生时的生长量进行调查分析,结果表明,BL3(收获树干和树皮,加倍采伐剩余物)处理对7年生2代杉木林的生长最为有利,其次为BL2(收获树干和树皮,不炼山)处理、BL1(全树收获)处理和BL0(收获地上所有有机质)处理,而SB(收获树干和树皮,炼山)处理杉木生长最差。炼山处理的7年生杉木蓄积量仅为不炼山处理的85.73%,但不同试验处理之间杉木生长量的差异均未达到显著水平(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

基于图形旋转系统的渐进网格研究     

张晔芝谷士文  费耀平 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,31(4)

拓扑简化可以为渐进网格带来更好的效果，但目前几乎所有的渐进网格方法都不支持拓扑简化，而且edge collapse和vertex split操作有时会产生非流形．针对这些问题，提出了基于图形旋转系统的渐进网格法．以基于图形旋转系统的数据结构和操作实现了渐进网格，用图形旋转系统的操作集合构建了edge collapse和vertex split操作．在此基础上，通过扩展新操作即可进行任意拓扑变化，从而实现拓扑简化，  相似文献   

Demography of Abutilon theoprasti and Setaria faberi in three crop rotation systems     

A H HEGGENSTALLER  & M LIEBMAN 《Weed Research》2006,46(2):138-151

Field experiments were conducted to characterize the demography of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi in a conventionally managed 2‐year (maize/soya bean) rotation, and in 3‐year (maize/soya bean/triticale + red clover) and 4‐year (maize/soya bean/triticale + lucerne/lucerne) rotations managed with 72% and 79% lower herbicide inputs respectively. Rates of weed seedling recruitment, seedling survival and adult plant fecundity were determined for populations in each phase of each rotation and used to calculate annual rates of weed population change, Δ. In both years of the study, Δ for A. theophrasti populations declined or remained stable in all three rotation systems. Despite greater rates of seedling survival and fecundity in maize and soya bean in the 3‐ and 4‐year rotations, increases in Δ for A. theophrasti populations were prevented in these systems because of low fecundity in triticale and low seedling survival and fecundity in lucerne. For Setaria faberi populations, Δ remained stable in the 2‐year rotation, increased in the 3‐year rotation in both years, and increased in the 4‐year rotation in 1 year. The results of this study indicate that when herbicide use is reduced, rotations that include triticale and lucerne can facilitate the suppression of A. theophrasti. Rotations that include lucerne can contribute to restraining S. faberi population growth, given adequate levels of seedling mortality in this crop.  相似文献   

草地农业在宁夏农业种植结构调整中的切入点     

白爱红  王顺霞 《四川草原》2005,(5):56-57

论述宁夏农区耕地轮作牧草发展牧草种子业、草产业和生产绿肥的可行性,自然条件、利益、市场机遇,并推荐了适应宁夏地区种植的优良牧草种。  相似文献   

Effect of recent cropping history and herbicide use on the degradation rates of isoproturon in soils     

A Walker  & C R Austin† 《Weed Research》2004,44(1):5-11

Five soil samples were taken from each of five fields with different crop management histories. Three of the fields were in an arable rotation, the fourth field was temporary grassland, and the final field was under permanent grass. Of the three arable fields, two had been cropped with winter wheat in three of the preceding 6 years, and the third had last been cropped with winter wheat once only, 6 years previously. With one exception, the winter wheat had been sprayed with the herbicide isoproturon. The rate of isoproturon degradation in laboratory incubations was strongly related to the previous management practices. In the five soils from the field that had been treated most regularly with isoproturon in recent years, <2.5% of the initial dose remained after 14 days, indicating considerable enhancement of degradation. In the soils from the field with two applications of the herbicide in the past 6 years, residues after 27 days varied from 5% to 37% of the amount applied. In soils from the other three sites, residue levels were less variable, and were inversely related to microbial biomass. In studies with selected soils from the field that had received three applications of isoproturon in the previous 6 years, kinetics of degradation were not first‐order but were indicative of microbial adaptation, and the average time to 50% loss of the herbicide (DT₅₀) was 7.5 days. In selected soils from the field that had received just one application of isoproturon, degradation followed first‐order kinetics, indicative of cometabolism. Pre‐incubation of isoproturon in soil from the five fields led to significant enhancement of degradation only in the samples from the two fields that had a recent history of isoproturon application.  相似文献   

浙江地区不同品种紫花苜蓿不同刈割期二茬性状表现   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

王亚琴  孙红霞  鲍明道  陈维虎  李德安  石吉天  俞照正  罗志豹  刘永刚 《草业科学》2005,22(9):41-44

对不同秋眠级别的紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种进行适应性试验,研究不同品种不同刈割期株高、分蘖数、根系、茎叶比及生物学产量间的变化,为生产推广提供指导.  相似文献