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1.
Hui Mao Zhaohui Wang 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):141-149
Large areas of China have soils low in both available selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). In order to investigate whether Se supplied as either selenate or selenite can increase germination and growth compared with low-Se controls we used broccoli, an important vegetable with anticancer effects, especially when biofortified with Se. Broccoli was grown under both Zn adequacy and Zn deficiency to determine whether interactions between these minerals affect plant growth. Selenite and selenate at a wide range of doses increased the speed and extent of germination. Both inorganic Se forms increased early root and shoot growth at low concentrations, with selenite having a stronger effect than selenate. A sand culture trial showed a similar growth increase due to low-dose Se under Zn deficiency but not under Zn adequacy. Conversely, at high Se levels, the results provided evidence from biomass, water use, photosynthesis and gas exchange that broccoli growth was inhibited at high Se levels, with selenite being more toxic than selenate. In this broccoli trial, the two Se forms were equally effective in increasing leaf Se concentration, whereas in most plants selenite is largely converted to organic Se forms and stored in the roots. This study suggests that Se, supplied either as selenate or selenite, may improve germination and growth in broccoli, especially on Zn-deficient soils. Field trials conducted on soils which are very low in both plant-available Se and Zn are needed. 相似文献
2.
镉中毒解毒机理的研究：硒化合物的预防和治疗作用初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对大鼠组织胞液(Cytosol)的体外试验结果表明:亚硒酸钠、硒酸钠及硒化钠以明显影响[~(109)Cd]标记的氯化镉在组织胞液中的分布。硒酸钠、亚硒酸钠有较强的封闭金属硫蛋白(MT)与镉结合部位、激活分子量较大的蛋白质,捕获胞液中[~(109)Cd]的作用,还可使已经和MT结合的[~(109)Cd]被剥离,随后,[~(109)Cd]转入分子量较大的蛋白质上;亚硒酸钠还可使[~(109)Cd]转入分子量为32000～35000的蛋白质上。硒化钠仅有较弱的剥离与MT结合的镉,使之转入分子量较大的蛋白质上,但几乎不能阻止镉与MT结合。镉与大、中分子量蛋白质结合力远较它与MT的结合力弱,因而以能有利于镉被排出体外。 相似文献
3.
Petra SMAŽÍKOVÁ Lukáš PRAUS Jiřina SZÁKOVÁ Jana TREMLOVÁ Aleš HANČ Pavel TLUSTOŠ 《土壤圈》2019,29(6):740-751
Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the Se dynamics in soil. The potential effects of vermicompost and digestate as important sources of SOM on selenium (Se) mobility were assessed in this study. Three soils differing in their physicochemical parameters, fluvisol, chernozem, and luvisol, were chosen, and three types of vermicomposts based on various bio-waste materials as digestate (vermicompost 1), kitchen waste with woodchips (vermicompost 2), and garden bio-waste (vermicompost 3) were used due to their high organic matter content. Additionally, digestate samples alone were applied. To evaluate the potential effect of vermicompost application on sorption characteristics of soils, batch sorption experiments were performed. The results showed a predominant effect on Se species in the soils, where selenite sorbed more intensively compared to selenate, regardless of the soil and ameliorative material applied. In the control, the soil sorption ability of selenite tended to decrease in the order:fluvisol > luvisol > chernozem. However, these differences were not significant. Moreover, the effects of the ameliorative materials depended on both soil and amendment used. In fluvisol, all the amendment applications resulted in a decrease in distribution coefficient (Kd values) of Se, whereas in chernozem, this effect was observed only for the digestate-based vermicompost 1. Increasing Kd levels were reported in luvisol treated with digestate; the application of garden bio-waste-based vermicompost 3 tended to decrease the Kd values. Further studies are required on long-term effects of these amendments on Se mobility in soils and the role of individual organic matter fractions in this context. 相似文献
4.
为了筛选适宜叶面喷施硒强化的理想品种,对63个近年来长江中下游主推小麦品种（系）进行叶面喷施硒酸钠,强化浓度为300 mg Se/L（Se300）,利用离子发射光谱-原子吸收仪测定了小麦籽粒中Se、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、K、Mg、K和S含量。结果显示,叶面喷施硒酸钠可以提高小麦籽粒中的硒含量,总硒含量平均值由对照组的2.13±0.73 mg/kg提高到9.13±3.86 mg/kg,但增幅因品种而异;籽粒中不同矿物质元素对叶面喷施硒酸钠的响应不同,硒降低了籽粒中Cu、Fe、K、Mg和S的含量,但提高了锌的含量,对Mn和Ca元素含量没有影响。综合比较显示江麦816是长江中下游主要推广品种中硒强化潜力较大的品种（系）之一。 相似文献
5.
硒酸盐和亚硒酸盐对7种不同基因型小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
选择全国7个主栽小麦品种,通过培养试验研究了外源添加硒酸盐以及亚硒酸盐对小麦的生物毒害作用,旨在确定小麦发芽阶段硒敏感指标并且为耐硒小麦品种的筛选提供依据。结果表明：添加低浓度外源硒（硒酸盐＜8 mg·L-1,亚硒酸盐＜20 mg·L-1）能够促进发芽阶段小麦的生长,高浓度硒（硒酸盐≥8 mg·L-1,亚硒酸盐≥20 mg·L-1）则表现为显著的抑制作用;同等硒浓度条件下（10 mg·L-1）,硒酸盐对小麦种子的毒害作用显著高于亚硒酸盐（P<0.05）。指标综合相关性模型与Bartlett球形检验结果表明 相似文献
6.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):3465-3482
In soil, adsorption of selenium (Se) onto mineral surfaces is accompanied by poorly known retention via organic matter. The effects of these components on the availability of Se were examined in two pot experiments. Spring wheat was grown with increasing amounts of selenate (SeO4 2–) in one sand and three peat soils, and ryegrass with selenate and selenite (SeO3 2–) in sphagnum peat manipulated by iron (Fe) hydroxide. Selenate persisted in soluble form, whereas selenite was fixed in the soil. In wheat, 5–50% of the selenate addition was recovered in the plant, the proportion increasing with increasing Se. In ryegrass, 30–40% of the added selenate but less than 2% of the selenite was found within the leaves. The Fe hydroxide enrichment enhanced the selenite uptake. Phosphate buffer desorbed a minor proportion of the added selenite, except in peat amply enriched with Fe hydroxide. The results suggest that the retention mechanism of selenite was changed due to the hydroxide amendment. 相似文献
7.
不同形态硒对韭菜吸收富集及土壤累积硒的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用塑料大棚试验,研究了施用硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠对韭菜富集硒以及土壤累积硒的影响,旨在为富硒蔬菜的生产提供理论依据。本试验结果表明,在韭菜出苗前向土壤中分别施加亚硒酸钠为Se100、200和400 g·hm~(-2)时,韭菜可食部位硒含量为0.008~0.128 mg·kg~(-1) FW;分别施加硒酸钠为Se 100和200 g·hm~(-2)时,韭菜可食部位硒含量为0.067~0.441 mg·kg-1 FW。按照陕西富硒食品标准(DB61/T556-2012)中新鲜蔬菜硒的含量指标(0.02~0.1 mg·kg~(-1)),亚硒酸钠施用量为Se 200 g·hm~(-2)或硒酸钠施用量为Se 100 g·hm~(-2)时可满足韭菜1个生产季的富硒生产需求。施入土壤中的硒酸钠通过韭菜吸收的回收率约为10%,而亚硒酸钠的吸收回收率不足3%。对韭菜施用硒酸钠的富硒效果比亚硒酸钠的好,亚硒酸钠在土壤中的移动性较差,绝大部分残留于较浅的表层土壤中,而硒酸钠移动性较强,更容易在土壤中发生迁移。 相似文献
8.
利用盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度、不同价态外源硒（Se4＋、Se6＋）对连续种植小白菜土壤中过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响,为土壤硒污染的生态风险评价和管理提供科学依据。结果表明：低浓度硒对土壤酶活性有不同程度的激活效应,而高浓度硒对4种土壤酶均产生抑制作用;外源硒对脲酶及脱氢酶活性的抑制作用大于碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶。外源Se4＋及Se6＋浓度与土壤脲酶活性间都存在显著的负相关（P〈0.01）,且同浓度两个价态硒差异显著（P〈0.05）,说明脲酶可作为土壤硒污染程度的生态风险评价的生物指标;而过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶及碱性磷酸酶只能表征一定时间段内土壤硒污染的程度。土壤酶的ED5（0生态剂量）均随硒施入时间的延长而增大,以脲酶的ED50值最小,Se6＋的ED50小于Se4＋,生态毒性大于Se4＋。 相似文献
9.
为了解油菜对不同外源硒吸收利用的差异,以华油杂9号为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究不同硒源(硒矿、硒粉、硒酸盐、亚硒酸盐)对油菜生长及硒吸收累积规律的影响,分析土壤中残留硒的形态.结果表明:相比对照(不施用硒肥),不同外源硒对成熟期油菜籽粒、果荚、茎叶和根的生物量无显著影响;施用硒矿、硒酸盐和亚硒酸盐后,油菜籽粒、果荚、茎叶... 相似文献
10.
用盆栽试验研究了不同含量硒酸钠对4种蔬菜（小白菜、芥菜、生菜和菠菜）生长、硒吸收及转运特征的影响,为富硒蔬菜的开发和硒污染土壤的植物修复提供理论依据。结果表明,低含量的硒酸钠态硒（〈1.45mg·kg-1）可促进4种蔬菜的根和茎的生长,增加其生物量,但过量硒酸态硒（〉2.04mg·kg-1）对蔬菜有明显的毒害作用。供试的4种蔬菜地上、地下部硒含量均随外源硒含量的增加显著增大（P〈0.01）,其中小白菜和芥菜地上硒含量是生菜和菠菜的5.8～8.5倍;4种蔬菜地下部硒含量的大小依次为芥菜〉小白菜〉菠菜〉生菜。所有施硒处理小白菜、芥菜和生菜地上硒含量约是地下硒含量的1～2倍,菠菜地上与地下硒含量与土壤硒含量高低有关,当土壤硒含量〈5.02mg·kg-1时,菠菜的地下硒含量大于地上部,当土壤中硒含量〉5.02mg·kg-1时,地上部硒含量大于地下部。4种蔬菜相比较,地上部硒富集系数（BCFshoot/soi）l值的大小依次为小白菜≈芥菜〉菠菜〉生菜,地下部富集系数（BCFroot/soi）l值的大小依次为芥菜〉小白菜〉菠菜〉生菜;以小白菜对硒的转运系数（TF）值最大,菠菜最小。供试的4种蔬菜中,小白菜因具有较高的将六价硒从地下转运到地上的能力,且拥有较高的地上生物量,可作为富硒蔬菜和硒污染土壤修复植物。 相似文献