半干旱黄土丘陵区沙棘优良品种引种栽培试验研究     

李代琼  黄瑾  姜峻  白岗栓 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2003,1(2):23-27

1994-2003年在黄土高原半干旱区的陕西吴旗县、安塞县进行中国沙棘优良类型和俄罗斯优良沙棘品种引种试验,采用家系选择法初步筛选出5个中国沙棘生态经济型优良单株,对3个俄罗斯良种沙棘的生长适应性经济性状进行了评价。前者生长迅速、树冠好、根系发达、郁闭快、水土保持效益好,果实较大、单株产量较高、Vc和含油量较高,适于在黄土丘陵区种植;后者经济性状较好,果实大、无刺或少刺,但适应性较中国沙棘差。  相似文献   

Effects of a plastic cover on soil moisture change in a Mediterranean climatic regime     

J. L. Díaz‐Hernández  T. Salmerón 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(4):596-605

Water deficit is a serious problem for most agricultural crops, especially in arid–semiarid regions, and limits sustainable development. Production can be improved by reducing evapotranspiration and loss of infiltrated water by the use of a plastic cover. We monitored soil moisture fortnightly over 1 yr using a neutron probe near four trees in an olive grove (Olea europaea, var. Arbequina), two of which had a plastic cover buried in the topsoil around them. These trees were monitored using three neutron probe access tubes per tree to compare the behaviour of soil moisture over time with two other identically instrumented and nearby trees with no cover. Analysis was based on the resultant moisture profiles. The plastic cover retained moisture and increased soil water residence time. During the dry season, the amount of water retained in the plots was at most 15–20% greater in the mid‐season and at least 5–6% greater at the end of season than in the central part of the plots near the trunk. The plastic cover was effective to ca. 50 cm with maximum water content near the soil surface. During the wet season, the cover did not affect soil water. Soil moisture was greater near the tree trunk as a result of stemflow and throughfall.  相似文献   

黑龙江省半干旱区防护林内主要气象因子观测初报     

李朝晖  俞冬兴  曹志伟  张玉柱  高野 《防护林科技》2012,(6):27-29

对齐齐哈尔(沙壤土区)、杜蒙(风沙土区)、青冈(黑土区)等3个代表黑龙江省半干旱区典型地点防护林区内7、8、9月主要气象因子(气温、气湿、风速、降雨量等)及土壤入渗率情况进行了定期观测,结果表明:3个月份平均气温杜蒙>齐齐哈尔>青冈,气湿为青冈>齐齐哈尔>杜蒙,风速为杜蒙>齐齐哈尔>青冈,土壤入渗率为杜蒙>齐齐哈尔>青冈,揭示了黑龙江省半干旱区防护林内不同土壤类型之间主要气象因子的变化特征及规律,为半干旱区防护林功能评价提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

内蒙古赤峰市敖包小流域水土资源合理利用研究     

聂光镛  陈正文等 《干旱区资源与环境》1995,9(1):50-58

调整农、林、牧结构，合理利用水土资源是干旱、半干旱低山丘陵区农业走出低谷，摆脱困境的重要措施之一。本文通过对敖包流域水土资源评价，系统环境辨识与诊断，明确系统发展优势和存在问题，运用系统工程的理论和方法确立了系统优化方案，为流域水土资源合理利用提供了决策依据。  相似文献   

灌溉对华北农牧交错带无芒雀麦生物学特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王琥  李向林  万里强  王国良  何峰 《草原与草坪》2007,(5):32-36

研究了河北坝上地区不同水分处理下无芒雀麦的生物学特性。结果表明,不同水分处理对无芒雀麦的植株高度、分蘖数、叶面积、地上和地下植物量等生物学特性均有不同程度的影响。在9月初刈割前,植株高度顺序为W3>W4>W2>W1,表明较多的灌水有利于植株的生长;叶面积大小顺序与植株高度变化规律相似,叶面积大小顺序为W4>W3>W2>W1,表明较多的灌水利于叶片的增大;对于分蘖数则相反,不同水分处理分蘖数顺序为W1>W2>W3>W4,灌水越多分蘖越少,说明整个生长季里适当的干旱可以促进分蘖;不同水分处理下地上植物量的大小次序为W2>W4>W3>W1,但无显著差异;不同水分处理根系重量的大小次序为W2>W1>W3>W4,说明适当干旱有利于无芒雀麦根系的生长。  相似文献   

草地早熟禾类草坪草在寒冷半干旱带(兰州)适应性的研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

韩烈宝  牟新待 《草业科学》1999,(Z1)

鉴于草地早熟禾在田间试验条件下各品种的适应能力无明显差异 ,只有在逆境胁迫下才表现其适应力的差别 ,将实验室测试的生理生化指标与田间观察结果加以综合 ,对 2 0个草地早熟禾品种用抗逆性指数 (Si)进行排序和分类 ,抗逆性强的有 2个 ,中等的 15个 ,差的 3个。  相似文献   

冀西北半干旱区硅钾复合肥在玉米上的应用效果     

俞凤芳  吕爱枝 《湖北农业科学》2009,48(6)

在冀西北半干旱区,按照标准的田间试验设计方法开展硅钾复合肥在玉米上的应用研究.结果表明,硅钾复合肥对玉米的农艺性状、果穗性状及产量均具有显著的影响,说明硅钾复合肥在冀西北地区施用,具有显著的增产效果.  相似文献   

半干旱区造林技术初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韩淑梅  吴长林  叶艳琴  敖特根  王浩然  周国良 《内蒙古林业科技》2001,(Z1)

在半干旱地区植苗造林成活与否 ,取决于从选择良种壮苗到抗旱栽植管理整个过程中的苗木水分状况  相似文献   

Pruning of néré trees (Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth.) on the farmlands of Burkina Faso, West Africa     

L. A. Timmer  J. J. Kessler  M. Slingerland 《Agroforestry Systems》1996,33(1):87-98

This study of the pruning of néré (Parking biglobosa) trees in central Burkina Faso included detailed surveys of 83 trees and their owners in 21 villages. Pruning is not widespread, but appears to be a practice with various motives and techniques. The motives are mainly aimed at deliberate management of the trees, in order to enhance their fruit production, and are rarely aimed at reducing tree impact on crop productivity. The characteristics of tree pruning techniques (e.g., frequency, intensity and seasonality) and their corresponding motives appear to change as an adaptation to land degradation processes and the deterioration of tree condition. The results demonstrate that indigenous silvicultural management techniques contribute to a sustainable use of tree resources.

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Résumé Cette étude sur la taille du néré (Parkia biglobosa) a été faite par des observations détaillées de 80 nérés et les entretiens avec leurs propriétaires dans 21 villages au Plateau Central du Burkina Faso. La taille du néré n'est pas générale, mais révèle diverses motivations et techniques. La plupart des motivations est orientée vers une gestion consciente de l'arbre en vue d'une amélioration de la production furitière, et rerament en vue d'une reduction de l'influence de l'arbre sur les cultures. Les caracteristiques des techniques de taille (fréquence, intensité, période de taille) et les motivations impliquées paraissent s'adapter à la dégradation de l'environnement et al détérioration de la viabilité des arbres. Les résultats montrent la durabilité des pratiques concernant la gestion des arbres.

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Acacia cyanophylla for forage and fuelwood in North Africa     

J. A. Tiedeman  D. E. Johnson 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,17(2):169-180

Forage and wood yield of Acacia cyanophylla, also known as Acacia saligna, was studied in a 300–400 mm precipitation zone in Tunisia. Yields were measured during and after drought. This short (2–8 m) evergreen leguminous tree is used as a forage drought reserve in frost free regions where mean annual precipitation exceeds 250 mm. The standing crop of leafy forage builds up year after year for at least four years or until the tree is cut. It rapidly regrows after cutting from coppice shoots. The leaves provide high protein forage for sheep and goats during the long dry summer season typical of the Mediterranean climate as well as emergency forage during drought. The tree is used to stabilize moving sand dunes, and as a windbreak to protect cropland. It also provides fuelwood and increasaes soil nitrogen by fixation. The need for supplemental irrigation during establishment is a major constraint. Research in the 350 mm precipitation zone of Tunisia found 3.2 year old trees to yield over 1400 kg of forage standing crop per hectare after a severe drought. Trees harvested at 2.5 years of age in May, during the worst drought in over 30 years, yielded a standing forage crop of 724 kg per hectare. Forage regrowth 8 months after cutting and 4 months after rains returned was 700 kg/ha. The forage standing crop for trees harvested only once during the 3.2 year period was double the amount of forage regrowth from trees harvested the previous year, but mean annual forage yield similar. This demonstrates that it is possible for forage to be conserved as a living forage reserve for later use during drought. Total wood yield was only 1621 kg/ha for trees cut twice compared to 3683 kg/ha for trees cut only once. Annual cutting will substantially reduce the amount of forage available during drought and reduce the production of fuelwood. It may also reduce the vigor, productivity and life of the tree. Acacia cyanophylla alley cropped on cereal farmland can protect the soil from erosion, protect the associated crop from wind damage, fix nitrogen, provide fuelwood and provide a reserve of high quality forage for use during drought. This work was supported by the Government of Tunisia and the U.S.A.I.D. Tunisia Range Development and Management Project (664-0312.8).  相似文献