THE MICELLAR SOLUBILIZATION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE MICRO CHLORIDE IN THE WATER     

Li Heping  Zheng Zegen The Analytical  Thesting Centre 《保鲜与加工》1992,(1)

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复合表面活性剂（SDS/Tw-80）对长链烷烃的增溶和柴油污染土壤的洗脱作用     

陈刚  姜霞 《农业环境保护》2010,(7):1283-1289

表面活性剂能够快速高效处理石油污染土壤,但由于所选用表面活性剂的类型和配比、土壤性质、污染物种类的差异,洗脱效果和作用原理不尽相同。通过研究复合表面活性剂SDS/Tw-80对石油烷烃的表观增溶和从受试土壤中的洗脱过程,探讨和阐释影响洗脱过程的各种因素。结果表明,复合表面活性剂对污染土壤中的石油烷烃洗脱效果较单一表面活性剂更好,且随复合表面活性剂SDS/Tw-80中的组分配合比例的增大而显著提高,同时能够降低胶束的成束浓度要求,扩大目标物在单位胶束内的容纳量,促使各目标长链烷烃进入胶束内部的趋势加大。复合表面活性剂的适用不仅能够改善胶束构成,且组分间表现出显著的协同作用,从而使在保证较高洗脱效率的同时能够大幅降低试剂用量,有效地克服土壤的吸附作用,把对土壤性状的影响降低,对土壤质量的恢复具有积极意义。  相似文献   

一株分离自葛藤根际高效溶磷细菌特性研究及菌株鉴定     

李显刚  姚拓  王小利  陆瑞霞 《中国土壤与肥料》2012,(2):87-91

对分离自葛藤(Pueraria lobata L.)根际的一株高效溶磷细菌GTR15进行促生特性、主要生理生化指标测定和16S rDNA序列分析。结果表明,菌株GTR15的HD/CD值(溶磷圈直径HD,菌落直径CD)为2.22,28℃液体振荡培养7 d后对磷酸钙的溶解量为138.72 mg.L-1,分泌IAA(3-吲哚乙酸)及有机酸量分别为14.44 mg.L-1、46.00 mmol.L-1。菌株革兰氏染色为阴性,细胞短杆状;淀粉水解、吲哚、V-P(二乙酰试验)、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶、明胶液化及M-R(甲基红)试验呈阴性;柠檬酸盐、过氧化氢酶、硫化氢及硝酸盐还原等试验呈阳性,结合菌株16S rDNA序列分析结果,初步鉴定为肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)。该菌株在研制高效微生物磷肥接种剂方面可能具有较大潜力。  相似文献   

Application of Azotobacter enhances pond productivity and fish biomass in still water ponds     

S.K. Garg  Anita Bhatnagar  Neeru Narula 《Aquaculture International》1998,6(3):219-231

Two strains (derepressed-nitrogen fixing, Mac-27 and phosphate solubilizing, PS-21) of Azotobacter chroococcum were inoculated in fish culture ponds, singly and in combination with inorganic fertilizers (urea, single superphosphate–SSP). Physico-chemical parameters of pond waters, plankton production and fish biomass were studied. Inoculation of A. chroococcum (Mac-27) enhanced nitrogenase activity and rate of nitrogen fixation. A slight reduction in nitrogen fixation and nitrogenase activity was noticed when urea at 96 kg ha–1 y–1 was mixed with the biofertilizer (Mac-27). Inoculation of PS-21 enhanced phosphate solubilization, but Kjeldahl-nitrogen concentration values remained low in comparison with controls. On the other hand, inoculation of Azotobacter (either strain) enhanced the accumulation of ammonium-N, nitrite-N and nitrate-N. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration also took place when Azotobacter (both Mac-27 and PS-21) was inoculated in fish ponds. However, when used along with inorganic fertilizers, the reduction was not significant. The pH values were only slightly lowered when the phosphate-solubilizing strain (PS-21) of Azotobacter was inoculated. Inoculation of biofertilizer enhanced plankton production, net primary productivity and fish biomass. However, highest values in most of these parameters were noticed only in ponds that were treated with the higher doses of inorganic fertilizers (urea 192 kg and SSP 1500 kg ha–1 y–1). © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998  相似文献   

典型农田根际土壤伯克霍尔德氏菌群落结构及其多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄瑞林  张娜  孙波  梁玉婷 《土壤学报》2020,57(4):975-985

在根际环境中伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderiales)是一类重要的植物促生菌,其群落结构变化可能会影响植物的生长和发育。本研究针对伯克霍尔德氏菌目,采用特异性引物16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,研究了田间条件下黑土、潮土和红壤中玉米根际伯克霍尔德氏菌群落结构及其对地上部作物生物量和产量的可能影响。结果表明:在三种土壤类型中,与未施肥相比,施肥对伯克霍尔德氏菌目的丰富度和多样性均没有显著影响。在伯克霍尔德氏菌的科水平主要检测到三类细菌,分别为草酸杆菌科(Oxalobacteraceae)、丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)和伯克氏菌科(Burkholderiaceae),且草酸杆菌科是其中的优势菌。此外,施肥显著增加了有机质含量较低的潮土中马赛菌(Massilia spp.和Massilia sp. WG5)和伯克氏菌(Burkholderiaspp.)的相对丰度(P0.05);增加了酸性红壤中草螺旋菌(Herbaspirillumsp.ZM319)的相对丰度,但降低了Noviherbaspirillum spp.的相对丰度(P0.05);而在有机质含量最高的黑土中,所有检测到的伯克霍尔德氏菌均无明显地变化。进一步分析表明,土壤有效磷、速效钾含量和土壤pH是影响这几类细菌的主要因素,而马赛菌群落的变化可能会影响玉米地上部生物量和产量。本研究表明,尽管化学施肥是影响玉米地上部生物量和产量的主要原因,但是伯克霍尔德氏菌等根际微生物群落也可能是影响它们的潜在生物因素。  相似文献   

高寒草甸植物根际溶磷菌的筛选鉴定及其溶磷与促生效果     

蔺宝珺  杨文权  赵帅  柴港宁  鱼杨华  武燕茹  韩显忠  李希来  寇建村 《草地学报》2022,30(11):3132-3139

为获得高寒草甸根际土中优良溶磷菌资源,本研究从青海省高寒草甸根际土中筛选了4株溶磷菌,结合16S rRNA基因分析法确定其分类地位,并通过钼锑抗比色法和盆栽试验进行了溶磷与促生效果的研究。结果显示：4株溶磷菌均为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),均可形成明显的溶磷圈。在无机磷液体培养基中培养7d后,4株菌株的磷增量在156.17~511.33μg·mL^-1之间;溶磷过程中4株菌均分泌多种有机酸,总有机酸量在522.36~986.69mg·L^-1之间;盆栽试验表明4株菌均能显著增加披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.)株高和地上部干重;菌株MXSC5,MXSC6和MQC13可使植株全氮、全磷含量增加,且4株菌株对土壤速效氮、速效磷含量也有正向影响。本研究结果将有助于进一步探究溶磷菌对植物的促生作用及微生物菌肥的开发利用。  相似文献   

黑土区高效溶磷真菌筛选及其溶解磷矿粉效果的研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

王光华  周克琴  金剑  潘相文  赵英 《中国生态农业学报》2004,12(3):143-145

黑土区高效溶P真菌筛选及其溶解磷矿粉效果的试验结果表明 ,溶P真菌溶P效果高于溶P细菌 ,且其溶P性状稳定。曲霉菌“P39”、“P37”和青霉菌“P6 6”、“P1”溶P效果高于其他供试菌 ,菌株之间溶P活性与培养液pH值和有机酸含量间不存在必然相关性 ,推测不同菌株间溶P活性差异与菌株产生的有机酸种类和数量有关  相似文献   

Can the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices actively mobilize P from rock phosphates?     

Pedro M. Antunes  Kim Schneider  Derek Hillis  John N. Klironomos   《Pedobiologia》2007,51(4):281-286

Plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been shown to respond positively to the application of insoluble forms of inorganic phosphorus (P) such as rock phosphates (RPs). The mechanism(s) underlying such responses remain(s) unknown and although it has been hypothesized, there is no experimental support for the production of chelating agents by AM fungal hyphae. Here we investigate whether AM fungi can solubilize P from RPs and transfer it to plant roots. Using root-organ cultures of Daucus carrota L. inoculated or not with Glomus intraradices Schenk & Smith and containing P from different RP sources, we predicted that: (1) roots inoculated with G. intraradices would take up more P than those uninoculated; that (2) the amount of P taken up by roots through G. intraradices would be positively correlated with the RP reactivity; and that (3) G. intraradices would have access to RP through localized alterations of pH and/or by the production of organic acid anions that may act as chelating agents. The RP reactivity was positively correlated with P uptake. However, mycorrhizal roots grew initially slower and did not respond differently to any P treatment than those uninoculated. There was no evidence of localized changes in pH in proximity of G. intraradices hyphae, indicating that responses to RP by mycorrhizal plants observed in previous studies do not appear to result from the release of H⁺ ions alone or in combination with organic acid anions.  相似文献   

Soil organic carbon and phosphorus availability regulate abundance of culturable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in paddy fields     

Arvind KUMAR  Lal Chand RAI 《土壤圈》2020,30(3):405-413

Low availability of phosphorus(P) is a major constraint for optimal crop production, as P is mostly present in its insoluble form in soil. Therefore,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB) from paddy field soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India were isolated, and their abundance was attempted to be correlated with the physicochemical characteristics of the soils. Ninety-four PSB were isolated on Pikovskaya's agar medium, and quantitative phosphate solubilization was evaluated using NBRIP medium. The isolates solubilized P up to a concentration of 1 006 μg mL~(-1) from tricalcium phosphate with the secretion of organic acids. These isolates were identified by 16 S rRNA gene sequence comparison, and they belonged to Gammaproteobacteria(56 isolates),Firmicutes(28 isolates), Actinobacteria(8 isolates), and Alphaproteobacteria(2 isolates). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identification by clustering the isolates in the clade of the respective reference organisms. The correlation analysis between PSB abundance and physicochemical characteristics revealed that the PSB population increased with increasing levels of soil organic carbon, insoluble P, K~+, and Mg~(2+). The promising PSB explored in this study can be further evaluated for their biofertilizer potential in the field and for their use as potent bio-inoculants.  相似文献   

Microbial and enzyme activity in soils amended with a natural source of easily available carbon     

Abdullah M. K. Falih  M. Wainwright 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,21(3):177-183

The addition of sugar beet to soils as a source of C led to an increase in the availability of easily utilizable C (glucose), which in turn markedly increased numbers of soil bacteria and of the yeast Williopsis californica. Nitrification, P solubilization, urea hydrolysis (and the subsequent nitrification of liberated NH _inf4 ^sup+ ) were stimulated by this amendment. The stimulation of nitrification may have been a result of increased heterotrophic nitrification. In contrast, the concentration of sulphate in S^o-amended soils declined following amendment, presumably as the result of enhanced S immobilization. Activity of the enzymes amylase, aryl sulphatase, invertase, phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and urease were all stimulated by the sugar beet amendment. These results suggest that sugar beet amendment could be used to increase the rate of release of plant-available ions from fertilizers such as insoluble phosphates. Problems may arise, however, from a subsequent increase in nitrification and reduced sulphate availability.  相似文献