灵芝孢子受冷等静高压作用破壁提取机理的探讨     

吴华  张守勤  朱俊洁  王长征 《农机化研究》2005,(6):89-91

按照普通植物种子的情况,推定灵芝孢子的结构有完全充满、部分充满、有大空隙和无种仁4种形式。为此,按照这4种形式分别说明了灵芝孢子受高等静压作用时,孢子壁的破坏方式和灵芝孢子有效成分的溶出方式。  相似文献   

大豆作为前作植物对油菜根肿病发生的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张蕾  唐林  黄小琴  杨潇湘  伍文宪  向运佳  周西全  刘勇 《中国油料作物学报》2020,42(3):480

为了解前作大豆对后茬油菜根肿病的影响,采用大田轮作试验和实时荧光定量PCR检测法,研究大豆、白菜、油菜分别作为前作,调查后茬油菜根肿病的发生和土壤中休眠孢子含量,比较分析了不同前作的根系分泌物对休眠孢子萌发的影响,结果表明前作大豆,后茬油菜根肿病的发病率和病情指数分别为34.00%和19.26、土壤休眠孢子含量为1.45×106个/克土壤,显著低于前作为油菜、白菜和撂荒对照的相应量。大豆、油菜和白菜根系分泌物均可刺激根肿菌休眠孢子萌发。与根肿菌休眠孢子共培6 d后,大豆根系分泌物培养的休眠孢子萌发率为29.82%,显著高于白菜（15.52%）、油菜根系分泌物（14.83%）和营养液（6.48%）培养下的萌发率。据此推测,前作种植大豆,后茬油菜根肿病发生和危害减轻,原因应与大豆根系分泌物刺激根肿菌休眠孢子萌发,产生的游动孢子因缺少寄主植物而死亡,导致诱发病害的初侵染源（土壤中休眠孢子含量）减少有关。  相似文献   

响应面法优化绿色木霉产孢子固体发酵培养基     

杨丹丹  杨传伦  张心青  潘冬梅  李佳明  陈振发 《中国农学通报》2020,36(36):84-92

为探讨绿色木霉固体发酵产孢子的最佳发酵培养基。运用响应面法设计试验,筛选出主要影响因子碳酸钙、硫酸铵及氯化锰,以孢子量为响应值建立二次回归方程,并借助Design Expert 8.0.6软件进行分析数据并确定优化条件。结果表明,在温度28℃,接种量15%,料水比1:0.70的培养条件下发酵7天,孢子量为8.505×10⁹CFU/g。通过优化,最终确定最佳发酵配方为：麸皮（过40目筛）50%,稻壳粉（过20目筛）30%,玉米粉（过80目筛）20%,硫酸铵1.08%,黄豆饼粉2.00%,玉米浆干粉2.00%,碳酸钙0.55%,氯化锰0.37%,pH 6.0~7.0。该配方所用原料廉价易得,发酵水平高,为大规模工业化生产提供保障。  相似文献   

银耳子实体及菌丝体胶质化产生的双核酵母状孢子萌发条件探索     

陈利丁  刘云超  孔旭强  张琪辉  纪君仪  李帆  孙淑静 《中国食用菌》2021,(2):11-18

为探索由银耳(Tremella fuciformis)子实体、菌丝体胶质化产生的双核酵母状孢子(FBMds)的萌发条件,研究比较了不同来源和不同浓度的香灰菌(Annuloypoxylon stygium)浸提液及不同来源银耳孢子发酵液对银耳Tr21 FBMds萌发率的影响.试验结果表明,香灰菌浸提液和银耳孢子发酵液均有...  相似文献   

饲喂枯草芽孢对草鱼粪便、养殖水体中芽孢数量和水质的影响     

贺国龙  张恒  刘立鹤  刘军  黄峰  董爱华 《淡水渔业》2012,42(2):35-39

分别在饲料中添加不同含量的枯草(Bacillus subtilis)芽孢(A组实测芽孢数量为2.6×107 cfu/g,B组为4.4×106 cfu/g,空白组为0),饲喂静水水族箱中100 g左右的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)10 d,测定饲喂枯草芽孢后草鱼粪便、养殖水体中芽孢数量和水质的变化。结果表明:(1)9 d内,水体中芽孢数量A组和B组在前6 d时不断增加,在6 d时达到稳定,其中A组和B组稳定时的含量分别为2.22×106 cfu/g和3.98×105 cfu/g。(2)10 d内,草鱼粪便干物质中的芽孢数量与饲料中的枯草芽孢含量相比,A组和B组粪便中的枯草芽孢损失率分别为89.76%～90.71%和83.83%～86.84%。(3)草鱼饲喂枯草芽孢后,A组和B组粪便中排出的枯草芽孢对水体中亚硝酸盐和氨氮有降低的趋势,但各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),对化学需氧量(COD)没有影响。  相似文献   

水稻病害孢子多光谱衍射识别与病害源定位方法研究     

杨宁  张天纬  张钊源  张晓东  毛罕平  袁寿其 《农业机械学报》2023,54(4):250-258

水稻真菌病害主要依赖真菌孢子在空气中进行传播。然而各种水稻病害孢子的形态相近,传统孢子捕捉仪和显微图像法难以对其进行区分。为了能够准确识别目标病害孢子并进行病害源定位,提出了一种水稻病害孢子多光谱衍射识别与病害源定位方法。为了解决传统衍射方法无法识别形态相似的缺点,设计了一种大视场、无透镜的多光谱衍射成像传感器。通过分析病害孢子衍射指纹图谱,解析稻瘟病菌、稻曲病菌孢子多光谱衍射成像特征规律。融合孢子的形态特征和吸收特性,提出指纹分离强度和相对峰差两个特征参数,建立孢子的多光谱衍射识别模型。通过仿真计算实验分析孢子传播规律,耦合环境信息建立孢子传播过程中的扩散模型。在无定向风及有定向风条件下分析孢子的空间分布情况,提出病害爆发源迭代质心定位算法。实验结果表明,本文方法对水稻病害孢子的识别率达到98.5%,对无定向风条件下的定位误差最低为4.9%,对有定向风条件下的定位误差最低为7.1%。  相似文献   

不同培养条件对烟草黑胫病菌生长和产孢的影响     

胡吉凤  王德凤  谷晓平  陈庆园  桑维钧  向红琼 《广东农业科学》2013,40(13):81-84

烟草黑胫病是烟草生产上的毁灭性病害之一,严重影响烟草生产.为了模拟室外不同气象条件下烟草黑胫病的最适发生环境,就不同培养条件对贵州省烟草黑胫病菌生长和产孢的影响进行了研究.结果表明,温度为25～30℃、全黑暗条件最适合烟草黑胫病菌生长,且菌丝浓密;生长旺盛的菌丝块经3次换水,于28～30℃、连续光照、水浸条件下黑胫病菌产孢量达到最大.  相似文献   

Efficacy of Chlorhexidine against Some Strains of Cultured and Clinically Isolated Microorganisms     

Odore R  Colombatti Valle V  Re G 《Veterinary research communications》2000,24(4):229-238

The efficacy of chlorhexidine digluconate was determined against some strains of collected and clinically isolated bacteria and fungi. The efficacy was evaluated either by calculating a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or by efficacy trials according to the guidelines of the European Committee for Standardization. The MIC values of chlorhexidine for Staphylococcus aureus, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were 0.625 g/ml, 12.5 g/ml, 50 g/ml and 6.25 g/ml, respectively. The in vitro efficacy of chlorhexidine was higher against ATCC strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (0.5 mg/ml for 5 min and 0.5 mg/ml for 10 min, respectively) than against clinical isolates (0.5 mg/ml for 15 min and 1 mg/ml for 10 min, respectively). The antiseptic activity of aqueous solutions of chlorhexidine against spores of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillis sfericus and Clostridium perfringens required longer contact times than against the vegetative forms. Nevertheless, 5 mg/ml of chlorhexidine in water–ethanol 20:80 v/v was totally effective against the vegetative forms or spores of these microorganisms.  相似文献   

Role of Aeciospores in Outbreaks of Pea (Pisum sativum) Rust (Uromyces fabae)     

Chanda Kushwaha  Ramesh Chand  Chandra Prakash Srivastava 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(3):323-330

Aeciospores in Uromyces fabae were found to be repeating spores and play an important role in pea rust outbreaks in the North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ) of India. Experiments conducted on pea rust from 2001 to 2004 revealed the dominance of aeciospores at all growth stages of pea in this region. Urediospore production was erratic and was only observed in a few samples of stems and tendrils (5–10%). Inoculation of pea plants either by aeciospores or urediospores resulted in the production of aeciospores. Production of aeciospores was observed at a temperature range of 10–25 °C, with a maximum at 25 ± 2 °C. Among the different growth stages of pea, the pod formation stage was highly susceptible and produced the maximum number (744) of aecidia/leaf at 20–25 °C. Significant effects of growth stages and temperature were also noticed for pustule number. Urediospore production mainly coincided with the senescence of the pea plants. Maximum germination (2%) of aeciospores was observed at 25 °C, whereas maximum urediospore germination (3.5%) was at 15 °C. Temperatures > 15 °C decreased urediospore germination. A relative humidity (RH) of 100% was favourable for aeciospore germination while 98% RH favoured urediospore germination. Typical histo-pathological behaviour of the aeciospores was observed.  相似文献   

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells in the brain from epileptic rat     

ZHAO Shuang  KANG Yu-ming  ZHANG Sheng-chang  WANG Shu-qiu  WANG Shao-qing  MA Xiao-ru  ZHANG Ting 《园艺学报》2007,23(6):1153-1156

AIM: To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and apoptosis of nerve cells in rats with epilepsy established by pentetrazole. METHODS: The sub-eclampsia dosage of pentetrazole (PTZ) was used to make epilepsy model. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was given from stomach. The enduring time and latent period were recorded. The immune reactivity of IGF-1, NF-κB/P65 and apoptosis of nerve cells were measured with immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL method. RESULTS: In high power sight (×400), there were much more apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of model group (18.80±2.13, 16.87±2.00) than those in control group (0.97±0.52, 0.58±0.25). The expressions of IGF-1, NF-κB in model group were higher than those in control group. Compared with model group, the latent period of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group at the 17th, 21th, 25th days were longer (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively).There were less apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group (12.30±2.46, 10.48±1.33) than those in model group. The expression of NF-κB/P65 in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was lower than that in model group, but the immune reactivity of IGF-1 increased more distinctly in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group than that in model group. CONCLUSION: IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells may have play a role in occurrence and development of PTZ-induced epilepsy. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder can suppress expression of NF-κB strongly, and facilitate the immune reactivity of IGF-1, which may be one of the mechanisms by which Ganoderma lucidum spores powder restrains the apoptosis of nerve cells caused by epilepsy to prevent the damages of nerve cells.  相似文献