饲粮纤维来源对合浦鹅生产性能、血清生化指标和养分代谢的影响     

夏中生  麻艳群  杨家晃  张梅兰  廖玉英  麦伟虹  周恒 《畜牧与兽医》2006,38(7):7-10

选取体重相近、健壮的4周龄合浦鹅60羽,随机分为稻草粉组、玉米秸秆粉组和花生藤粉组,每组20羽,饲养42 d。于8周龄时从上述试验组中各选取5羽体重接近的鹅,测定其对3种纤维来源的饲粮养分的利用率。结果表明,(1)饲喂含粗蛋白质约为13.80%,粗纤维约为8.0%的饲粮,稻草粉、玉米秸秆、花生藤用作饲粮纤维来源,不影响合浦鹅的日增重、血清生化指标和屠宰性能(P>0.05)。(2)花生藤粉组饲粮的中性洗涤纤维、半纤维素和无氮浸出物的表观代谢率极显著高于其他2组(P<0.01);稻草粉组和花生藤粉组的饲粮粗蛋白质、能量的代谢率显著高于玉米秸秆粉组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

Early-maturing dual-purpose sorghums: Agronomic trait variation and covariation among landraces     

H. F. W. Rattunde 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(1):33-36

Landrace cultivars represent potentially valuable source material for breeding dual-purpose (grain and stover) sorghums. To characterize the genetic variation and interrelationships for major agronomic traits among potential dual-purpose sorghum landraces, 74 accessions, primarily from Southern Africa, the Sudan, and India, were evaluated in five environments at Patancheru, India. These environments, at 17°N with 520-540 mm rainfall during the growing season, are representative of the major sorghum-growing areas in India and the Sudanian Zone of Western and Central Africa. Significant genetic variation and high heritabilities (P = 0.01, h²= 0.63-0.92) were observed for seedling vigour, grain and stover yields, growth rate and harvest index. Time to flower was correlated with stover yield (r = 0.48, P = 0.01) and an index (I_ev) of total economic value (r = 0.44, P = 0.01) but not with grain yield (r = 0.22, P = 0.05). Grain and stover yields varied independently (r = 0.22, P = 0.05) and were similarly related to I_ev, values (r = 0.79 and r = 0.77 (P = 0.01), respectively). The 13 landraces with the highest I_ev values (adjusted for maturity) had above-average growth rates and harvest indices that ranged from 20 to 38%. Landraces from Botswana and India were more highly represented in the high I_ev set than in the full set of accessions.  相似文献   

PAM预处理玉米秸秆中半纤维素水解动力学分析     

吕谦  谭玉凤  张慧  林昊  肖卫华 《农业机械学报》2023,54(6):394-400

过氧乙酸复合马来酸(Peracetic acid and maleic acid, PAM)能有效将玉米秸秆中木质素和半纤维素脱除分离得到纤维素,同时将半纤维素降解为木糖,然而PAM预处理中半纤维素的降解机制尚不清楚。以单独过氧乙酸(Peracetic acid, PA)预处理为对照,考察了90～120℃PAM预处理玉米秸秆中半纤维素的水解动力学,采用双相水解动力学模型拟合分析了玉米秸秆中半纤维素的水解反应动力学参数。结果表明,半纤维素的水解由快速水解和慢速水解两个阶段构成,慢速水解部分的比例随着反应温度的升高而下降。与PA预处理对比发现PAM预处理可以将木聚糖快速反应和慢速反应的活化能分别降低至71.4 kJ/mol和79.1 kJ/mol,并且显著提高木聚糖的水解反应速率。研究结果证实了该模型可以有效模拟木聚糖的水解过程,揭示了PAM预处理促进半纤维素水解作用的动力学机制。  相似文献   

外源添加物强化中温碱抽提玉米秸秆渣酶解过程的研究     

欧阳嘉  李鑫  陈牧  连之娜 《林产化学与工业》2012,32(4):5-9

以中温碱抽提玉米秸秆渣为研究对象,考察了不同外源添加物对酶解工艺的辅助作用和影响机制。研究结果表明,采用中温碱抽提玉米秸秆可以脱除50.02%木质素,添加PEG6000辅助水解作用明显。当纤维素底物质量浓度40 g/L,酶用量在纤维素酶(Celluclast 1.5 L)15 FPIU/g和纤维二糖酶(Novozyme 188)30 BU/g水解48 h,添加PEG6000 4.0 g/L葡萄糖得率73.51%,酶解率84.51%,较未添加样品上升幅度分别达到26.2%和27.1%。添加PEG不仅可以减轻酶蛋白和碱抽提玉米秸秆渣的吸附,提高酶在液相中的分配,对纤维素酶活力和稳定性也具有显著的促进作用。PEG存在下纤维素酶1.5 L的滤纸酶活提高34.1%,稳定性提高57.3%。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Near Infra-red Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Grain and Stover Quality Traits in Maize     

A. E. Melchinger    G. A. Schmidt  H. H. Geiger 《Plant Breeding》1986,97(1):20-29

The prediction of grain and stover quality parameters in maize {Zea mays L.) by near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied. A total of 110 grain and 135 stover samples originating from different genotypes and environments were assayed. Calibration equations for content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), starch (ST), and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in grain were obtained by multiple linear regression of known manual values on NIRS data from the odd numbered samples. Calibrations for CP, acid detergent fibre (ADF), in vitro digestible organic matter according to the Tilley & Terry (IVDOM-T & T) and the gas production (IVDOM-Gp) method, respectively, and metabolizable energy (ME) in stover were developed analogously. Equations were validated with the evennumbered .samples and for ME additionally with the 1584 stover samples from an experiment with 66 F₁ hybrids tested in six environments. The coefficients of multiple determination (R²) of the prediction equations ranged from 0.80 for IVDOM-Gp and ME in stover to 0.94 for CP in grain. Standard errors of calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP) were in most cases not higher than commonly reported for conventional manual assays. With regard to the correct ranking of hybrids, prediction equations for ME applied well to stover samples from other environments with one exception. We concluded that NIRS can evaluate the quality traits investigated to a similar degree to that of conventional methods of analysis. Since NIRS is simple and safe to operate and allows rapid screening of several quality traits simultaneously, it should be particularly attractive for breeding purposes.  相似文献   

Nitrogen Uptake by Corn and N Recovery in Grain in Dry Farmland   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Wang Xiao-bin  CAI Dian-xiong  ZHANG Jing-qing  GAO Xu-ke 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2003,2(8)

There have been considerable concerns with the reduced beneficial yield response to fertilizer and the less efficient use of fertilizers with the fast growth in fertilizer consumption in China, as well as problems with low and unstable fertilizer use effectiveness in dry farmland. The paper discusses the effect of precipitation, corn stover incorporation and fertilizer management on N uptake by corn and fertilizer N use efficiency in dry farmland. The results showed that in the areas with 520 mm rainfall under the cropping system of one crop of spring corn per year, N uptake and N recovery by corn, and yields were higher at rates of 105 kg fertilizer N, 1 500 kg cattle manure and 6 000 kg corn stover incorporated per hectare. N uptake was significantly affected by precipitation during growing periods and soil moisture at sowing, fertilizer N apparent recovery varied from 58% in a rainy year to 7% in the year with a very dry soil, and the average of 7 years (1993-1999) was about 30%. The 15N tracer experiment showed that around 40% of N uptake was derived form fertilizer N and 60% from soil N. The results from 3-year 15N tracer study (1997-1999) indicated that the 1st years N recovery in grain with and without stover incorporated was about 24% and 17%, respectively, the accumulative 3-year total about 36% and 25%,the percentage of N recovery with stover incorporated increased about 11. The accumulative 3-year N loss with and without stover incorporated was about 26% and 45%, respectively, the percentage of N loss with stover decreased about 19. The studies supply information on land applications of fertilizer N and corn stover in dry farmland.  相似文献   

添加己酸和盐酸对玉米秸秆青贮饲料质量的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

席兴军  韩鲁佳  原慎一郎  甘利雅弘 《中国农业大学学报》2002,7(6):54-60

通过测定盐酸、己酸处理的玉米秸秆青贮饲料的pH值、含水率、有机酸含量及组成、干物质消失率、NDF瘤胃降解率、干物质回收率和青贮饲料化学成分，研究了盐酸、己酸的处理对玉米秸秆青贮饲料质量的影响。试验结果表明：在玉米秸秆青贮饲料中添加盐酸，降低了青贮饲料中乳酸占总酸的比例和干物质回收率，并使青贮饲料的细胞壁物质含量显著增加，明显降低了玉米秸秆青贮饲料的质量；己酸的添加对青贮饲料质量无显著影响(P＞0．05)；盐酸和己酸的共同处理除了明显改善青贮饲料的色泽、气味和质地外，还可明显降低青贮饲料中OB，ADF和ADL的含量(P＞0．05)，显著提高了青贮饲料的营养价值。  相似文献   

无水氨、尿素氨化秸秆饲喂肉牛的效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杜增昱  张思温 《中国畜牧杂志》1992,28(1):7-10

为了评价无水氨、尿素氨化麦秸、玉米秸饲喂肉牛的效果,用42头肉用生长母牛及阉牛进行了80天饲养试验。试验开始牛平均体重为135公斤,按随机区组设计分为7组,占干物质3％的无水氨氨化麦秸组(WA)、占干物质5.4％的尿素加大豆粉氨化麦秸组(WUS)、麦秸组(W);占干物质3％的无水氨氨化玉米秸组(CA)、占干物质5.4％的尿素加大豆粉氨化玉米秸组(CUS)、占干物质5.4％的尿素氨化玉米秸组(CU)、玉米秸组(C).各组牛秸秆自由采食,混合精料按体重的1％喂给。为了平衡日粮粗蛋白质水平,W组及C组每日每头分别加喂32克和37克尿素。试验结果表明:秸秆经氨化处理后含氮量提高88-151％,肉牛采食每公斤秸秆干物质的时间显著缩短。WA组、WUS组、W组、CA组CUS组、CU组和C组的日增重分别为0.66、0.54、0.52、0.57、0.63、0.56、0.48公斤(P<0.01)。添加大豆脲酶对尿素氨化玉米秸的效果无明显影响。  相似文献   

Effect of Supplementation of a Basal Diet of Maize Stover with Erythrina variegata,Gliricidia sepium or Leucaena leucocephala on Feed Intake and Digestibility by Goats     

Aregheore EM  Perera D 《Tropical animal health and production》2004,36(2):175-189

Two 4 x 4 Latin square design experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, four mature Anglo-Nubian x Fiji local goats, pre-experimental body weight 25.0 +/- 0.6 kg, 22-24 months old, were used to study the effect of supplementation of a basal diet of maize stover with Erythrina variegata (EV), Gliricidia sepium (GS) and Leucaena leucocephala (LL) on dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient digestibility. Maize stover treated with urea was used as a control diet. E. variegata was higher in crude protein content than LL or GS. The DMI of the urea treated stover diet was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the diets of untreated stover supplemented with forage legumes. The DMI was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the GS diet than in the EV or LL diets. Significant (p < 0.05) differences existed between the urea-treated stover and the diets of stover supplemented with forage legumes in the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), organic matter (OM) and energy. In experiment 2, four mature goats, pre-experimental body weight 27.0 +/- 0.3 kg, 24-28 months old, were used to measure their response when the urea-treated maize stover and the maize stover and forage legume diets were sprayed with molasses. The intake of the urea-treated stover diet sprayed with molasses was significantly lower (p < 0.05) that that of the maize stover/forage legume diets sprayed with molasses. The DMI of the diets improved with the addition of molasses. The DMI among the goats offered the maize stover/forage legume diets + molasses did not differ significantly. (p > 0.05). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were obtained in this second study between the urea-treated stover and the stover supplemented with forage legumes in the digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, OM and energy. The stover supplemented with forage legumes had a higher (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility. The present studies demonstrated that the use of forage legumes as protein supplements improved the feed quality of maize stover in the diets of mature goats. It is suggested that molasses should be sprayed on fresh leaves of Gliricicia sepium and other forage legumes that are initially rejected, in order to improve acceptance and DMI when fed to ruminant animals in confinement or in a cut-and-carry system of production.  相似文献   

秸秆可溶性糖测定时样品前处理条件的优化     

牛文娟  肖卫华  刘贤  冯纶  范崇欣  韩鲁佳 《中国农业大学学报》2012,17(5):99-104

为确定秸秆可溶性糖测定时样品的最佳前处理条件,研究单因素对玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆可溶性糖得率的影响。利用中心组合试验(Box-Behnken)和响应曲面法(RSM)对主要前处理参数进行优化,并得到回归模型。结果表明:固液比(秸秆质量与水体积比)、水浴温度、提取时间和存放时间对玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆可溶性糖得率影响显著(P<0.05)。回归方程较好的反映了可溶性糖得率与固液比、水浴温度和提取时间的关系。玉米秸秆可溶性糖测定的最佳前处理条件为,固液比0.31g/mL,水浴温度94℃,提取时间63min,此条件下的可溶性糖得率为3.85%。小麦秸秆可溶性糖测定的最佳前处理条件为,固液比0.33g/mL,水浴温度95℃,提取时间58min,此条件下的可溶性糖得率为3.39%。  相似文献