Effect of take-all root infections on nitrate uptake in winter wheat     

A. Schoeny †  F. Devienne-Barret  M.-H. Jeuffroy  P. Lucas 《Plant pathology》2003,52(1):52-59

The effect of take-all root lesions on nitrate uptake of wheat was investigated in two experiments under controlled conditions. Plants were supplied with a nutrient solution labelled with ¹⁵N during stem elongation and flowering to assess the distribution of the isotopic tracer in the different plant organs, and particularly in root segments located on both sides of take-all lesions. The ¹⁵N atom percentage excess measured in root segments located below lesions longer than 1 cm was reduced on average by half compared with that in healthy roots and root segments above lesions, reflecting a reduction in nitrogen uptake by these root segments. This reduction probably resulted from the invasion and breakdown of phloem vessels by the fungus hyphae, interrupting energy supply and thus the uptake process. Severely infected plants showed an increase in the uptake rate per unit of efficient root, which appeared to be a compensatory response to reduction of efficient root biomass in order to satisfy shoot nitrogen demand. However, this compensatory response was insufficient to ensure nitrogen accumulation equivalent to that of healthy plants, as reductions in nitrogen accumulated in roots and aerial parts at flowering were up to 56 and 49%, respectively, for plants with more than 50% of the root system below lesions longer than 1 cm.  相似文献   

Methods for studying population structure, including sensitivity to the fungicide silthiofam, of the cereal take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici     

J. Freeman†‡  E. Ward  R. J. Gutteridge  G. L. Bateman 《Plant pathology》2005,54(5):686-698

Field isolates ( n  = 144) of the wheat take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ( Ggt ) were tested for sensitivity to silthiofam, a take-all-specific fungicide used as a seed treatment, and identified as A- or B-type by PCR–RFLP analysis of nuclear rDNA. A possible association was identified between polymorphisms in ITS2 of the nuclear rDNA and sensitivity to silthiofam. A Ggt -specific PCR assay was developed which simultaneously identified isolates of Ggt as A- or B-type, based on the polymorphisms in the nuclear rDNA. A highly significant correlation between Ggt type using the PCR assay and sensitivity to silthiofam was demonstrated in a collection of 358 isolates from three field experiments designed to test the effects of seed-treatment fungicides on take-all and Ggt populations in winter wheat. In one experiment the percentages of silthiofam-sensitive and B-type isolates were significantly less in populations from plots sown with silthiofam-treated seed in two consecutive years than in populations from plots sown with nontreated seed. However, silthiofam still provided a significant amount of control of take-all. The natural occurrence of fungicide-insensitive isolates, up to about 30% in soils in which the fungicide had never been used, is unusual. The new PCR assay provides a useful tool for studying the population structure of Ggt , and may provide a novel method for assessing the incidence of insensitivity to silthiofam (the target site for which has not yet been identified) in field populations of Ggt .  相似文献   

Effects of different cultivated or weed grasses, grown as pure stands or in combination with wheat, on take-all and its suppression in subsequent wheat crops     

R. J. Gutteridge  J. F. Jenkyn  G. L. Bateman 《Plant pathology》2006,55(5):696-704

Grass species were grown in plots, as pure stands or mixed with wheat, after a sequence of wheat crops in which take-all ( Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ) had developed. Annual brome grasses maintained take-all inoculum in the soil as well as wheat (grown as a continuous sequence), and much better than cultivated species with a perennial habit. Take-all developed more in wheat grown after Anisantha sterilis (barren brome) or Bromus secalinus (rye brome), with or without wheat, than in continuous grass-free wheat in the same year, where take-all decline was apparently occurring. It was equally or more severe, however, in wheat grown after Lolium perenne (rye-grass) or Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue), despite these species having left the least inoculum in the soil. It was most severe in plots where these two grasses had been grown as mixtures with wheat. It is postulated that the presence of these grasses inhibited the development of take-all-suppressive microbiota that had developed in the grass-free wheat crops. The effects of the grasses appeared to be temporary, as amounts of take-all in a second subsequent winter wheat test crop were similar after all treatments. These results have important implications for take-all risk in wheat and, perhaps, other cereal crops grown after grass weed-infested cereals or after set-aside or similar 1-year covers containing weeds or sown grasses, especially in combination with cereal volunteers. They also indicate that grasses might be used experimentally in wheat crop sequences for investigating the mechanisms of suppression of, and conduciveness to, take-all.  相似文献   

利用响应面法优化全蚀病生防菌YB-81的发酵条件     

全鑫  杨艳艳  杨丽荣  武超  薛保国 《天津农业科学》2014,(9):57-61

为了优化全蚀病生防菌株YB-81的发酵培养基及培养条件,提高其对全蚀病的抑制效果,在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法(Response surface methodology)对小麦全蚀病生防菌株YB-81的发酵条件进行优化。生防菌株YB-81的最优发酵条件为:时间36h,温度36℃,初始pH值8.0,转速200 r·min-1,牛肉膏+葡萄糖(1∶1)0.53%,蛋白胨0.99%,氯化钠0.20%。在此培养条件下试验,其菌落总数为18.8亿个·mL-1,较基础培养基提高了72%,对全蚀病菌抑制率达到87.2%,较优化前提高了32.5%。生防菌YB-81的最优发酵培养条件的确定,可为该菌大规模生产应用提供理论基础。  相似文献   

西北地区小麦全蚀病菌生物学特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁红旭  商鸿生  王美楠  马伏宁 《西北农业学报》1999,8(3):33-36

利用从西北地区分离的２０个全蚀病菌（Ｇａｅｕｍａｎｎｏｍｙｃｅｓｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓｖａｒ．ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉ）菌株,对小麦全蚀病菌生物学特性及７种禾本作物致病性进行了研究。结果表明,该菌能在５－３３℃、ｐＨ４．０－１０．０范围内生长。在３℃或３５℃时,所有菌株停止生长。  相似文献   

基于无人机数字图像与高光谱数据融合的小麦全蚀病等级的快速分类技术     

乔红波  师越  司海平  吴旭  郭伟  时雷  马新明  周益林 《植物保护》2015,41(6):157-162

小麦全蚀病是检疫性的土传病害,对小麦生产危害极大,对其发生的监测是治理的根本。遥感技术可实时、宏观地监测病害发生发展,尤其是将光谱信息与高分辨率数字图像进行融合,可直观、精准地对病害识别和分类。本文基于计算机视觉技术,通过光谱数据与高分辨率数字图像结合的方法,对小麦全蚀病等级进行快速分类。首先,通过ASD非成像光谱仪获取小麦全蚀病的光谱信息,提取全蚀病特征光谱,建立光谱比。其次,利用无人机获取的实时田间数码图像,对其颜色特征进行重量化。最后,利用基于支持向量机的决策树分类对图像视场中的不同全蚀病等级进行分类。结果表明,4个全蚀病等级的分类精度均大于86%(Kappa0.81),平均运算时间小于30s。通过与实地调查的小麦全蚀病的白穗率等级做比对,验证分类结果的准确性,结果表明该方法基本可以实现对小麦全蚀病等级的实时监测。  相似文献   

转AcAMP-sn基因抗全蚀病小麦新种质的创制与鉴定     

中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 《作物学报》2014,40(1):22-28

抗菌肽是一类具有广谱抗菌性的小分子多肽,在植物防卫反应中起着重要作用。本研究人工合成了洋葱抗菌肽基因AcAMP-sn,利用基因重组技术构建了该基因的单子叶植物表达载体pAHC25::AcAMP-sn,使AcAMP-sn基因的表达受玉米Ubiqutin启动子控制。采用基因枪介导法,将AcAMP-sn基因导入小麦品种扬麦18,利用PCR、半定量RT-PCR及荧光实时定量RT-PCR检测、分析转基因小麦T0~T4代目的基因及其表达量,并对转基因植株进行全蚀病的抗性鉴定。PCR检测结果表明,导入的AcAMP-sn基因能够在转基因小麦中遗传。与受体扬麦18相比,在5个转基因小麦T4代株系中,AcAMP-sn基因的表达量及全蚀病抗性均显著提高,且全蚀病菌的相对含量明显下降,说明AcAMP-sn基因的过表达可以增强转基因小麦对全蚀病的抗性。  相似文献   

禾顶囊壳对小麦初生根和次生根的侵染性研究     

左广胜郑彦周  李雪梅刘常宏 《中国农学通报》2009,25(19):209-212

采用室内盆栽接种法,测定了全蚀病菌?禾顶囊壳小麦变种对小麦初生根与次生根的侵染性。结果表明,小麦初生根易感全蚀病菌,是禾顶囊壳小麦变种的主要侵染部位,而次生根相对抗病,其发病轻重与次生根的生理年龄和小麦品种的抗病性有关。小麦8793-8较76120抗禾顶囊壳小麦变种的侵染。  相似文献   

小麦诱导抗性基因TaWIR1b的克隆及表达分析     

王俊美  徐飞  宋玉立  李亚红  刘露露  韩自行 《植物保护》2017,43(5):150-153

全蚀病是小麦上一种重要的土传病害。选育和种植抗病品种是防治小麦全蚀病的根本途径,抗病基因研究是抗病育种的基础性工作。根据基因TaWIR1b(Accession no.M94959.1)的全长序列设计引物扩增‘新农19’的cDNA,获得了完整ORF,编码85个氨基酸残基,比对后发现与TaWIR1b序列同源性达100%。根据获得的TaWIR1b基因全长序列设计定量引物,分析TaWIR1b在全蚀菌胁迫条件下不同互作模式的表达特征。结果表明接种全蚀病菌后抗病小麦品种‘新农19’中TaWIR1b基因被诱导表达,接菌后3d达到峰值143.97,感病品种‘新麦19’中峰值出现在接菌后8d,表达量仅为对照的4.22倍,提示该基因可能参与小麦对全蚀病的抗病过程。  相似文献   

Genetic evidence for differentiation of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici into two major groups     

S. Daval  L. Lebreton  K. Gazengel  A.-Y. Guillerm-Erckelboudt  A. Sarniguet 《Plant pathology》2010,59(1):165-178

  相似文献