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1.
虫酰肼的高效液相色谱分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文建立了一种虫酰肼的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法的变异系数0.39%，回收率在99.1%-102.8%之间，外标法定量。 相似文献
2.
The interactions between six insecticides (indoxacarb, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl, tebufenozide and chlorfenapyr) and three potential synergists, (piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM)) were studied by dietary exposure in a multi-resistant and a susceptible strain of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). The synergists did not produce appreciable synergism with most of the insecticides in the susceptible strain. Except for tebufenozide, PBO synergized all the insecticides to varying degrees in the resistant strain. A very high level of synergism by PBO was found with indoxacarb, which reduced the resistance level from 705- to 20-fold when PBO was administered alone and to around 10-fold when used in combination with DEF. DEF also synergized indoxacarb, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl and tebufenozide in the resistant strain. DEM produced synergism of indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr in the resistant strain. DEM was highly synergistic to cypermethrin, and to some extent to tebufenozide in both the susceptible and resistant strains equally, implying that detoxification by glutathione S-transferases was not a mechanism of resistance for these insecticides. The high level of synergism seen with DEM in the case of cypermethrin may be due to an increase in oxidative stress resulting from the removal of the antioxidant, glutathione. These studies indicate that enhanced detoxification, often mediated by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, but with probable esterase and glutathione S-transferase contributions in some cases, is the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides in C. rosaceana. 相似文献
3.
呋喃虫酰肼对舞毒蛾生长发育和保护酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为进一步揭示呋喃虫酰肼对舞毒蛾的杀虫活性,分别采用叶片药膜法、质量法和酶活性测定法研究了呋喃虫酰肼对舞毒蛾幼虫的毒力、对舞毒蛾食物利用以及对其保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:呋喃虫酰肼对舞毒蛾幼虫24 h致死中质量浓度（LC50）分别为3龄0.369 mg/L和5龄0.842 mg/L。用LC10和LC30剂量呋喃虫酰肼连续处理3龄幼虫后,其发育时间均明显延长,幼虫的成活率明显降低;其幼虫相对生长率（RGR）、相对取食量（RCR）、食物利用率（ECI）和食物转化率（ECD）均显著低于对照。舞毒蛾3龄和5龄幼虫经LC50剂量呋喃虫酰肼处理后,其体内的酚氧化酶（PO）、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、几丁质酶和5龄幼虫体内过氧化物酶(POD)均表现为先激活后抑制再激活的作用;3龄和5龄幼虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）表现为先激活后抑制的作用;3龄幼虫体内过氧化物酶(POD)则表现为显著的抑制作用。以上结果表明,呋喃虫酰肼通过影响舞毒蛾生长发育、食物利用及幼虫体内保护酶的活性,表现其杀虫活性。 相似文献
4.
Beresford L. Cadogan Dean Thompson Arthur Retnakaran Roger D. Scharbach Arthur Robinson Bozena Staznik 《Pest management science》1998,53(1):80-90
A field trial was conducted in 1994 to determine the foliar deposit of tebufenozide (RH5992), applied aerially, and its efficacy against spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). A commercial 240 g litre-1 formulation of the insecticide (Mimic 240LV) was mixed with water, dyed with a tracer dye (Rhodamine WT) and sprayed with a light fixed-wing aircraft. Six application strategies were tested. Five used 70 g AI ha-1 in a spray volume of 1 or 2 litre-1 ha-1 with single or double applications; the sixth was an unsprayed control. Results show that the spectra of the spray applications were, with one exception, fairly uniform. Volume and number median diameters ranged from 100 to 130 μm and 27 to 72 μm, respectively. Mean number of drops cm-2 on Kromekote cards were <2·0 for strategies where either 1 or 2 litre ha-1 were sprayed. Nevertheless no one strategy produced droplet densities that were significantly different (P<0·05) from the other strategies. Tebufenozide recovered from foliage averaged 2·5 to 5·9 μg g foliage-1 when 1 litre ha-1 was sprayed and 5·8 to 6·8 μg g foliage-1 after 2 litre ha-1 were sprayed. When a single application was the strategy used, the mean number of droplets cm-2 and μg tebufenozide g foliage-1 ranged from 1·2 to 1·4 and 2·5 to 5·9, respectively. With double applications, the same response parameters ranged from 0·3 to 1·9 and 2·5 to 6·8, respectively. Budworm population reductions (%) and the number of larvae that survived tebufenozide treatments were significantly different (P<0·05) from the controls. After strategies that used 1 litre spray ha-1, mean percentage population reductions ranged from 61·4 to 93·6 whereas populations were reduced by 85·6 to 98·3% when 2 litre ha-1 were sprayed. After double applications the mean percentage population reductions ranged from 93·6 to 98·3, but single application strategies resulted in mean reductions of 61 to 86%. Mean population reductions in the controls were 61%. The mean number of larvae per branch that survived spray strategies of 1 litre ha-1 ranged from 1·3 to 7·4, and from 0·4 to 1·3 when 2 litre ha-1 was the spray volume. In the controls an average of 10·2 larvae survived. With one exception, mean percentage defoliation in the treated areas was also significantly less (P<0·05) than that in the control. Mean defoliation in trees sprayed at 1 litre spray ha-1 ranged from 40 to 62·8% whereas those treated at 2 litre ha-1 had mean defoliation levels from 31·5 to 62·8%. In contrast, average defoliation in the controls was 92·1%. When a single application was the spray strategy, mean defoliation ranged from 31·5 to 62·8%. These data imply that a double application of tebufenozide at 70 g in 2 litre ha-1 was the most efficacious strategy. However, analyses of the data also show that the primary influence on deposits and defoliation was interactions between number of applications and spray. Nevertheless the two independent variables acted without significant interactions when influencing percentage reductions of spruce budworm populations. © 1998 SCI 相似文献
5.
K. M. S. Sundaram 《Pest management science》1997,51(1):7-20
The persistence and dissipation behaviour of tebufenozide, an ecdysone agonist, were investigated: (1) under laboratory conditions in aquatic models set up in glass aquaria, and (2) under field conditions in in-situ aquatic enclosures deployed in a mixed-wood boreal forest lake. Two models were set up in the laboratory study (Study I), which was conducted at constant conditions of temperature, water pH and photoperiod. In Model I, partitioning of tebufenozide from sediment, treated at a concentration of 1400 μg kg-1, into untreated water was examined. The results showed that the chemical moved very little from the treated sediment into water. The concentration in sediment and water decreased gradually during the 90-day incubation period. Tebufenozide disappeared faster from the top layer of sediment than from the middle and bottom layers. The half-lives of disappearance were 64 days for the top layer but >90 days for the middle and bottom layers respectively. In Model II, partitioning from water, treated at a concentration of 350 μg litre-1, into untreated sediment was investigated. The results showed that the chemical moved from treated water into sediment due to adsorption. Little vertical downward movement of the adsorbed residues from the top layer of sediment occurred into layers beneath. The adsorbed residues were also not released readily back into water. The concentration in water and sediment decreased gradually during the 90-day incubation period. The half-life of dissipation from water was 67 days. The field microcosm study (Study II), conducted under fluctuating conditions of temperature, water pH and photoperiod, involved application of tebufenozide onto aquatic enclosures at four concentrations of 0·05, 0·10, 0·26 and 0·5 mg litre-1. This study also showed that the chemical moved downwards from the applied location and was adsorbed onto sediment. The chemical persisted longer in Study II than in Study I. Tebufenozide, being photo-labile, probably degraded faster after constant exposure to light in Study I than after exposure to fluctuating light in Study II. At 90 days after treatment in Study I, only about 55% of the applied material persisted in the sediment, and there was little accumulation. In Study II, the material not only persisted but also was accumulated in the sediment, since at 92 days post-treatment the residues were about 25 times higher than the applied concentration level. Residues in water also decreased more rapidly in Study I than in Study II, because the concentration at 90 days post-treatment was about 41% of the applied value. In Study II, however, about 65% of the applied chemical persisted in water at 92 days post-treatment. While the long persistence of tebufenozide in both the laboratory and field studies was attributable to its low vapour pressure, low water solubility, high octanol/water partition coefficient etc., the differences in the persistence characteristics observed in the two studies were due to the fluctuating environmental conditions and water pH encountered in the field study, compared with the constant environmental conditions and water pH utilized in the laboratory study. © 1997 SCI. 相似文献
6.
采用湿式超微粉碎加工工艺,对不同润湿分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂、消泡剂等进行了筛选,得到了25%虫酰肼.毒死蜱悬浮剂的最佳制剂配方为:虫酰肼20%、毒死蜱5%、农乳500#2%、农乳34#6%、NNO 0.5%、拉开粉BX1%、白炭黑0.2%、乙二醇7%、黄原胶0.09%、消泡剂0.2%,水补足。产品悬浮率≥90%,分散性良好,热贮和冷贮稳定性合格。 相似文献
7.
虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾六类酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用一个采自武汉地区的甜菜夜蛾田间种群(N)和一个相对敏感种群(CK),比较了甜菜夜蛾的表皮酚氧化酶(PPO)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(TCE)、谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活力差异。用含有0.14mg/kg(致死中量)虫酰肼的带毒饲料处理CK种群的甜菜夜蛾,处理后24、48h和72h测定酶活力,结果与CK种群相比,PPO酶活力分别降低79.12%、10.54%和56.23%;SOD酶活力分别上升71.59%、63.16%和79.55%;GST酶活力在处理后24h酶活力上升41.43%。N种群与CK种群比,PPO酶活力降低38.47%;GST酶活力升高34.20%。采用PAGE凝胶电泳方法比较了CK、N和用虫酰肼分别汰选CK种群4代和6代的甜菜夜蛾种群酯酶同工酶谱差异。结果表明,CK共有15条酯酶同工酶带,N和汰选种群均只有10条带。研究结果初步表明甜菜夜蛾对虫酰肼的抗药性可能与PPO、GST、SOD、EI酶活力变化有关,与CAT关系不大,与TCE无关。 相似文献
8.
LIU Wei-wei MU Wei ZHU Bing-yu LIU Feng 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(10):1222-1227
In this article, the selection of tebufenozide to beet armyworm （Spodoptera exigua Htibner） was studied by the treatments to alternative generations＇ 3rd-instar larvae with LC50 dose and to continuous generations＇ larvae with LC10 dose; the effects of tebufenozide on the biological characteristics of current and subsequent generations were examined by the treatments to 3rd-instar larvae and egg pods in different concentrations. After treatments with LC50 dose till F11, the toxicity of tebufenozide to beet armyworm had no significant change, whereas the pupation rate, pupal weight, and fecundity were reduced markedly. After treatments with LC10 dose till Fl9, the beet armyworm only developed 3.52-fold resistance, and the main biological characteristics were nearly accordant in each generation. The livability was reduced 72 h later after treatments to 3rd-instar larvae, respectively in 2.5-40 μg mL^-1, and larval duration, pupation rate, and pupal weight changed considerably with the increase in concentrations. The fecundity, larval livability, larval weight and pupal weight of subsequent generations were reduced as the dose increased over 10 μg mL^-1. The hatching rate of egg pods did not differ with that of the controls obviously after treatment in 10-300 μg mL^-1. But the larval livability, larval weight and pupal weight were reduced when eggs were exposed to 50 μg mL^-1 dose or more. The results indicated that tebufenozide had low resistance risk to the current and subsequent generations of beet armyworm even if tebufenozide had significant effects on the biological characteristics of this insect. 相似文献
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10.
Tebufenozide resistance selected in Plutella xylostella and its cross-resistance and fitness cost 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
A susceptible strain of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), was used to select for resistance to tebufenozide in the laboratory. After continuous selection with tebufenozide 17 times during 35 generations, a resistant strain was achieved with high resistance to tebufenozide (RR 93.8). Bioassay revealed that this strain showed high cross-resistance to abamectin (RR 35.7), methoxyfenozide (29.1) and JS118 (16.5), and a little to deltamethrin (3.9), but no obvious cross-resistance was found to cypermethrin (1.3), fipronil (1.3), trichlorfon (1.1), chlorfenapyr (1.0), phoxim (0.9) and acephate (0.8). The resistant and susceptible insects had similar development rates, but life table tests indicated that the resistant strain showed reproductive disadvantages, including decreased copulation rate, reproductivity and hatchability. When compared with the susceptible strain, the resistant insects had a relative fitness of only 0.3. This indicated that tebufenozide resistance selected under laboratory conditions had considerable fitness costs in this pest, and therefore rotational use of insecticides without cross-resistance is recommended to delay development of resistance. 相似文献