评价适合选育加工型马铃薯品种的杂交组合   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金光辉  白雅梅  孙秀梅  吕文河 《中国马铃薯》2005,19(6):326-329

中国马铃薯的种植面积和产量均占世界首位,随着人们生活水平的提高和饮食结构的改善,以及外资企业在中国的纷纷建厂,对食品加工型马铃薯品种的市场需求日益增加,食品加工型马铃薯品种的培育已成为当务之急。本文根据食品加工型马铃薯品种的6项选育指标(炸制品质、薯形、产量、大中薯率、抗病性、熟期),对14个马铃薯杂交组合进行单个指标的评价和组合的级别评价,最终确定组合F81109×B5141-6、B5141-6×F58050、F67128×F61101、F49013×F61101、F71002×F59103可作为选育食品加工型马铃薯品种比较有前景的杂交组合。  相似文献   

Influence of the Indoleacetic Acid-Lysine Synthetase Gene (iaaL) of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi on Yield Attributes of Potatoes     

M. Fladung 《Plant Breeding》1993,111(3):242-245

The iaaL gene of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi encodes an indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase which conjugates free indoleacetic acid (IAA) with lysine. lAA-lys is biologically less active than free IAA. The iaaL coding region was expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transgenic potato plants were produced (Spena et al. 1991). 35S iaaL potato plants are characterized by increased internodal length and epinastic bending of older leaves. In three greenhouse experiments with plants grown in pots of different size and in two growth chamber experiments tuber number increased in iaaL transgenic plants compared to untransformed and vector-transformed controls of the same genotype. The increase in tuber numbers observed under controlled conditions was reflected in tuber yield which increased in the pot grown transgenics.  相似文献   

Aggressiveness and host specificity of Brazilian isolates of Phytophthora infestans   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

N. D. Suassuna‡  L. A. Maffia  E. S. G. Mizubuti† 《Plant pathology》2004,53(4):405-413

The population of Phytophthora infestans in Brazil consists of two clonal lineages, US-1 associated with tomatoes and BR-1 associated with potatoes. To assess whether host specificity in these lineages resulted from differences in aggressiveness to potato and tomato, six aggressiveness-related epidemiological components – infection frequency (IF), incubation period (IP), latent period (LP), lesion area (LA), lesion expansion rate (LER) and sporulation at several lesion ages (SSLA) – were measured on detached leaflets of late blight-susceptible potato and tomato plants. Infection frequency of US-1 was similar on potato and tomato leaflets, but IF of BR-1 was somewhat reduced on tomato. Incubation period was longer on both hosts with US-1, although this apparent lineage affect was not significant. Overall there was no host effect on IP. On potato, BR-1 had a shorter LP (110·3 h) and a larger LA (6·5 cm²) than US-1 (LP = 162·0 h; LA = 2·8 cm²). The highest LER resulted when isolates of BR-1 (0·121 cm² h⁻¹) and US-1 (0·053 cm² h⁻¹) were inoculated on potato and tomato leaflets, respectively. The highest values of the area under the sporulation capacity curve (AUSC) were obtained for isolates of US-1 inoculated on tomato leaflets (6146) and for isolates of BR-1 on potato leaflets (3775). In general, higher values of LA, LER, SSLA and AUSC, and shorter values of LP were measured when isolates of a clonal lineage were inoculated on their original host than with the opposite combinations. There is evidence that there are quantitative differences in aggressiveness components between isolates of US-1 and BR-1 clonal lineages that probably contribute to host specificity of P. infestans populations in Brazil.  相似文献   

Pathogenicity of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on potato     

N. Vovlas  D. Mifsud  B. B. Landa  P. Castillo † 《Plant pathology》2005,54(5):657-664

Host–parasite relationships and pathogenicity of Meloidogyne javanica on potatoes (newly recorded from Malta) were studied under glasshouse and natural conditions. Potato cvs Cara and Spunta showed a typical susceptible reaction to M. javanica under natural and artificial infections, respectively. In potato tubers, M. javanica induced feeding sites that consisted of three to four hypertrophied giant cells per adult female. Infection of feeder roots by the nematode resulted in mature large galls which usually contained at least one mature female and egg mass. In both tubers and roots, feeding sites were characterized by giant cells containing granular cytoplasm and many hypertrophied nuclei. Cytoplasm in giant cells was aggregated alongside the thickened cell walls. Stelar tissues within galls appeared disorganized. The relationship between initial nematode population density ( P ) [0–64 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2s) per cm³ soil] and growth of cv. Spunta potato seedlings was tested under glasshouse conditions. A Seinhorst model [ y = m  + (1 −  m ) z ^{( P − T )}] was fitted to fresh shoot weight and shoot height data of nematode-inoculated and control plants. Tolerance limits ( T ) for fresh shoot weight and shoot height of cv. Spunta plants infected with M. javanica were 0·50 and 0·64 eggs + J2s per cm³ soil, respectively. The m parameter in that model (i.e. the minimum possible y -values) for fresh shoot weight and shoot height were 0·60 and 0·20, respectively, at P  = 64 eggs + J2s per cm³ soil. Root galling was proportional to the initial nematode population density. Maximum nematode reproduction rate was 51·2 at a moderate initial population density ( P  = 4 eggs + J2s per cm³ soil).  相似文献   

马铃薯花色苷研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢其能  杨清 《北方园艺》2007,(9):54-57

综述了马铃薯花色苷的分布、种类、结构、提取纯化方法、生理功能和应用等方面的研究进展,并介绍了块茎在发育和储藏期间花色苷的变化及光、温等外界因素对马铃薯块茎颜色的影响.  相似文献   

马铃薯SoFtsH基因全长cDNA克隆与在干旱条件下表达研究     

范敏  金黎平  黄三文  谢开云  刘庆昌  屈冬玉 《作物学报》2007,33(11):1748-1754

FtsH (Filamentation Temperature-Sensitive H)是一种ATP和Zn²⁺依赖型金属蛋白酶，广泛存在于原核生物和真核生物中，在真核生物中是多基因家族。FtsH具有ATP酶活性、蛋白水解活性和分子伴侣活性，参与多种胁迫反应。从抗旱马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）二倍体品系H145中分离得到cDNA-AFLP差异片段,利用RACE技术克隆了SoFtsH cDNA全长序列, 并对其进行分析。结果表明, 该序列包含完整的开放阅读框，长为723 bp, 编码129个氨基酸。SoFtsH具有2个铁氧化还原蛋白结合位点，并存在信号肽序列、跨膜区域和Zn²⁺结合域。SoFtsH基因序列与GenBank数据库中的其他FtsH基因进行同源序列比对, 并构建系统进化树, 发现该基因与番茄、烟草、拟南芥等高等植物FtsH基因同源性达90%以上。半定量RT-PCR和Northern Blot杂交结果表明SoFtsH基因在干旱胁迫下叶片和根系里的表达量明显增加, 且在抗旱品系H145与干旱敏感品系H214中表达模式不同。说明SoFtsH基因在马铃薯抗旱中起作用。  相似文献   

Development of SCAR markers linked to the Ns locus in potato     

W. Marczewski    A. Talarczyk  J. Hennig 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(1):88-90

A random amplified polymorphic DNA marker OPG17₄₅₀ linked to the Ns gene that confers resistance of potato to potato virus S (PVS), was used to develop sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. After cloning and sequencing of OPG17₄₅₀ new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to generate dominant (SCG17₃₂₁) and codominant (SCG17₄₄₈) markers. For SCG17₄₄₈, polymorphism between susceptible and resistant genotypes was recovered after digestion of the marker with the restriction enzyme Muni. In addition to the band corresponding to ‘susceptible’ allele that does not contain the Muni cleavage site, two bands of approximately 251 bp and 197 bp were observed in the resistant genotypes. The usefulness of these SCAR markers was verified in diploid potatoes possessing the Ns locus from clone G‐LKS 678147/60, and in tetraploid potatoes derived from G‐LKS 678147/60 and from clone MPI 65118/3.  相似文献   

Selection of vigorous and fertile S-homo- and heterozygous tester clones from self-incompatible diploid potato, Solanum tuberosum L.     

R. Eijlander  M.S. Ramanna  E. Jacobsen 《Euphytica》1997,97(1):97-111

For the selection of diploid (2n = 2x = 24) potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes that are useful for the molecular and genetic analysis of the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility, three different types of basic populations were investigated. These populations were derived from three primary dihaploid clones, G609, G254 and B16, which possessed the S-allele combinations S1S2, S1S3 and S3S4 respectively. In order to select highly vigorous, profusely flowering, fertile and tuberising progenies, three types of populations, derived from the above mentioned diploid genotypes, were screened for performance and classified for the expression of self-incompatibility. Although the selection for well defined S-genotypes was sometimes complicated due to the occurrence of pseudo-compatibility and of a self-compatibilising factor, the use of a combination of criteria, viz., Iso Electric Focusing (IEF), pollen tube growth in the styles and the extent of berry and seed set made the selection of sufficient representatives of all six types of S-heterozygotes (S1S2, S1S3, S1S4, S2S3, S2S4 and S3S4) possible. After evaluating the strength of the self-incompatibility reaction in these heterozygotes, those with high expression were selfed, and intercrossed within their S-allele incompatibility group through the method of counterfeit pollination. In these progenies, well-performing S-homozygotes (S1S1; S2S2; S3S3; S4S4) for all four S-alleles with high expression of self-incompatibility were selected. As a result, all possible S-homo- and heterozygous genotypes with a predictable type of self-incompatibility are available and maintained both vegetatively and as botanical seed. The development of this material has paved the way for more critical analysis of molecular factors involved in self-incompatibility in diploid potato. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Resistance to the Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) in Diploid Potatoes     

K. M. Swiezynski    M. A. Dziewonska  K. Ostrowska 《Plant Breeding》1989,103(3):221-227

A high level of PLRV resistance has been found in four diploid genotypes originating from resistant ancestors widely utilized in European potato breeding. Plants of these genotypes were difficult to infect not only with aphids, but also with graft inoculation. Their resistance is associated with limited virus spread, but not with intolerance. The level of PLRV resistance in these genotypes appears to be comparable to a high level of resistance detected recently in some wild potato species. Evaluation of virus concentration after graft inoculation with PLRV was found useful in the selection of potato genotypes highly resistant to PLRV.  相似文献   

Linkage and quantitative trait locus mapping of foliage late blight resistance in the wild species Solanum vernei   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. K. Sørensen    M. H. Madsen    H. G. Kirk    D. K. Madsen    A. M. Torp 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(3):268-276

The global cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) is threatened by epidemics caused by new variants of the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. New sources of durable late blight resistance are urgently needed and these may be found in wild Solanum species. The diploid wild species, S. vernei, has not previously been subjected to mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for late blight resistance. Two populations designated HGIHJS and HGG, originating from a cross between a clone of S. vernei and two different S. tuberosum clones were evaluated in field trials for late blight infestation. The relative area under the disease progress curve (RAUDPC) was estimated and used for QTL mapping. A linkage map of S. vernei, comprising 11 linkage groups, nine of which could be assigned to chromosomes, was constructed. Results indicated that the resistance in S. vernei was quantitatively inherited. Significant QTLs for late blight resistance were identified on chromosomes VIII (HGG), VI and IX (HGIHJS). In addition, potential QTLs were detected on chromosomes VII (HGIHJS) and IX (HGG). A putative and a significant QTL for tuber yield were found on chromosomes VI and VII in HGG, but no linkage between yield and resistance was indicated. The QTL for late blight resistance, which mapped to chromosome IX, could be useful for late blight resistance breeding as it was located close to the microsatellite marker STM1051 in both populations.  相似文献