The effect of salinity on corn yield using the CERES-maize model     

José Beltrão  Jiftah Ben Asher 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1997,11(1):15-28

In most cases, when calculating soil water availability, only thewater content is considered. The effect of salinity on the wiltingpoint is neglected. The objective of this work is to use asimulation model (CERES-maize) in order to predict cornyields as a function of water salinity under severalenvironmental, agrotechnical, and plant characteristics. A modelis presented in which the wilting point is a function of the soilsalt content. At high salinity, the water content at wilting pointis higher than at low salinity, resulting in an insufficient amountof available water and, therefore, a reduced yield. The modelwas used to simulate several theoretical and experimentalsituations for forage corn and grain corn. Simulation resultsshowed that nitrogen fertilization increases the salinity thresholdvalue and the yield sensitivity (rate of yield reduction per unitof salinity). The also showed that forage corn is more sensitiveto salinity than grain corn. If the soil is not leached, a heaviersoil texture has a higher salinity threshold value. On the otherhand, if the soil is leached, the soil texture has no influence onthe salinity threshold value and the yield is less sensitive tosalinity in sandy soils. The determination coefficient (r²= 0.75) indicated that the results of the simulations were in goodagreement with the field data.  相似文献   

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mahdi Gheysari  Seyed Majid Mirlatifi  Mehdi Homaee  Gerrit Hoogenboom 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(6):946-954

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.  相似文献   

黑龙江省农田土壤蓄水量盈亏状况的垂直变化规律研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

赵秀兰  邹立尧  沈能展  罗盛国 《东北农业大学学报》2002,33(2):147-151

以农田土壤水分实测资料为基础 ,依据农田土壤水分常数与作物生长发育的关系创建了土壤蓄水量盈亏值指标。选择 3个典型站点研究黑龙江省农田土壤水分盈亏状况的垂直变化规律 ,结果为 :海伦从表层到 5 0 cm各个土层均为盈余 ,而且随深度的增加盈余先增加后下降 ,2 0 cm处为最高值 ;泰来的土壤水分从表层到 30 cm为增加 ,之后又下降 ,而且以 2 0 cm为界将盈余区与亏缺区划分开 ;总平均来看 ,宝清土壤水分随深度呈减少趋势 ,盈余减小 ,亏缺增大  相似文献   

晋西北旱坡地枣树蒸腾作用与萎蔫现象研究     

卢桂宾  赵雨明 《山西林业科技》2002,(3):1-6

以木枣为试材进行枣树蒸腾作用与萎蔫现象研究 ,结果表明 :晋西北黄土丘陵旱坡地枣树叶片在正常年份内的蒸腾速率为 0 .93 μg/ (s· cm2 ) ;枣树的蒸腾系数为3 81 .66,即枣树叶片每制造 1 g干物质需要消耗水分 3 81 .66g。枣树的萎蔫现象是指果实的萎蔫和叶片的萎蔫 ,枣树幼树叶片的永久萎蔫系数为 3 .5%,而枣树大树叶片的永久萎蔫系数应低于 3 .3 6%。果实萎蔫分为暂时萎蔫和永久萎蔫。果实萎蔫时期一般是在气温最高的 7月— 8月份 ,特殊年份可持续至 9月上旬 ,枣果实开始萎蔫时的土壤水分含量在 6%左右。  相似文献   

6—BA对切花菊瓶插期间生理效应的调节   总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24  

郭维明  章志红 《园艺学报》1997,24(4):364-368

研究了预处理和瓶插处理方式下不同浓度６－ＢＡ对‘四季黄’切花菊瓶插期间花与叶的水分状况等生理效应和瓶插寿命的影响，参数包括：含水量、相对紧张度及饱和亏缺、气孔开度、叶绿素和可溶蛋白动态等。结果表明，６－ＢＡ延衰保鲜作用与上述指标密切相关，预处方式下低浓度６－ＢＡ、特别是１ｍｇ／Ｌ对瓶插品质及寿命影响效果最好，瓶插方式下，超过１ｍｇ／Ｌ即出现抑制效应。讨论了６－ＢＡ缓解叶片早萎的现象。  相似文献   

Potential of a Fusarium eumartii culture filtrate on the screening for wilting resistance in potato     

Grisela L. Botta  María P. Dimarco  Alicia L. Melegari  Marcelo A. Huarte  Carlos A. Barassi 《Euphytica》1994,80(1-2):63-69

Summary Fusarium solani f.sp. eumartii Carp. Snyder and Hansen (Fusarium eumartii) is a soil inhabitant that induces the so-called Potato Wilt and Stem End Rot disease. Prior to wilting, the pathogen induces peculiar small bronze spots on the leaflets. Failure to isolate F. eumartii from infected leaflets suggests the involvement of a toxin in the disease. The fungus was grown in liquid Richard's medium and thereafter a filtrate was obtained dialyzing (MW cutoff 12,000–14,000) and sterilizing the culture by filtration (0.22 m). Potato leaves treated with both the pathogen or the filtrate showed symptoms of bronze spots and significantly higher electrolyte leakage when compared to controls. Tomato leaves showed neither bronze spots nor electrolyte leakage after plant inoculation with the pathogen or with the filtrate treatment. Both, the absence of visible symptoms and the lack of electrolyte leakage in tomato could be associated to a certain degree of host specificity of the F. eumartii filtrate towards potato. The filtrate also induced symptoms similar to infections by F. eumartii in adult plants and in vitro plantlets of cultivars Huinkul MAG and Kennebec. Callus responses to the filtrate were related to responses of the cultivars to the pathogen in greenhouse. These results show the potential of the culture filtrate of F. eumartii for use in screening for wilting resistance.  相似文献   

小麦灌浆后期青枯骤死原因分析及控制   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

郭天财  陈长海 《作物学报》1997,23(4):474-481

小麦灌浆后期植株衰老与活性氧自由基毒害和膜脂质过氧化密切相关。灌浆后期株体内活必砼谢平衡失调是青枯发生的主要内因：造成青枯的外因除与“Ｖ”型变温有关外，雨后骤晴的强光与高温协同作用亦是青枯发生的重要外因一。灌浆后期“Ｖ”型变温使麦株各器均受到伤害，尤其穗下茎受到伤害。青枯能否发生取决于植体内酶活力的高低、非酶清除剂含量的多少以及“Ｖ”型变温的强度和持续时间。选择优良品种、适时播种、合理施肥和加强  相似文献   

甘肃几种旱地土壤颗粒组成及其对土壤水分常数的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李小刚 《甘肃农业大学学报》1993,28(4):376-379

甘肃中部、东部地区的几种代表性土壤的颗粒组成中含量最多的是粗粉粒(0.05～0.01mm),土壤质地以壤土为主。最大吸湿水含量和凋萎湿度与<0.01mm颗粒含量呈显著直线正相关。通过最大吸湿水含量计算得出的凋萎湿度与实测值具有很好的吻合性,因而在实际工作中可直接进行计算获得凋萎湿度,免去生物测试工作的烦琐。  相似文献   

盆栽花木萎蔫的原因及防治     

张吉献 《北京农业》2012,(3):57-58

植物失水,细胞不能维持正常紧张所表现的症状叫做萎蔫。由于植物在吸收水的同时也在散失水(如蒸腾),当土壤的水势低于某一数值时,这种水的吸收和散失就不能平衡,散失的水分将多于吸收的水分,植物将失去膨压而发生萎蔫。此时若减少水的散失,水分又可达到新的平衡,因此植物膨压恢复,萎蔫现象消失。从光照、干旱、涝渍、温度、土壤、施肥和病虫害防治等方面来阐述导致盆栽花木萎蔫的原因,并提出相应的防治策落。  相似文献   

密集烤房不同装烟量与烟叶不同凋萎程度的烘烤效应研究     

黄泰松  金亚波  张纪利  梁永进  韦建玉  李章海  徐增汉 《广东农业科学》2012,39(12):36-38

对气流下降式密集烤房不同装烟量与烟叶不同凋萎程度的烘烤效应进行对比研究。结果表明,装烟量与烟叶凋萎程度的烘烤效应不同,有一定差异。轻度凋萎密集装烟(T2处理)与未凋萎半密集装烟(T1处理)相比,综合烘烤效应较好,烤后烟叶内在质量有所提高,烘烤成本明显降低。中性香气成分总量(新植二烯除外)有所增加,其中二氢-2-甲基呋喃酮、糠醇、2-环戊烯-1,4-二酮、香叶基丙酮含量分别增加154.64、107.14、66.67、92.08个百分点;上等烟比例提高8%,装烟重量增加77.07%,单位干烟叶耗煤量降低36.42%。  相似文献