Combined effect of generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds andTrichoderma harzianum on the control of postharvest diseases of rambutan     

D. Sivakumar  R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam  M. Abeyesekere  R. L. C. Wijesundera 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(1):43-51

Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of the rambutan postharvest diseases stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different treatments of rambutan fruits(Nephelium lappaceum) against the three pathogens were compared: potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm), each combined withTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40). The application of TrH 40 and potassium metabisulphite effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the three postharvest diseases and maintained the overall quality and color of the fruit under low temperature storage at 13.5°C and 95% r.h. for 18 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was shown onG. microchlamydosporum. Cinnamaldehyde affected the growth and germination of TrH 40, whereas potassium metabisulphite did not. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001.  相似文献   

Effect of GRAS compounds on mycelial growth, pectic enzyme activity and disease severity of postharvest pathogens on rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum)     

D. Sivakumar  R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam  R. L. C. Wijesundera 《Phytoparasitica》2001,29(2):135-141

The GRAS compounds cinnamaldehyde (at 30 ppm), acetaldehyde (at 70 ppm), benzalde-hyde (at 50 ppm) and potassium metabisulphite (at 250 ppm) either completely inhibited or significantly reduced thein vitro mycelial growth ofGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosponim,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andBotryodiplodia theobromae, the causative fungi of brown spot, anthracnose and stem end rot, respectively, of rambutan fruits,Nephelium lappaceum. The four compounds also significantly reduced the severity of all three diseases and the activity of pectic lyase and polygalacturonase enzymes secreted by the three fungi.  相似文献   

芒果蒂腐病菌对芒果采后乙烯释放和ACC含量的影响     

高兆银  胡美姣  李敏  杨凤珍 《热带作物学报》2010,31(10):1785-1789

测定芒果蒂腐病菌(Botryodiplodia theobromae)对芒果果实乙烯代谢的影响,结果表明:B.theobromae在芒果果肉培养基上不产生乙烯,但是B.theobromae代谢活动能诱导芒果果肉中产生大量的1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC),导致芒果快速释放乙烯,随着发病程度增加和贮藏期延长,乙烯释放速率快速增加。高浓度乙烯使芒果果肉快速软化,在25℃条件下,果实在发病后3～5 d就完全腐烂。  相似文献   

Identification of levels of resistance to cassava root rot disease (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Botryodiplodia theobromae</Emphasis>) in African landraces and improved germplasm using <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> inoculation method     

T.?J.?OnyekaEmail author  A.?G.?O.?Dixon  E.?J.?A.?Ekpo 《Euphytica》2005,145(3):281-288

Cassava root rot disease is an increasing problem in Africa where yield losses of about 80% have been recorded. We evaluated 290 African landraces and 306 improved genotypes from the germplasm collections of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), for sources of resistance using root slice laboratory assay. Disease severity was assessed quantitatively by direct percentage estimation (PS) and by use of a rating scale (RS). Both methods of assessment were compared for identification of variability in the germplasm, and genotypes were classified into response groups using an enlarged rank-sum method that combined the PS and RS assessments. The two scoring methods revealed continuous variation (P < 0.001) for resistance in the sets of germplasm. Disease assessments based on PS and RS were highly correlated in both the improved germplasm (r = 0.75) and the landraces (r = 0.72). Based on PS assessment, 50 improved genotypes (16.3%) and 53 landraces (18.3%) showed significantly lower disease scores than the resistant control. The rank-sum method separated each set of collections into highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible groups. Fifty-nine improved genotypes (16.4%) and 61 African landraces (16.9%) were identified as either highly resistant or resistant. Generally, these genotypes exhibited resistance by limiting the growth of the pathogen (reduced amount of invaded surface area). This type of rate-reducing resistance is highly heritable and a quantitative trait which can be harnessed in breeding. Genotypes subsets were identified for further studies into the genetic basis of resistance to root rot disease.  相似文献   

湿地松色二孢菌和可可球二孢菌根腐病研究     

钟小平  梁子超 《华南农业大学学报》1990,11(1):43-49

松树根腐病在我国首次发现于雷州半岛10年生左右的湿地松林分。病原菌被鉴定为松色二孢菌Diplodia pinea,另外还发现可可球二孢菌Botryodiplodia theobromae不侵染马尾松,但对湿地松、火炬松和加勒比松也是一种病原菌。 松色二孢菌在林间土病根内以菌丝体方式可存活150天以上,在室内5～50％含水量自然土中,菌丝体和分生孢子可存活120天以上。 松色二孢菌在含水量为40％的湿地松离体根内扩展较快.在含水量为50～70％的离体根内扩展较慢。不论接种前或接种后调节土壤的含水量,一年生松苗的死亡率在含水量为50％土壤中较低,在含水量为5～25％土壤中较高。苗木要经过约20天的干旱影响后,才显示出较易受病菌的侵染。  相似文献   

腔孢纲的几个新记录和新寄主   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹以勤  鞠里红  陆家云 《南京农业大学学报》1989,(3)

本文记述了腔孢纲(Coelomycetes)的2个新记录、新寄主和另1个新寄主:月季叶片上的球果状双毛壳孢(Discosia strobilina Lib.)和栗生壳座月孢[Coniella castaneicola(Ellis et EV.)Sutton]新记录,月季为这两种菌的新寄主;鹅观草叶片上的可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae(Pat.)Griff etMaubl.],鹅现草是此菌的新寄主。  相似文献   

龙眼果实潜伏性病原真菌的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张居念  林河通  谢联辉  林奇英  王宗华 《热带作物学报》2006,27(4):78-82

采用快速、简便的果肉分离法，从健康龙眼果实中分离潜伏侵染的真菌。经形态和致病性鉴定，2个分离频率较高的潜伏侵染真菌为龙眼拟茎点霉[Phomopsis longanae Chi]和可可毛色二孢[Lasiodiplodia theobromae（Pat．）Griff．＆ Maubl．]；不同发育阶段的龙眼果实分离结果表明，龙眼拟茎点霉在花期RH可侵染，而可可毛色二孢主要在龙眼果实膨大期侵染。研究结果为制定龙眼果实采后病害综合防治策略提供依据。  相似文献   

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定     

任亚峰  包兴涛  李冬雪  王勇  王德炉  宋宝安  陈卓 《植物病理学报》1955,49(6):857-861

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.  相似文献   

防治木材变色的植物精油优选     

胡拉  秦理哲  陈虎  杨章旗 《森林与环境学报》2019,(4):357-361

为了开发木材变色防治用的天然环保产品,选用19种植物精油,依据精油的挥发速率及其对培养基中变色菌的抑菌效力,筛选综合性能较优的精油产品。结果表明,植物精油的挥发速率为7.9~550.8g·m^-2·h^-1,迷迭香和丝柏精油挥发较快,而雪松、肉桂和安息香精油挥发较慢。随着植物精油的体积分数由0.01%提高至0.05%,其对可可球二孢和串珠镰刀菌的平均抑菌效力分别由19%和21%增加至50%和59%,抑菌性能明显增强。以抑菌效力为变量的聚类分析表明,肉桂、丁香花、柠檬草和百里香4种植物精油对两种变色菌表现出较优的抑菌特性,其在体积分数0.05%条件下的抑菌效力达到100%。综合考虑抑菌效力和作用持久性,肉桂、丁香花和柠檬草精油是防治可可球二孢和串珠镰刀菌的较优品种。  相似文献   

可可毛色二孢菌侵染后的烟草酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建     

邢启凯  燕继晔  张玮  刘梅  富春元  李兴红 《植物病理学报》2017,47(5):716-720

正葡萄是世界上最重要的经济果树之一,据联合国粮食及农业组织统计,截止到2013年,中国葡萄栽培面积已达715.5万hm2,葡萄总产量超2 300万kg。长期以来,葡萄病害是影响葡萄产业健康发展的重要因素。近年来研究发现由葡萄座腔菌科真菌(Botryosphaeriaceae)引起的葡萄溃疡病(Botryosphaeria dieback)是葡萄上的主要枝干病  相似文献