Response of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Cultivars to Genistein-Preincubated Bradyrhizobium japonicum: Nodulation and Dry Matter Accumulation under Canadian Short-Season Conditions     

A. M. Belkheir  X. Zhou  D. L. Smith 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,185(3):167-175

The addition of genistein, a plant-to-bacteria signal molecule, to Bradyrhizobium japonicum cells prior to use as inocula has been shown to increase nodule number and promote soybean N₂ fixation at low root zone temperatures. Previous greenhouse and field experiments involving only two cultivars have indicated that soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars can vary in their response to genistein application. The objective of this study was to evaluate a range of soybean cultivars for response to genistein application under short-season cool-spring Canadian conditions. A 2-year field study was conducted in 1997 and 1998 with a range of soybean cultivars recommended for Quebec. The 11 cultivars tested represented a range of yield potentials and maturity groups. They were inoculated with genistein-preincubated B. japonicum inocula or regular inocula, applied into the furrow at the time of planting. The results of these experiments indicated that neither maturity nor yield was correlated with increases in nodulation, biomass, and plant total nitrogen content resulting from genistein treatment and that all maturity groups responded to genistein application in essentially the same way. Thus, response of soybean cultivars to genistein addition is regulated by genotype characteristics other than maturity or yield level.  相似文献   

Effect of Inoculant Rate on Nodulation and Various Agronomic Traits of Soybean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. K. Papakosta 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1992,168(4):238-242

In a soil lacking indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum , soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) nodulation depends upon the number of rhizobia applied with the inoculum. This field study reports the effect of different rates of applied rhizobia on nodulation, dry matter and nitrogen content in soybean in a Mediterranean soil lacking B. japonicum.
Treatments included six rates of B. japonicum , ranging from 2.5 × 10⁴ to 6.075 × 10⁶ rhizobia cells per seed applied to the seed as peat inoculant at planting, 100 kg N ha⁻¹ and an uninoculated control. The experiment was conducted in an Entisol soil. Regression analysis showed linear relationship between the rate of applied rhizobia and the number of the nodules per plant or the dry weight per nodule. In early stages of development (32 and 68 days after planting) plant dry weight was not affected by inoculation rate. At harvest a rate of 7.5 × 10⁴ rhizobia cells per seed was necessary for maximum total and stover dry weight. A higher rate, 6.75 × 10⁵ rhizobia cells per seed, was required to obtain maximum grain yield, total N content in plant tops and grain N content. Grain percentage N was increased up to 2.025 × 10⁶ rhizobia cells per seed. Nitrogen application increased grain yield, total N content and grain N content at the same level as the lower inoculation rate.  相似文献   

花生根瘤菌对微量元素耐性的筛选     

陈远学  徐开未  张小平  庞孝勇  连素芳  郭辉权 《中国土壤与肥料》2007,(4):76-79

在YMA平板上对18株分离自四川的慢生型花生根瘤菌进行Fe、Co、Zn、B、Mo、pH的耐性实验。结果表明,在柠檬酸铁、钼酸铵浓度为0.50%时供试菌株均能生长,当柠檬酸铁浓度增至1%时有22%的供试菌株能正常生长,当钼酸铵浓度增至0.6%时有11%的菌株能正常生长;在硼酸浓度为0.05%时所有菌株生长受抑制或不生长;在硫酸锌或硫酸钴浓度为0.025%时分别有50%或28%的菌株能正常生长,当浓度增至0.075%时,供试菌株不生长或61%的菌株不生长。表明供试菌株对Fe、Mo的耐性较强,而对Co、Zn、B的耐性较弱;不同根瘤菌株对同一微量元素的耐性差异较大,同一根瘤菌对不同微量元素的耐性差异也较大。多数菌株在pH 6.0~8.0范围内生长正常,耐碱能力比耐酸能力强。因此,在研制"根瘤菌 微量元素"复配的根瘤菌剂时,微量元素不能随意复配,同时还需注意菌剂的pH。  相似文献   

Relative efficiency,ureide transport and harvest index in soybeans inoculated with isogenic HUP mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum     

M. Hungria  M. C. P. Neves  J. Döbereiner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1989,7(4):325-329

Summary Differences between isogenic uptake hydrogenase (HUP) mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in terms of nodule efficiency, N₂ fixation and N incorporation into various plant parts were studied in a monoxenic greenhouse experiment in order to confirm previous results with soybeans and beans inoculated with various HUP⁺ and HUP^– strains. The HUP+ revertant PJ17-1 of a HUP^– mutant (PJ17) of strain USDA DES 122 showed a completely restored relative efficiency (100% versus 78±2% for the HUP^– mutant), higher nodule efficiency (N₂ fixed per g nodules), higher ureide-N transport rates, higher N contents in pods and higher N harvest indices. All these observations confirm previous experiments with HUP⁺ and HUP^– strains.  相似文献   

抗药性根瘤菌基因工程菌的构建与应用     

林创  马庆生 《广西农业生物科学》1990,(3)

用三亲本杂交的方法将外源抗药性质粒导入到高效固氮的根瘤菌 Tal377中,外源质粒在 Tal377中能正常表达,但不影响其原有的固氮结瘤能力。利用此抗药性根瘤菌所携带的抗药性,在接种此根瘤菌的同时结合施加一定浓度的抗菌素,抗药性根瘤菌与出发菌株相比表现出一定程度地提高其结瘤固氮能力和占瘤率。  相似文献   

花生根瘤菌遗传多样性的RFLP分析     

康凯  徐艳  李友国  周俊初 《湖北农业科学》2007,46(5):677-680

利用16S rRNA PCR-RFLP和16S-23S rRNA IGS PCR-RFLP技术对分离自我国不同地区的55株花生慢生根瘤菌和6株参比菌株进行了遗传多样性研究.16S rRNA PCR-RFLP分析结果表明,在63%的相似性水平上,91%的供试花生幔生根瘤菌与B.japonicum和B.elkanii聚在一起;16S-23S rRNA IGS PCR-RFLP分析结果表明,供试花生慢生根瘤菌具有较丰富的遗传多样性,在65.8%的相似性水平上可分为3大类群.  相似文献   

大豆慢生根瘤菌（Bradyrhizobium ddjaponicum）的血清型研究     

李镇  周俊初等 《华中农业大学学报》2001,20(3):248-252

以自东北地区分离的8株大豆慢生根瘤菌为供试菌用交叉凝集反应比较了它们与目前国内外已报道 的15株大豆慢生根瘤菌标准血清型菌株之间的血清学关系。研究结果表明：（1）菌株93H10F5和HJ15不与供试标准血清型菌株发生交叉凝集瓜在，分别命名为O14和O15血清型，（2）菌株HJ19、HJ28、93F42与标准血甭型菌株USDA94有交叉凝集反应，进一步的抗原吸收试验结果表明：HJ19和HJ28的抗原组成完全相同，命名为O3bxl血清亚型；USDA94仅与HJ19有交叉反应，命名为O３ab血清亚型，９３Ｆ４２也与ＨＪ１９有部分共同抗原，命名为Ｏ３de血清亚型。（３）菌株９３ＨＡ８与标准血清型菌株USDA135有部分共同抗原，分别命名为O12bc和O12ab血清亚型，（4）标准菌株USDA127、USDA129与USDA123有交叉凝集反应，抗原吸收试验分别将其细分为O12bc和O12ab血甭亚型。（4）标准菌株USDA127、USDA129与USDA123有交叉凝集反应，抗原吸收试验分别将其细分为O10ab。O10de和O10xxl等3个血清亚型。（5）将USDA的10个标准菌株重新命名为O1，O2，O4，O5，O6，O7，O8，O9，O11和O13血清型。  相似文献   

Involvement of Bradyrhizobium japonicum denitrification in symbiotic nitrogen fixation by soybean plants subjected to flooding     

Cristina Sánchez  Arsenio Granados  Eulogio J. Bedmar 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(1):212-217

Denitrification by Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids contributes to nitric oxide (NO) production within soybean nodules in response to flooding conditions. However, the physiological relevance of NO production by denitrification in B. japonicum-Glycine max symbiosis is still unclear. In this work, soybean plants were inoculated with B. japonicum strains lacking the nirK or norC genes which encode the copper-containing nitrite reductase and the c-type nitric oxide reductase enzymes, respectively. 14 days flooding increased nodule number of plants inoculated with the WT and norC strains, but not of plants inoculated with the nirK mutant. However, nodule dry weight was not affected by 14 days flooding regardless of the strain used for inoculation. Supporting this observation, individual nodule growth was significantly higher in plants inoculated with nirK than those inoculated with WT or norC after 14 days flooding. Nodule functioning was strongly inhibited by flooding since leghemoglobin content of the nodules induced by any of the strains was significantly decreased after 7 or 14 days flooding compared to control plants. However, this effect was more relevant in nodules of plants inoculated with the WT or norC mutant than in those inoculated with the nirK mutant. Nitrogen fixation was also estimated by analyzing nitrogen content derived from biological nitrogen fixation in shoots, using the ¹⁵N isotope dilution technique. By using this approach, we observed that the negative effect of 14 days flooding on nitrogen fixation was more pronounced in plants inoculated with the norC mutant. However, nitrogen fixation of plants inoculated with nirK showed the highest tolerance to 14 days flooding. These findings allowed us to demonstrate the previously proposed hypothesis which suggests that NO formed by copper-containing nitrite reductase in soybean nodules, in response to flooding, has a negative effect on nitrogenase activity. We propose that inoculation of soybeans with a B. japonicum nirK mutant, which does not produce NO from nitrate, increases the tolerance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation to flooding.  相似文献   

Effect of chlorimuron-ethyl on Bradyrhizobium japonicum and its symbiosis with soybean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zawoznik MS  Tomaro ML 《Pest management science》2005,61(10):1003-1008

Possible side-effects of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl on Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner & Jordan) in pure culture and on inoculated soybean plants growing under controlled conditions were investigated. Growth of B japonicum strain E109 was not affected by this herbicide even when exposed to concentrations 150 times higher than recommended field doses. However, nodulation of soybean plants treated 5 days after emergence with chlorimuron-ethyl at standard application rates was impaired: a 38% decrease in the number of nodules per plant was observed four weeks after treatment. Despite nodule number decrease, no changes in shoot nitrogen content could be detected. Total fresh biomass was diminished by 25% in herbicide-treated plants. Leghemoglobin content in nodules did not vary; nevertheless total nodule protein was diminished by 40% in the herbicide-treated group. ALS activity in different soybean tissues and their relative sensitivity to chlorimuron-ethyl were also investigated. Roots and bacteroids had the greatest specific ALS activities. On a fresh weight basis, the bacteroid fraction displayed the highest ALS activity and was also the most tolerant to in vitro chlorimuron addition: 72% of its activity was retained after including 10 microM chlorimuron-ethyl in the reaction mixture. These results indicate that standard application rates of chlorimuron-ethyl will have limited incidence on B japonicum survival, and effects on nodulation may have little long-term consequences on soybean nitrogen fixation potential. The differences found among soybean tissues not only in intrinsic ALS activity but also in their relative sensitivity to this herbicide suggests that, in leguminous plants living in symbiosis with rhizobia, nodules may contribute to an enhanced tolerance to ALS inhibitors.  相似文献   

Application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Phosphorus Fertilization Improved Growth,Yield and Nodulation of Soybean in the Sub-humid Hilly Region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,Pakistan     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):368-376

Two separate experiments (pot and field) were conducted to examine the response of soybean to Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphorus (P) fertilization. Different treatments were i) Rhizobium strains (0, S377, S379, and the mixture of S377 + S379 i.e. S₀, S₁, S₂, S₃); ii) phosphorus (field only, 0, 50, 100 kg ha-¹i.e. T₀, T₁, T₂) and iii) two soils (pot only) i.e. autoclaved (A₁) and non-autoclaved (A₀). A soybean cultivar NARC-1 was tested for estimating growth traits, nodule number and mass, root development and yield traits. In the pot experiment, total number of nodules both in the A₀ and A₁ were negligible but increased significantly following the application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In the field experiment, number of nodules increased from 6 in the control treatment without strains to a maximum of 86 in S₃T₁. Shoot dry weight increased significantly from 11.8 g plant-¹ in the control soil to 15.6 g plant-¹ in S₃T₁. Root length was increased but root mass was unaffected. Soybean seed yields ranged between 615 and 1003 kg ha-¹ against 543 kg ha-¹ in the control soil indicating a maximum of 85% increase over control. Shoot dry weight and seed yield had significant correlation with nodulation (R² = 0.91). The results of experiments revealed significant positive effects of rhizobium inoculation and P fertilization on growth, nodulation and yield of soybean and, generally, mixture of strains (S₃) was more effective than the strains S₁ and S₂. Results also indicated that high application of P (100 kg P₂O₅ ha-¹) reduced the efficiency of inoculants for nodule mass and seed yield.  相似文献