Optimum nitrogen fertilization rates for second-year corn succeeding alfalfa under irrigation     

Sebastián Cela  Francisca Santiveri Jaime Lloveras 《Field Crops Research》2011,123(2):109-116

The N contribution of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to the succeeding corn (Zea mays L.) crop (FYC) is widely recognized. However, there is less information regarding the optimum N fertilization rates (ONR) for a second-year corn (SYC) following alfalfa. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of SYC after alfalfa to N fertilization under irrigated semiarid conditions. Three field experiments of SYC following alfalfa were conducted between 2007 and 2009 in Northeast Spain. Treatments included the combination of six N rates applied to FYC (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 kg N ha⁻¹) with four N rates applied to SYC (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha⁻¹). In one of the three fields, high SYC yields (16.8 Mg ha⁻¹) were obtained in plots that remained unfertilized during two consecutive years after alfalfa. On the other two fields, 81-100% of the maximum corn yields were obtained with application of 200 kg N ha⁻¹ to SYC. Results suggest that the typical N fertilizer rates applied to SYC after alfalfa in irrigated semiarid areas (300 kg N ha⁻¹) could be reduced by at least 100 kg N ha⁻¹, with small or no economic penalties and important reductions in N losses.  相似文献   

两种水稻土氮初级矿化和硝化速率及其与氮肥利用率的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

兰婷  韩勇 《土壤学报》2013,50(6):1154-1161

摘　要 　高氮肥施用量和低氮肥利用率是我国水稻生产可持续性发展面临的问题之一。氮肥损失途径与肥料进入土壤后的转化过程息息相关。了解水稻土中氮素转化过程并进行定量描述有助于提高人们对稻田氮素损失途径的认识水平。为此,本研究开展了连续2年的大田实验,测定了稻麦轮作条件下江苏淮安碱性水稻土（潮黄土,pH=8.3）和宜兴中性水稻土（黄泥土,pH=6.2）作物氮肥利用效率;同时采用15N同位素稀释方法,开展室内好氧培养实验,估算了两种土壤中的氮素初级矿化和硝化速率,以此解释田间试验中氮肥利用率差异的原因。田间试验结果表明,在获得相似的水稻或小麦产量的情况下,淮安潮黄土氮肥需用量高于宜兴中性水稻土,而氮肥利用率却低于宜兴黄泥土。15N室内培养实验结果表明,供试潮黄土氮素初级矿化和硝化速率均较黄泥土高,其较高的pH可能是主要原因。 潮黄土中相对较高的初级矿化和硝化速率可能会导致更多的NO3--N 在土壤中短暂累积,不能被作物及时吸收利用的NO3--N 便可通过各种途径损失掉。这可能是造成两种稻田土壤田间氮肥利用率差异的原因之一。  相似文献   

NAM添加剂对水稻减氮施肥的影响效果研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

古慧娟  王玲莉  谭庆艳  王婷婷  石元亮 《土壤通报》2012,(2):439-443

通过田间小区试验,研究NAM添加剂在水稻减氮施肥的情况下,对土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N含量、水稻产量以及氮肥利用率的影响,旨在验证利用NAM添加剂减少当地水稻施氮量的可行性。结果表明,施用NAM添加剂,在一定的时间内,使土壤NH4+-N保持较高的水平,延缓土壤NH4+-N向NO3--N的转化,减少氮素损失,从而保证总有效氮能够满足作物后期的生长需要。NAM添加剂能够有效地增加水稻产量,常规施肥不添加NAM处理的产量为9676.93 kg hm-2,与常规施肥添加NAM的处理差异显著,而与减氮20%添加NAM处理差异不显著。与常规施肥氮肥利用率33.94%相比,NAM添加剂能够将氮肥的利用率提高到40.58%,并且氮肥的利用率随着施氮量的减少而增加。研究试验表明,在欲节氮减肥的水稻生产中,NAM不失为一种理想的添加剂。  相似文献