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1.
[目的]探究CdSe/ZnS量子点对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的遗传毒性。[方法]分别设空白对照组、NaCl对照组和Cd2+对照组以及浓度分别为20、200、2 000和4 000 nmol/L 4个量子点处理组,以腹腔注射方式对雄性尼罗罗非鱼体进行暴露,暴露后1、4、7、14及28 d进行静脉取血制作血涂片,通过微核率、核异常率及总核异常率检测其遗传毒性。[结果]各NaCl对照组与空白对照组均无显著差异。暴露1 d后各量子点处理组产生的微核率达到峰值后总体呈下降趋势。Cd2+对照组的微核率在整个试验期间均与NaCl对照组有显著差异,其微核率14 d达到峰值。核质外凸和核质内凹是核异常的主要类型,核固缩及不均等缢裂细胞类型在前期易被诱导。[结论]量子点外壳及表面修饰基团的综合作用对鱼体有诱导微核率及核异常率增加的效应,但随着时间的推移,罗非鱼能逐步解除该负面效应,由此推测鱼体最终能解除由QDs诱导的遗传毒性。 相似文献
2.
Riadh Badraoui Nouha Bouayed Abdelmoula Moncef Fki 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(2):149-155
Tetradifon is a potent organochlorine acaricide with an estrogen-like structure. The wide spread use of this chemical is likely to pollute the environment. Only few studies have been reported for the evaluation of its short- and long-term toxic effects including genotoxicity and carcinogenicity and there have been conflicting results in in vitro and in vivo test systems. In this work, we have evaluated Tetradifon for its ability to induce genotoxic damages in female Wistar rats. A single cumulative dose of 2430 mg/kg BW was administrated orally for 12 female rats of 190 g BW during 12 weeks. Twelve additional rats, no treated, have served as control. Animals were sacrificed after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. Genetic toxicity studies were conducted in rats bone marrow, by chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) assays. The oxidative stress status of treated animals has been also evaluated by assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Some serum parameters: vitamins (A and E), triglyceride (TG) and total antioxidants status (TAS) were determined. Our results showed a significant increase in tissue TBARS concentrations in the two treated groups suggesting that Tetradifon induce an oxidative stress. Elsewhere, rats treated with Tetradifon exhibited a statistical decrease in serum level of vitamin E and a significant depletion of serum total antioxidant status. Whereas, in comparison to control rats, treated animal cells did not show a significant increase in either the frequency of SCEs or CAs. These results indicate that Tetradifon did not present direct genotoxic effect in female Wistar rats. But we suggest that its inducting of an oxidative stress may lead to indirect mutagenecity that should be evaluated by other series of in vivo genotoxicity assays as micronucleus test or comet assay. 相似文献
3.
[目的]应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术评价毛鸡骨草的遗传毒性。[方法]试验分为5组:阳性对照组(环磷酰胺组)、阴性对照组(生理盐水组)、毛鸡骨草高(30 g/kg)、中(20 g/kg)、低(10 g/kg)剂量组,利用单细胞凝胶电泳技术分析小鼠肺、肾、肝、睾丸细胞的尾部DNA率(Tail DNA%)和尾矩(Tail Moment),以观察毛鸡骨草对小鼠DNA的影响。[结果]毛鸡骨草各剂量组对小鼠肺、肾、肝、睾丸细胞的Tail DNA%和Tail Moment影响明显低于阳性对照组,差异极显著(P0.01);毛鸡骨草高剂量组肝细胞Tail DNA%和Tail Moment与阴性对照组相比明显降低,差异极显著(P0.01);其他各剂量组小鼠细胞Tail DNA%和Tail Moment与阴性对照组比,无明显差异(P0.05)。[结论]毛鸡骨草在试验剂量范围内对小鼠肺、肾、肝、睾丸细胞DNA无损伤。 相似文献
4.
To evaluate atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5-triazine) ecotoxicology in soil, the effect of atrazine on the activity of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and guaiacol peroxidase, POD) and DNA damage induced by atrazine were investigated in earthworms. Atrazine was added to artificial soil at rates of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg per kg of soil. Earthworm tissues exposed to each treatment were collected on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day of the treatment. Compared to the controls, the CAT activity was stimulated at 2.5 mg kg−1 treatment except on the 14th day, and inhibited at 5, 10 mg kg−1 atrazine except 5 mg kg−1 on the 28th day and 10 mg kg−1 on the 21st day; the overall SOD activity was inhibited, while the POD activities were stimulated by all atrazine concentrations in 28 days. The olive tail moments of single-cell gel electrophoresis of coelomocytes, as an indication of DNA damage, were increased after treatment with different doses of atrazine on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day, and significant differences were found compared to the controls. In conclusion, atrazine induces oxidative stress and DNA damage on earthworms, and the adverse effects may be the important mechanisms of its toxicity to earthworms. 相似文献
5.
M.G. Kulkarni G.D. Ascough L. Verschaeve K. Baeten M.P. Arruda J. Van Staden 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Smoke-water and a biologically active butenolide compound (3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one) derived from burning plant material, show stimulating effects on a number of agricultural and horticultural crops. In these trials, onion (Allium cepa L.) plants were treated (drenched) with either a 1:500 (v/v) smoke-water solution or a butenolide solution of 10−10 M under greenhouse conditions. Onion plants supplied with smoke-water and butenolide solution exhibited a significantly greater number of leaves, increased leaf length, and a higher fresh and dry leaf weight than untreated plants at 175 days after seed sowing (DASS) (third harvest). In addition, smoke-water and butenolide-treated onion plants exhibited a significantly higher bulb diameter and bulb weight than untreated plants, when these plants were harvested at 175 DASS. Overall, smoke-water was more effective than butenolide and achieved the highest harvest index. Genotoxicity was not detected in the bulbs of onion when they were treated with either smoke-water or butenolide. 相似文献
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7.
A series of new metallized direct dyes based on benzidine congeners, 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine and 5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine,
were evaluated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. All of the dyes examined were judged to
be non-mutagenic with and without metabolic activation while toxicity was seen in some dyes at high doses. The study also
suggested that the standard Salmonella mutagenicity plate-incorporated assay was an excellent method for evaluation of dyes
for mutagenicity. 相似文献
8.
A series of new direct dyes based on benzidine congeners, 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine and 5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine,
were evaluated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. All of the dyes examined were judged to
be non-mutagenic with and without metabolic activation while toxicity was seen in some dyes at high doses. The study also
suggested that the standard Salmonella mutagenicity plate-incorporated assay was an excellent method for evaluation of direct
dyes for mutagenicity. 相似文献
9.
人参安全食效性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
[目的]为更加合理安全地开发利用人参提供参考。[方法]以吉林白参为材料,以小鼠为试验动物进行急性毒性试验和遗传毒性试验,研究人参的安全食效性。[结果]吉林白参100 g/kg剂量组小鼠2 d后出现活动少、进食少、毛发竖直、眼睛上睑下垂、眼球突出、会阴部污秽、缺乏知觉的中毒症状,以后恢复正常,人参急性毒性LD50>100 g/kg。人参在高剂量(20.0 g/kg)时可以明显增加小鼠骨髓微核数,在正常剂量下对小鼠骨髓微核数无影响。人参在高剂量(20.0 g/kg)时明显增加了小鼠精子畸变率,但仍较安全;低剂量人参能减少小鼠的骨髓微核数和畸形精子数。[结论]人参在剂量为20.0 g/kg时具有一定的遗传毒性。 相似文献
10.
彗星试验,又称单细胞凝胶电泳,因其能够在单细胞水平上灵敏地检验DNA链断裂,成为研究遗传毒性效应的新技术,近年来得到重要应用。比较而言,如何利用该技术来检验土壤无脊椎动物活体基因损伤的报道则很少。本研究以丝裂霉素C(MitomycinC)为遗传毒性阳性物质,研究了用彗星试验检验赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafoetida)活体基因损伤的实验方法,对尾长、“彗尾”DNA含量和尾矩三个指标定量表达实验结果的敏感性进行讨论,并以污水灌溉土壤样品为例研究了污染土壤导致的蚯蚓体内DNA单链断裂。结果表明,采用彗星试验检测蚯蚓体内DNA单链断裂的基因损伤效应可以作为生物效应标志终点,尾矩和尾长作为敏感指标可以更好地表达遗传毒性物质基因损伤的剂量-效应关系。 相似文献