海南半干旱地区芒果间作柱花草及作物效益初探   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

白昌军  刘国道  何华玄  王东劲 《草地学报》2003,11(4):350-357

1998～2001年在海南东方干旱半干旱燥红土芒果与柱花草及作物间作示范区的实践表明，在芒果园间作扁豆、柱花草、番薯和花生可显著提高芒果挂果率，芒果收入比芒果单种分别增加97．79％、98．53％、54．41％和48．28％，果园综合收入比芒果单种分别增加108．55％、98．53％、97．98％和91．58％，同时，果园间作可显著提高果园土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷的含量和土壤pH值，间作扁豆使土壤有机质含量增加53．3％，间作柱花草使土壤全氮增加43．92％，速效磷增加78．16％，从而达到了以短养长、增加农民收入、提高土壤肥力和持续管理利用的目的。  相似文献   

Density responses and spatial distribution of cotton yield and yield components in jujube (Zizyphus jujube)/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) agroforestry     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

Trees are the dominant species in agroforestry systems, profoundly affecting the performance of understory crops. Proximity to trees is a key factor in crop performance, but rather little information is available on the spatial distribution of yield and yield components of crop species under the influence of trees in agroforestry systems. Also, little information is available on how crop density may be exploited to optimize the yield in such systems. Here we studied the performance of cotton in jujube/cotton agroforestry. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Hetian, Xinjiang, China. Cotton was grown at a row distance of 60 cm in three densities, 13.5, 18.0 and 22.5 plants m⁻² in six m wide paths between tree lines in a jujube plantation. Plant density affected both cotton aboveground dry matter and yield significantly. The highest yield was attained at the intermediate density of 18.0 plants m⁻² (20.0 plants m⁻² corresponding in sole cotton), lower than the optimal density in sole cotton (25.0 plants m⁻²). Yield at the lower density was constrained by the low number of bolls per m² as a direct consequence of the low density, whereas at the high plant density yield was constrained by a lower allocation of assimilates to cotton seed and lint, as a consequence of intraspecific and interspecific competitions. There were strong gradients in yield and yield components in relation to the distance from the tree rows. Leaf area and total dry matter of cotton in rows close to the tree lines were reduced, especially in the rows next to the trees. Moreover, biomass allocation to cotton fruits was reduced in these rows. Competitive influences from the trees on cotton performance extended two rows deep in a six-year old jujube stand, and even three rows deep in a seven-year old stand. Shading effects on cotton yield were compensated by increasing plant density as a result of greater boll numbers per unit ground area. Data from this study help guide the design of optimal plant density of cotton in jujube plantations and give insight in the spatial distribution and dynamics of competitive effects in agroforestry systems in general.  相似文献   

不同间作绿肥替代化肥模式对木薯性状和产量的影响     

唐红琴  李忠义  董文斌  韦彩会  何铁光  蒙炎成  汤海玲  莫永诚 《作物杂志》2021,37(4):184-168

通过探讨秸秆还田与化肥减施下间作绿肥对木薯产量性状的影响,着力解决连作木薯土壤肥力提高与改良相关技术的协调增效。于2019-2020年,以木薯品种“南美1号”为供试材料,设置8个处理,调查每个小区的木薯茎径、叶绿素（SPAD）、块根直径、块根长、单株茎秆鲜重、单株块根鲜重、株高、单片叶重、单株块根数以及小区产量等农艺性状。结果表明,处理5（木薯秆还田+化肥减量12.5%+12.5%营养元素当量黑豆绿肥还田）的木薯产量最高,并得到拟合方程。绿肥秸秆还田以及间作绿肥从整体上改良了土壤肥力,并通过显著影响木薯块根、单片叶重以及单株块根数而影响最终产量。  相似文献   

砂田甜瓜套作向日葵系统的养分利用研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邵存应  康恩祥  何宝林 《甘肃农业科技》2014,(10):50-52

2010—2013年在庄浪县进行的砂田甜瓜套作向日葵系统的养分利用研究的结果表明,无论在甜瓜的初花期、座果期、膨大期套作食葵或油葵,套作系统比单作明显提高了作物的吸氮量、吸磷量和吸钾量。氮吸收量比单作增加50%~59%,磷吸收量比单作增加12%~41%,钾吸收量比单作增加33%~68%。  相似文献   

Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve competitive ability of dill + common bean intercrops against weeds?     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

Competition for soil resources plays a key role in the crop yield of intercropping systems. There is a lack of knowledge on the main factors involved in competitive interactions between crops and weeds for nutrients uptake. Hence, the purpose of this work was to compare the effects of arbuscular mycorrhial fungi (Funneliformis mosseae) colonization in interspecific competitive relations and its effect on nutrients uptake and weed control in dill and common bean intercropping. Two field experiments were carried out with factorial arrangements based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013–2014. The factors were cropping systems including a) common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sole cropping (40 plants m⁻²), b) dill (Anethum graveolens L.) sole cropping at different densities (25, 50 and 75 plants m⁻²) and c) the additive intercropping of dill + common bean (25 + 40, 50 + 40 and 75 + 40 plants m⁻²). All these treatments were applied with (+AM) or without (-AM) arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization. In both cropping systems, inoculation with F. mosseae increased the P, K, Fe and Zn concentrations of dill plants by 40, 524, 57 and 1.0 μg kg⁻¹ DW, respectively. Intercropping increased Mn concentration in common bean (4.0 μg kg⁻¹ DW) and dill (3.0 μg kg⁻¹ DW), and also seed yields of both crops (198 g m⁻² and161 g m⁻², respectively). AM colonization improved seed yields of dill and common bean by 169 and 177 g m⁻² in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Moreover, AM application enhanced competitive ability of dill + common bean intercrops against weeds at different intercropping systems. Intercropping significantly changed weed density compared to sole cropping, as weed density was decreased in the dill + common bean intercropping. Diversity (H), Evenness (E) and richness of weed species of weeds for intercrops were higher than those for sole crops.  相似文献   

A logistic analysis of the factors determining the decision of smallholder farmers to intercrop: A case study involving rubber–tea intercropping in Sri Lanka     

S.M.M. Iqbal  C.R. Ireland  V.H.L. Rodrigo 《Agricultural Systems》2006

The factors influencing the decision of smallholder farmers to adopt new farming technologies were studied with reference to rubber–tea intercropping in Sri Lanka. Rubber–tea intercropping has been recommended previously to rubber farmers as a means to improve productivity and income during the early pre-tapping phase of rubber growth. Although crop trials have shown that the two crops are agronomically compatible and potentially produce a combined economic yield superior to the yield of a sole crop grown on the same area of land, there is little evidence of widespread adoption of this practice among smallholder farmers in Sri Lanka. The aim of the study was to determine the major factors that influence the decision to undertake rubber–tea intercropping and to construct a predictive model that describes the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by traditional smallholder rubber growers. A rapid rural appraisal (RRA) was undertaken based on semi-structured interviews of 90 smallholder farmers in the main rubber growing low wet zone of Sri Lanka. Among a number of factors shown to significantly influence the decision to intercrop tea with rubber, three were shown to operate independently, namely level of income, source of income (i.e. solely from own farm or from farm plus additional off-farm enterprises), and availability of land considered suitable for tea cultivation. A statistical model developed through correlation and logistic analysis, which predicts the likelihood of a smallholder adopting intercropping based on these factors, is presented and discussed. The most likely combination of circumstances (82% probability) under which rubber–tea intercropping is practiced is shown to be where the farmer’s income is greater than Rs. 10,000 per month, where the farmer’s income is based solely on own farm enterprises, and where more than 80% of the farmer’s land area was judged to be suitable for tea cultivation. Conversely, 30% of smallholder farmers that chose not to intercrop did possess land suitable for tea cultivation. Qualitative responses to the RRA indicated that limitation of technical knowledge was the main problem subsequently faced by rubber farmers who had adopted rubber–tea intercropping. Results indicate that there is need for both income support through farm subsidies and further agricultural extension services, if rubber–tea intercropping is to be adopted more widely in Sri Lanka. The wider usefulness of the developed logistic model in determining the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by smallholder farmers is discussed.  相似文献   

玉米间作菊花脑高效栽培方法对玉米杂草的影响     

吴旭东  佟莹  李伟明  朱钰莹  谢洪芳  江丰  陈莉莉  刘庆叶  王蓓  戎茸  王东升 《长江蔬菜》2021,(4):69-71

研究了玉米间作菊花脑的高效栽培方法对玉米杂草的影响,以探究此间作方法对杂草的防效及间作经济效益,为在生产实践中进一步推广应用提供理论依据。结果表明,玉米菊花脑间作处理(T)较玉米单作处理(CK),玉米产量增加,每667 m2产值增加2496元,增收效果明显;间作处理的玉米维生素C、粗淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了41.7%、3.6%、6.2%、14.2%;在玉米各时期CK处理杂草发生种类和相对密度均高于T处理;玉米成熟期T处理防草效果最好,株数防效和鲜质量防效分别达87.64%和90.28%,有效减少杂草生长。综上所述,玉米间作菊花脑的高效栽培方法有效减少了除草剂的用量,菊花脑经济效益更高,能在保证玉米产量的同时,显著提高农民收入。  相似文献   

设施大棚间作玉米对丛枝菌根网络形成及辣椒疫病防治的影响     

刘一凡  侯劭炜  胡君利  蔡鹏  李明慧  吴福勇  林先贵 《土壤学报》2022,59(5):1378-1385

丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌对辣椒疫病等土传病害具有生防潜力,但由于难以纯培养而未能实现规模化生产应用,如能调动土著AM真菌的抑病功能则对实际生产具有重要指导意义。依托重庆石柱辣椒科技园,研究设施大棚中间作玉米对土著AM真菌生长及辣椒疫病防治的影响。结果表明,与辣椒单作相比,间作玉米处理辣椒根系AM真菌侵染率、根际AM真菌数量与土壤磷酸酶活性以及小区作物养分总吸收量均显著提高,辣椒疫病发病率与病情指数、单株辣椒的磷吸收量及果实生物量均显著下降,其中种植密度更高的等垄宽间作处理两种作物根系AM真菌侵染率、小区玉米产量及作物养分总吸收量均显著高于等行距间作处理,辣椒疫病发病率与之正好相反。设施环境下间作玉米或能通过促进AM真菌生长及其对辣椒根系的侵染来增强其对辣椒疫病的防治功效,其中等垄宽间作处理具有更好的经济效益。  相似文献   

少花龙葵种间嫁接后代对小白菜生长及镉积累的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

汤福义  林立金  杨代宇  廖明安  马倩倩  刘春阳  何静 《土壤通报》2016,(1):207-212

通过盆栽试验,将茄子、土豆、番茄作为砧木嫁接的少花龙葵后代与小白菜混种,研究了镉胁迫条件下(10 mg kg~(-1)),少花龙葵种间嫁接后代对小白菜生长及镉积累的影响。结果表明:混种少花龙葵种间嫁接后代均能提高小白菜的生物量和叶绿素含量,其大小顺序均为:混种茄子砧木的少花龙葵嫁接后代混种土豆砧木的少花龙葵嫁接后代混种未嫁接少花龙葵混种番茄砧木的少花龙葵嫁接后代单种。同时,混种少花龙葵种间嫁接后代也能提高小白菜根系镉含量、地上部分镉含量及整株镉含量。混种小白菜后,番茄砧木嫁接的木少花龙葵后代的地上部分生物量、地上部分镉含量及地上部分镉积累量较未嫁接少花龙葵均有所提高,分别较未嫁接少花龙葵提高了7.73%、7.54%和15.84%,其余的处理则提高不明显或低于未嫁接少花龙葵。因此,少花龙葵不适合混种镉污染条件下的小白菜,但番茄作为砧木嫁接的少花龙葵后代能够提高少花龙葵对土壤镉污染的修复能力。  相似文献   

交替灌溉对西北绿洲区小麦间作玉米水分利用的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

柴强  杨彩红  黄高宝 《作物学报》2011,37(9):1623-1630

受水资源不足的严重制约,西北绿洲区以间作套种为主体的多熟种植面积被持续压缩,使单位耕地产出率和光能利用率明显下降,间作节水理论和技术研究亟待开展。交替灌溉技术节水和提高水分利用效率的作用已得到大量验证,但该技术应用到间作中能否产生节水、增效作用,缺乏理论依据。2006—2008年,在甘肃河西走廊干旱荒漠绿洲区进行田间试验,探讨了交替灌溉对小麦间作玉米产量、耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与单作相比,交替灌溉小麦间作玉米可显著提高土地利用效率(LER),LER达到1.22~1.52。交替灌溉与传统灌溉间作相比,LER差异不显著;对间作小麦的产量效应不显著,但使间作玉米的产量提高11.4%~36.4%,混合产量平均提高12.9%。与传统灌溉间作相比,交替灌间作未显著增加作物的耗水量,与单作小麦、单作玉米的加权平均相比高1.2%~19.4%。交替灌溉小麦间作玉米的WUE较单作小麦高12.0%~71.4%、较单作玉米高10.6%~37.8%、较传统灌小麦间作玉米高0.9%~22.5%。在河西绿洲灌区,小麦间作玉米上应用交替灌溉技术具有节水和提高WUE的可行性。  相似文献