根际促生细菌混合接种对甜樱桃/东北山樱根际微生物区系及根系呼吸的影响     

吕德国  杨丹丹  秦嗣军  刘灵芝 《吉林农业大学学报》2012,34(5):531-535

为探讨有益微生物对甜樱桃根系的接种效应,试验采用灌根的方法,研究了从野生东北山樱根际分离筛选出的4株促生细菌,混合接种对甜樱桃/东北山樱根际微生物区系及根系呼吸代谢途径的影响.结果表明:接种促生菌液改变了甜樱桃根际细菌、放线菌及真菌的数量比例,使根际细菌数量显著增加.接种2次,根际细菌增加幅度最大,为对照的3.4倍;接种促生菌液提高了根系活力,接种2次效果最显著,为对照的2.4倍,达到200.4μg/(g·h);接种促生菌液对根系呼吸的基础生化途径与末端氧化电子传递途径运行比例无明显影响,但整体上提高了根系呼吸速率.  相似文献   

影响高粱茎秆汁液含量基因的精细定位     

翟国伟  邹桂花  严松  王华  邵健丰  陶跃之 《浙江农业学报》2014,26(4):856

无论是用作牲畜饲料或榨汁做糖,茎秆汁液含量对于甜高粱而言都是一个非常重要的农艺性状。本研究通过对两套独立的F2群体观察统计发现,影响高粱茎秆汁液含量(MCS)的基因Dd呈现质量性状基因的遗传规律,且干髓对多汁为显性。用SSR标记初定位表明该基因位于第6号染色体,扩大定位群体后,用群体F2 1将其定位在标记sm06068和sm06093之间,用群体F2 2将其定位在sm06068和sm06069之间,两个区段的物理距离均约为470 kb。为了进一步缩小定位区间,对定位群体的亲本进行了测序分析并开发了2个InDel标记。最终,目标基因被锁定在只包含6个候选基因的区间范围内。基因d的精细定位为该基因的克隆及今后分子育种中的应用打下基础。  相似文献   

Response of Sorghum to Abiotic Stresses: A Review     

I. Tari  G. Laskay  Z. Takács  P. Poór 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2013,199(4):264-274

Sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench] is a highly productive crop plant, which can be used for alternative energy resource, human food, livestock feed or industrial purposes. The biomass of sorghum can be utilized as solid fuel via thermochemical routes or as a carbohydrate substrate via fermentation processes. The plant has a great adaptation potential to drought, high salinity and high temperature, which are important characteristics of genotypes growing in extreme environments. However, the climate change in the 21st century may bring about new challenges in the cultivated areas. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature about the responses of sorghum to the most important abiotic stresses: nutrient deficiency, aluminium stress, drought, high salinity, waterlogging or temperature stress the plants have to cope with during cultivation. The advanced molecular and system biological tools provide new opportunities for breeders to select stress‐tolerant and high‐yielding cultivars.  相似文献   

Respiration and Growth of Sorghum and Sunflower under Predicted Increased Night Temperatures1     

P. Manunta  M. B. Kirkham 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,176(4):267-274

Little information exists concerning how crops will respond to the predicted increased night temperatures. The objective of this work was to determine if respiration and growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a C, plant, and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a C₃ plant, are affected when the night temperature is increased by 5°C compared to the long-term (19 year) average night temperature in June in Kansas. Sorghum and sunflower were grown in two walk-in growth chambers with either the ambient night temperature (21C) or a high night temperature (26C). Day temperature was the same for all plants (27C). Both sunflower and sorghum had higher respiration rates under the elevated night temperature than under the ambient temperature. The average respiration rate of sunflower grown under elevated night temperature increased by 19% (0.89 vs. 0.75 μmol m^?2 s^?1) and that of sorghum by 44 % (0.52 vs. 0.36μmol m^?2s^?1). After 74 days, sunflower plants grown under the ambient night temperature were 30.2 cm taller than sunflower plants grown under the elevated night temperature; sorghum plants under the ambient temperature were 24.8 cm taller. Sunflower plants grown under the elevated night temperature formed flowers one week earlier than those grown under the ambient temperature. Sorghum formed no flowers by 74 days. Results suggest that, if climate change does increase night temperature, respiration will be increased more in C₄, than C₃ plants.  相似文献   

高粱幼叶细胞悬浮系的建立     

郝艳芳  王良群  刘勇  张微  杨伟  白鸿雁  武擘 《作物杂志》2018,34(1):35-162

以高粱无菌苗幼叶为试验材料,对颗粒状胚性愈伤组织的获得、细胞悬浮系的建立及影响悬浮细胞生长的主要因素进行了研究。结果表明：幼叶在MS（Murashige and Skoog）+2mg/L 2,4-D培养基上诱导出的愈伤组织,经2~3次继代筛选后获得了浅黄色、颗粒状胚性愈伤组织;胚性愈伤组织接种于液体培养基中,于25±1℃、黑暗条件下,经45~60d的悬浮震荡培养建立了高质量的细胞悬浮系,细胞生长曲线呈“S”型,细胞密度可达6.45×10 ⁵~5.08×10 ⁶个/mL以上,活细胞率可达72.76%,近圆细胞率可达87.50%;培养基的基本成分、激素种类和水平对悬浮细胞生长状态有很大的影响,相比1/2MS培养基,MS培养基为适宜的培养基,2,4-D对保持细胞系的稳定增殖至关重要,适宜的浓度为1mg/L;培养液中加入0.5mg/L KT或6-BA会造成悬浮液褐化,影响悬浮细胞的生长;最适宜的细胞悬浮培养基为L2培养基（MS+1mg/L 2,4-D,30g/L蔗糖,pH5.8）,震荡培养转速为110~120r/min,继代周期为7d,新旧培养基的接种比例为2∶1。  相似文献   

荞麦幼苗根对热胁迫的生理应答   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

田学军 《河南农业科学》2009,(11)

通过测定热驯(37℃)、经热驯再热胁迫(37℃→44℃)和直接热胁迫(44℃)下荞麦(Fagopyrumesculentum Moench)幼苗的根生长量、抗坏血酸(AsA)、丙二醛(MDA)、相对含水量(RWC)和相对电导率的变化,探讨荞麦幼苗根对热胁迫的生理应答。结果表明,荞麦幼苗根的生长量、RWC和AsA含量随胁迫温度的升高而降低,相对电导率和MDA含量随胁迫温度的升高而增加;热驯提高了根部对后继热胁迫的耐性,使根的生长量、RWC和AsA含量高于直接热胁迫幼苗,MDA含量和相对电导率低于直接高温胁迫的。显然,热胁迫对荞麦根的生长造成不利影响,热驯在一定程度提高了根的耐热性。  相似文献   

Processing of materials derived from sweet sorghum for biobased products     

Matthew B. WhitfieldMari S. Chinn  Matthew W. Veal 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):362-375

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is particularly suitable as a feedstock for a variety of bioprocesses, largely because of its high yields of both lignocellulosic biomass and fermentable saccharides. Sweet sorghum is less economically important for refined sugar production than other sugar crops, e.g., sugar beet and sugarcane, but can produce more raw fermentable sugar under marginal conditions than those crops. In this review, the agronomic requirements of sorghum (viz., water, soil, and nutrient requirements), cultural practices, and plant morphology are discussed from a bioprocessing perspective. Historically, sugar extraction from the plant in the form of juice has been of primary interest; these methods, along with modern developments are presented. Recently, the direct yeast fermentation of sorghum juice for ethanol production has been studied. Additionally, the bagasse resulting from the juice extraction has been used for a variety of potential products: forage, silage, combustion energy, synthesis gas, and paper. The bagasse contains high levels of relatively low crystallinity cellulose, along with relatively labile lignin, and so is itself of interest as a fermentation feedstock. Whole sorghum stalk, and its bagasse, have been subjected to studies of a wide array of pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation processes. The potential fermentation products of sweet sorghum are wide ranging; those demonstrated include ethanol, acetone, butanol, various lipids, lactic acid, hydrogen, and methane. Several potential native products of the plant, in addition to cellulose for paper production, are also identified: waxes, proteins, and allelopathic compounds, such as sorgoleone.  相似文献   

不同基因型高粱的氮效率及对低氮胁迫的生理响应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘鹏  武爱莲  王劲松  南江宽  董二伟  焦晓燕  平俊爱  白文斌 《中国农业科学》2018,51(16):3074-3083

【目的】探讨不同基因型高粱氮素吸收效率和利用效率及其差异机制,研究低氮胁迫对不同基因型高粱叶片无机氮含量和氮同化酶活性的影响,为耐低氮型高粱品种的选育提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,选取2个低氮敏感型高粱(冀蚜2号和TX7000B)和2个耐低氮型高粱(SX44B和TX378)为试验材料,设置高氮(0.24g·kg-1风干土)和低氮(0.04 g·kg-1风干土)2个处理,分别在挑旗期和灌浆期测定高粱叶片NO3--N、NO2--N及NH4+-N含量和硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(Ni R)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性,分析不同基因型高粱在2个氮处理下的氮效率相关指标及其差异。【结果】(1)不同基因型高粱籽粒产量对低氮的响应不同,低氮处理显著降低了冀蚜2号和TX7000B的籽粒产量,与高氮处理比较分别降低13.87%和19.25%,但没有降低SX44B和TX378的籽粒产量。(2)与高氮处理比较,低氮处理的相对籽粒氮累积量、相对植株氮累积量和相对氮收获指数不能表征各基因型高粱是否具有耐低氮特性;但相对低氮敏感型高粱,耐低氮型高粱在低氮处理下有着较高的相对氮肥偏生产力和相对氮素利用效率。低氮处理下SX44B和TX378的氮肥偏生产力是高氮处理的6.19和7.49倍,而冀蚜2号和TX7000B则分别为5.17和4.85倍;低氮处理下SX44B和TX378的氮素利用效率是高氮处理的1.84和1.85倍,而冀蚜2号和TX7000B则分别为1.67和1.35倍。(3)通径分析表明,高氮处理下,植株氮累积量和氮素利用效率对籽粒产量贡献相同;而在低氮处理下,氮素利用效率对籽粒产量关联作用更大。(4)高粱的叶片无机氮含量不能表征高粱是否具有耐低氮特性,灌浆期叶片无机氮含量较挑旗期显著降低。(5)与高氮处理比较,低氮处理时冀蚜2号和TX7000B叶片中NR、GS和GOGAT活性显著降低,SX44B酶活性变化不显著,而TX378叶片中GS活性增加。【结论】耐低氮型高粱在低氮胁迫时有着较高的相对籽粒产量和相对氮素利用效率。低氮胁迫时叶片较高的氮同化酶活性是高粱耐低氮的生理基础。发掘和利用低氮条件下具有较高的叶片氮同化酶活性和氮素利用效率的高粱种质资源,有助于提高耐低氮高粱品种的培育效率。  相似文献   

银叶椴在我国北方适宜引种区域的探讨          下载免费PDF全文

有祥亮  余新晓  陈吉虎  刘苹 《中国水土保持科学》2006,4(2):95-102

 为使银叶椴引种驯化成功,对我国北方30个样点及美国18个银叶椴分布区的10项气候要素进行主成分分析和模糊聚类,划分我国北方地区银叶椴适宜引种的区域,分析影响我国引种银叶椴的主要气候因素。结果表明:温度、热量、降水及其雨型是决定银叶椴引种栽培的主要气候因素。适于银叶椴生长的气候因子指标为:年平均气温（3～18℃）、≥10℃积温（2300～6000℃）、最冷月均温（-14～-6℃）、温暖指数（51～152）、寒冷指数（<-68）、生长期降水量（200～850mm）、生长期干燥度指数（1.5～7.4）、年日照时间（2 300～3700h）。与美国银叶椴分布区相比,冬季低温、生长季节降水不足、雨型不同是我国北方引种银叶椴所面临的普遍问题。适宜银叶椴在我国生长的气候类型为暖温带半湿润气候区;较适宜生长的气候类型区有温带半湿润半干旱气候区和温带湿润半湿润气候区2类。  相似文献   

Leaf elemental concentrations and grain yield of sorghum grown on an acid soil     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):699-707

Abstract

Determination of the nutrient requirements of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown on acid soils is, a critical step in the development of plants which are adapted to these problem soils. Sorghum genotype, environment, and soil type interact with the uptake of elements and affect plant growth and production. This study compared the yields of a sorghum grain hybrid grown on a sandy loam soil at four acid pH levels. Nutrient concentrations in sorghum leaves on these soil regimes were also investigated. Grain yields declined 96% as soil pH decreased from 5.5 to 4.4. Leaf element analysis revealed that as pH decreased from 5.5 to 4.4, there was an increase in plant Al, Fe, Mn, K, P and a decrease in Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca. Interactions among several of these elements were readily apparent. Additional data involving different sorghum genotypes and different soil types are needed to establish a consistent pattern of element uptake on acid soils in relation to yield and plant production.  相似文献