Changes in the glutathione thiol-disulfide status in wheat grain by foliar sulphur fertilization: consequences for the rheological properties of dough     

I. Tea  T. Genter  F. Violleau  D. Kleiber 《Journal of Cereal Science》2005,41(3):305-315

Storage proteins and glutathione in wheat play an important role in gluten network formation and can be modified by supplementation of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) in wheat plants. The glutathione thiol-disulfide status and its relationship to the molecular weight distribution wheat polymeric protein and dough rheological properties have been examined after different foliar S fertilizations (S derived from micronized elemental S and NS, a mixture of N urea and elemental S) applied at the post-anthesis stage. Changes in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), polymeric protein-glutathione mixed disulfide (PPSSG) were analysed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, during grain development using the wheat cultivars, Soissons and Trémie. During the grain desiccation phase, S supplementation (i) increased the GSSG/GSH ratio by 23–25% (ii) induced PPSSG accumulation, and (iii) decreased the formation of SDS-unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) and its molecular mass distribution. However, simultaneous N and S supplementation results in: (i) a decrease in PPSSG formation by 20–30% and (ii) an increase of UPP by 7–18% by enhancing both the branching of the aggregated proteins and their molecular weight. The mixograph parameters show that all forms of endogenous glutathione are linked to dough weakening and are negatively correlated with dough mixing tolerance, dough strength and consistency, while UPP is positively correlated with dough strength and consistency. These findings indicate that S nutrition influences dynamics of the glutathione forms in the grain and results in modification the degree of polymerization of storage protein. Thus both the changes in the form of glutathione and protein polymerization influence the rheological properties of dough.  相似文献   

一种新颖的阳离子非病毒基因载体 Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH 的性能研究     

向建南  吴运东  王风君  梁志武 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,40(12):74-79

研究了新型阳离子聚合物Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH的性能，重点考察其粒度，基因转染效率与细胞毒性，探讨了其作为基因载体的可能性.通过动态光散射仪（DSL）、透射电镜（TEM）观察了Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH与DNA自组装形成的颗粒形态及粒径，Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH可复合DNA形成粒径160～210 nm的纳米复合物，适合进入细胞.使用MTT比色法分析Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH的毒性并与PEI，PEI-g-PEG-OH比较.选用增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP) 转染Hela细胞，应用流式细胞术检测转染效率.新型阳离子多聚物Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH在提高基因转染效率的同时降低了其细胞毒性，有望成为基因转移的有效载体.  相似文献   

Impact of variation in structure of condensed tannins from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on in vitro ruminal methane production and fermentation characteristics          下载免费PDF全文

B. Hatew  E. Stringano  I. Mueller‐Harvey  W. H. Hendriks  C. Hayot Carbonero  L. M. J. Smith  W. F. Pellikaan 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):348-360

Our study investigated the effects of condensed tannins (CT) on rumen in vitro methane (CH₄) production and fermentation characteristics by incubating lucerne in buffered rumen fluid in combination with different CT extracts at 0 (control), 40, 80 and 120 g CT/kg of substrate DM. Condensed tannins were extracted from four sainfoin accessions: Rees ‘A’, CPI63763, Cotswold Common and CPI63767. Gas production (GP) was measured using a fully automated GP apparatus with CH₄ measured at distinct time points. Condensed tannins differed substantially in terms of polymer size and varied from 13 (Rees ‘A’) to 73 (CPI63767) mean degree of polymerization, but had relatively similar characteristics in terms of CT content, procyanidin: prodelphinidin (PC: PD) and cis:trans ratios. Compared to control, addition of CT from CPI63767 and CPI63763 at 80 and 120 g CT/kg of substrate DM reduced CH₄ by 43% and 65%, and by 23% and 57%, respectively, after 24‐h incubation. Similarly, CT from Rees ‘A’ and Cotswold Common reduced CH₄ by 26% and 46%, and by 28% and 46% respectively. Addition of increasing level of CT linearly reduced the maximum rates of GP and CH₄ production, and the estimated in vitro organic matter digestibility. There was a negative linear and quadratic (p < 0.01) relation between CT concentration and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. Inclusion of 80 and 120 g CT/kg of substrate DM reduced (p < 0.001) branched‐chain VFA production and acetate: propionate ratio and was lowest for CPI63767. A decrease in proteolytic activity as indirectly shown by a change in VFA composition favouring a shift towards propionate and reduction in branched‐chain VFA production varied with type of CT and was highest for CPI63767. In conclusion, these results suggest that tannin polymer size is an important factor affecting in vitro CH₄ production which may be linked to the CT interaction with dietary substrate or microbial cells.  相似文献   

抗旱保水剂在岗坡旱地甘薯上的应用试验     

杨英华  郭亚辉 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(29):9250-9250,9310

为提高冀南地区岗坡旱地农作物产量,应用抗旱保水剂在甘薯上进行了试验。结果表明,施用抗旱保水剂可提高甘薯幼苗成活率,促进甘薯生长,增产增收,以45kg/hm2用量效果最好。  相似文献   

胞外多聚物在污泥颗粒化过程中的作用研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

竺建荣  胡贵平 《中国沼气》1993,11(3):5-10

本文研究了胞外多聚物(ECP)在污泥颗粒化过程中的作用。试验采用小试UASB反应器,以人工葡萄糖配水作为进料。测定结果表明,在颗粒污泥培养过程中,随着颗粒污泥的形成、生长和成熟,污泥ECP含量逐渐下降,从开始的6.36减小到30mg/gVSS。当反应器酸化、污泥性能变差或运行不稳定时,ECP含量则表现为急剧上升,达70mg/gVSS。这些结果说明污泥颗粒化过程中ECP所起的作用不大。对有关ECP的影响及作用机理,以及污泥颗粒化机制,文章进行了分析讨论。  相似文献   

抗旱保水剂应用特性的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董建伟  王丽秋  胡燕玲 《中国农村水利水电》2002,(2):44-46

应用抗旱保水剂是近年来发展较快的一种非工程节水灌溉措施，在实际应用中，土、肥、水等多种因素对保水剂持水能力有很大影响。通过大量试验，对保水剂在各种应用条件下的持水特性进行了定性研究，提出了应用保水剂应注意的问题及若干建议。  相似文献   

介电型电活性聚合物能量收集方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱银龙  王化明  周宏平 《农业机械学报》2015,46(9):362-367

介电型电活性聚合物(DEAP)作为一种新型智能材料,与风力、水力相结合,可作为一种新的能量收集方法。研究DEAP能量收集的可行性,讨论了DEAP的发电机理和工作过程。根据换能器工作状态的形变过程,利用弹性大变形理论建立了DEAP换能器的数学模型,通过对模型的求解计算出换能器推程、回程的力-位移曲线。据此,得出DEAP换能单元工作过程输入的机械能、发电量和相应能量转换效率。提出了一种多换能器集成使用以提高系统发电效率的方法。理论分析和试验数据表明:初始电压和拉伸位移是影响发电量、能量转换效率的关键因素。随着多换能单元的应用,系统的总效率可提高到28%以上。同时,外界输入扭矩的数值波动越来越小。  相似文献   

Effect of Aquasorb and Organic Compost Amendments on Soil Water Retention and Evaporation with Different Evaporation Potentials and Soil Textures     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):2031-2055

Abstract

Aquasorb PR3005A, a hydrophilic polymer (a salt copolymer polyacrylamide), and garden waste compost were added to a loamy sand and a loam soil in pots to assess their impact upon soil physical properties at two different evaporation potentials. Compost was mulched and incorporated, the Aquasorb was incorporated, and their effect on temperature and amelioration of soil water content and evaporation was investigated. Mulching with compost reduced evaporation and increased soil temperature. Maize (Zea mays var. single cross 704) was sown in the same pots later, and growth indicator factors (plant height, fresh and dry weight, root weight, and leaf area) were compared. It was concluded that compost mulch application is beneficial to soil water retention whereas compost incorporation did not show these benefits. Compost mulch advances seedling emergence and enhances early growth through hydrologic soil amelioration. High rates of Aquasorb were also beneficial in advancing the emergence and early growth of maize seeded in loamy sand. The hydration capacity of Aquasorb is reduced as the electrolyte concentration and electrical conductivity are increased. Increased electrolyte concentration in soil solution, through drying, may result in gel dehydration and water release at potentials greater than field capacity, which may be lost to drainage. Furthermore, it is concluded that pot experiments with amendments fail to simulate field conditions.  相似文献   

多酚羧酸合成功能高分子材料研究(Ⅱ)——没食子酰化改性纤维素合成及其功能特性试验     

汪咏梅  陈笳鸿  吴冬梅  吴在嵩  王成章 《林产化学与工业》2007,27(2):1-6

以没食子酰基为功能基团,以改性纤维素为骨架合成功能高分子材料没食子酰化改性纤维素(没食子酰基-1,6-己二亚胺基-羟丙基-纤维素,CG):先将纤维素与环氧氯丙烷反应,然后依次接上己二胺桥链和三乙酰基没食子酰基,最后将没食子酰基脱去乙酰基得到目标产物。功能试验表明,1g产物能结合明胶49.5mg,并可再生使用。1g产物络合金属离子的能力:Fe3 53.4mg,Cu2 38.7mg,Hg2 46.5mg,Mn2 6.8mg,Zn2 27.9mg,Pb2 57.2mg。产物在稀酸、稀碱、稀醇和热水中具有稳定性。  相似文献   

多酚羧酸合成功能高分子材料研究(I)——没食子酸与纤维素的酯化合成及产物功能特性试验     

陈笳鸿  汪咏梅  吴冬梅  吴在嵩  王成章 《林产化学与工业》2005,(2)

研究了以没食子酰基为功能性基团、纤维素为分子骨架的功能高分子材料的合成。将没食子酸先用醋酐进行乙酰化保护酚羟基,后与酰氯化剂SOCl2或PCl5反应,制得三乙酰基没食子酰氯,得率分别为80%和90%;再以吡啶为催化剂与纤维素进行酯化反应制得三乙酰基没食子酰纤维素;然后脱去乙酰基制得功能高分子化合物没食子酰纤维素,酯化率为43.6%。功能特性试验表明,该产物具有吸附结合明胶和络合Fe3+能力,在稀酸、醇和热水中稳定并可再生。1g干产物可结合明胶65.5mg,解吸率约98%;可络合Fe3+76.5mg,解吸率约98%。本研究为进一步研制可用于酿造过程的能结合蛋白质和络合金属离子的新型功能高分子材料奠定了技术基础。  相似文献