Characterisation of energy-dependent efflux of imazalil and fenarimol in isolates of Penicillium italicum with a low,medium and high degree of resistance to DMI-fungicides   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Guan  J. C. Kapteyn  A. Kerkenaar  M. A. De Waard 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):313-324

Differential accumulation of [¹⁴C]imazalil and [¹⁴C]fenarimol by germlings of wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates ofPenicillium italicum was studied at various pH values. At pH 7 and 8 the low-resistant isolate E_300–3 accumulated 22% and 35%, respectively, less imazalil than the wild-type isolate W₅. Imazalil accumulation at pH 5 and 6 was similar. Isolate E_300–3 also accumulated less fenarimol as compared with the wild-type isolate. This difference was much more obvious than for imazalil and was observed at all pH values tested. Differences in accumulation of both imazalil and fenarimol between low (E_300–3), medium (H₁₇) and high resistant (I₃₃) isolates were not observed. These results suggest that decreased accumulation of DMIs is responsible for a low level of resistance only and that additional mechanisms of resistance might operate in isolates with a medium and high degree of resistance. With all isolates fenarimol accumulation was energy-dependent. This was not obvious for imazalil.The wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates had a similar plasma membrane potential as determined with the probe [¹⁴C]tetraphenylphosphonium bromide ([¹⁴C]TPP⁺). Various test compounds, among which ATPase inhibitors, ionophoric antibiotics and calmodulin antagonists, affected the accumulation of [¹⁴C]TPP⁺, [¹⁴C]imazalil and [¹⁴C]fenarimol. No obvious correlation between the effects of the test compounds on accumulation levels of the fungicides and [¹⁴C]TPP⁺ could be observed. These results indicate that the plasma membrane potential does not mediate the efflux of DMI fungicides byP. italicum.  相似文献   

苹果的3种优良砧木     

于福顺  焦功强  江志训 《落叶果树》2002,34(2):16-16

介绍了“B9”、“CG80”、“75-7-1”三种苹果矮化钻木，并以生产上应用较多的M26作为对照，研究了其矮化程度、早果性、嫁接亲和力、树体产量等性状。  相似文献   

Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin attenuated liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice     

HUANG Zhi  ZHENG Wen-jie  XIANG Jun-jian  YANG Fang  GUO Bao-jiang 《园艺学报》2002,18(7):819-822

AIM:To investigate the effect of Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin (Se-SPC) on liver injury of mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). METHODS:The mouse model was conducted by intragastric feeding with 2% CCl₄ oil for three times, meanwhile Se-SPC, spirulina phycocyanin (SPC) and Na₂SeO₃ were injected (ip) to various groups for 7 days. Then selenium (Se), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondiaoldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in blood and liver were measured. RESULTS:The level of Se,GPx and SOD activities were obviously higher(P<0.05)but ALT activity,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- levels were remarkably lower(P<0.05)in Se-SPC treated groups than those in CCl₄ groups,and effects of high dose Se-SPC on Se,GPx,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- were even more significant(P<0.01).Under the same dose of Se or protein,effects of all selected targets in Se-SPC groups were more efficient than those in SPC groups and inorganic-Se groups.Furthermore,Se levels had a positive correlation with GPx activity(r=01705),which had negative correlation with levels of MDA,NO₂^-/NO₃^- and ALT(r=-0.629,r=-0.336,r=-0.457,respectively), and positive correlations between ALT activity and MDA or NO₂^-/NO₃^- level were found (r=0.519,r=0.641). CONCLUSION:These results indicated that Se-SPC may attenuate liver injury of mice induced by CCl₄ through its anti-inflammatory action and enhancing selenoenzyme expression.  相似文献   

土培条件下外源硒对黄芪吸收和转运硒的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

耿丽平  乔斌  赵全利  薛培英  刘文菊 《水土保持学报》2018,32(2):372-376

以黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)和2种价态的硒为主要研究对象,采用土壤盆栽试验方法探讨了添加不同浓度(0,2,4,6,8mg/kg土)硒酸钠(SeVI)和亚硒酸钠(SeIV)对黄芪地上部和根系硒累积与分配的影响。结果表明:土壤中添加硒浓度为2~6mg/kg的亚硒酸钠有利于黄芪地上部和根部干物质的累积,比CK增加34.55%~38.24%,但是添加硒浓度超过2mg/kg的硒酸钠抑制了黄芪植株的生长;添加不同浓度的2种形态硒均可显著提高黄芪地上部和根部硒浓度,且土壤中添加硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠的硒浓度分别与黄芪植株硒含量呈极显著正相关关系(SeVI:r=0.884**,SeIV:r=0.973**);随着硒处理浓度的升高,添加硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠处理的黄芪根系对硒吸收能力高于对照,转移系数和富集系数均大于1,且硒含量地上部根部,这表明土壤中添加外源硒可以提高黄芪对硒的吸收和转运能力。综上所述,在中性偏碱性土壤上施用硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠均可促进黄芪对外源硒的吸收、转运和累积,且土壤施用2~6mg/kg的亚硒酸钠对黄芪的生长和硒的累积效果更好。  相似文献   

影响作物吸收硒的土肥因素研究进展     

刘敏  张瑞瑞  郑韵英  王日明  杨利琼  刘永贤  袁林喜  尹雪斌  尹艳镇 《土壤》2018,50(6):1100-1104

硒是人体的必需元素,硒缺乏会造成多种疾病。通过摄入农产品适量补充硒,能保证人体健康。对作物补充适量硒肥,是增加农产品硒含量的有效措施。作物吸收硒与土壤因素及肥料因素关系密切,判断哪个因素是影响作物吸收硒最关键的因素值得探讨。通过对文献系统调研发现,影响作物吸收硒的土肥因素中,土壤本身的硒含量及硒肥量最关键,土壤pH及有机质含量为活化土壤硒的间接因素,硒肥种类及施肥方式为配合硒肥量的补充因素。促进作物对硒的吸收要结合土壤性质、硒肥量、施肥方式等因素综合考虑,以达到富硒农产品高产高效的目的。  相似文献   

水稻不同生育期对硒的吸收、转运及累积规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

管文文  戴其根  张洪程  尹雪斌 《土壤》2018,50(6):1150-1154

采用大田试验,研究土壤施用含硒肥料后水稻中硒的积累和分布的动态变化。结果表明:在水稻不同器官中硒的积累量与含硒肥料施用量呈正相关,相关系数达到0.98以上。水稻成熟期,硒施用量30 kg/hm2和120 kg/hm2处理全株硒浓度分别比对照处理提高了98.9%和313.7%。不同生育期,水稻各个器官中硒含量及累积量不同,水稻硒的生物富集高峰期表现在孕穗期,叶与水稻穗部吸收累积硒有着密切关系。水稻成熟期整个植株中硒的累积量为茎叶精米根颖壳。在整个水稻生育期硒有一定的运转累积规律:水稻分蘖期时,硒从根、茎流向叶片;孕穗期再由叶流向茎;灌浆期又从根运转到叶和穗中;最后成熟期叶中的硒流向穗。苗期施用含硒肥料是一条提高水稻硒含量的有效农艺措施。  相似文献   

家蚕核型多角体病毒ORF 75基因的生物信息学分析     

安世恒  尹新明  江志伟  胡鹏  郭征  杨永青 《河南农业大学学报》2007,41(6):641-646

通过对家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyx mori,nucleopolyhedrovirus:BmNPV)ORF 75基因核苷酸序列进行生物信息学分析,BmNPVORF 75基因位于病毒基因组70 485 bp和71 264 bp之间,编码259个氨基酸残基的多肽,预测分子相对质量为30.8 kDa,等电点为7.67,分子式为C1409H2157N351O390S19;蛋白在大肠杆菌内的半衰期大于10 h;酸性氨基酸(Asp Glu)占10.5%,碱性氨基酸(Arg Lys)占10.8%;蛋白的不稳定指数为42.67,是不稳定蛋白.利用Prosite数据库扫描,查到4类9个蛋白修饰位点.通过Blast搜索氨基酸同源序列发现,BmNPVORF 75同源蛋白存在于所有测序的鳞翅目昆虫杆状病毒中,不存在于其他非鳞翅目昆虫杆状病毒中.同源序列比对结果,BmNPVORF75蛋白的氨基酸序列与苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Autographa californica MNPV)ORF92之间的同源性达到100%,应为相同基因.依照BmNPVORF75同源基因序列相似性,对13种昆虫杆状病毒进行进化树构建分析,其中,BmNPVORF75与薄荷灰夜蛾多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(Rachiplusia ouMN-PV)ORF89基因进化距离很近,同源性较高.  相似文献   

施硒对黄芪生长、硒含量及转运的影响     

赵全利  耿丽平  乔斌  薛培英  刘文菊 《中国农学通报》2017,33(16):91-96

为了解黄芪对硒的吸收转运能力,以黄芪为试材,采用根施和叶面喷施硒2种方式,探索施用不同浓度(0、5、10、50、100μmol/L)的硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠,对黄芪生物量、硒含量以及硒在植物体内的转运能力进行研究。结果表明,无论是以硒酸钠还是亚硒酸钠作为硒源均有利于黄芪地上部和根部干物重、硒含量的增加,随着硒浓度的增加干物重呈先升高后下降的趋势,黄芪地上部硒含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,根部硒含量与之相反。添加硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠处理时,在10μmol/L浓度处理时黄芪地上部和根部干物重最大,分别比CK增加了49.89%、60.87%和23.36%、60.00%。添加相同浓度的硒酸钠处理时,黄芪地上部和根部中硒含量高于施亚硒酸钠处理,在100μmol/L浓度处理下黄芪地上部硒含量最大为119.13μg/g,在5μmol/L浓度处理下黄芪根部硒含量最大为52.25μg/g。2种施硒方式下,根部施硒酸钠更有利于黄芪对硒的富集,且黄芪根部向地上部转运硒的能力随施硒浓度的升高逐渐增大。  相似文献   

富硒纳豆芽孢杆菌的选育试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘波 《北方园艺》2009,(1)

利用纳豆芽孢杆菌将无机硒生物转化为有机硒后,进行富硒纳豆的发酵试验.结果表明:纳豆芽孢杆菌能够进行无机硒的生物转化,其转化无机硒的最大浓度为1.0×10-6mol/L.过量的无机硒对纳豆芽孢杆菌具有明显的毒害作用,少量的无机硒可促进纳豆芽孢杆菌的生长.通过正交试验优化出富硒纳豆的最佳发酵条件为1 kg大豆中添加硒1.0×10-6mol,接种量7%,培养温度42℃,培养时间18 h,经检测此条件下发酵的纳豆硒含量为6.58μmol/kg,无机硒的转化率达73.6%.  相似文献   

Information technology and innovative drainage management practices for selenium load reduction from irrigated agriculture to provide stakeholder assurances and meet contaminant mass loading policy objectives     

Nigel W.T. Quinn 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(3):484-492

Many perceive the implementation of environmental regulatory policy, especially concerning non-point source pollution from irrigated agriculture, as being less efficient in the United States than in many other countries. This is partly a result of the stakeholder involvement process but is also a reflection of the inability to make effective use of Environmental Decision Support Systems (EDSS) to facilitate technical information exchange with stakeholders and to provide a forum for innovative ideas for controlling non-point source pollutant loading. This paper describes one of the success stories where a standardized Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methodology was modified to better suit regulation of a trace element in agricultural subsurface drainage and information technology was developed to help guide stakeholders, provide assurances to the public and encourage innovation while improving compliance with State water quality objectives. The geographic focus of the paper is the western San Joaquin Valley where, in 1985, evapo-concentration of selenium in agricultural subsurface drainage water, diverted into large ponds within a federal wildlife refuge, caused teratogenecity in waterfowl embryos and in other sensitive wildlife species. The fallout from this environmental disaster was a concerted attempt by State and Federal water agencies to regulate non-point source loads of the trace element selenium. The complexity of selenium hydrogeochemistry, the difficulty and expense of selenium concentration monitoring and political discord between agricultural and environmental interests created challenges to the regulation process. Innovative policy and institutional constructs, supported by environmental monitoring and the web-based data management and dissemination systems, provided essential decision support, created opportunities for adaptive management and ultimately contributed to project success. The paper provides a retrospective on the contentious planning process and offers suggestions as to how the technical and institutional issues could have been resolved faster through early adoption of some of the core principles of sound EDSS design.  相似文献