关中盆地全新世黄土-土壤剖面微量元素的地球化学特征及其古气候意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贾耀锋  庞奖励  黄春长  毛龙江 《土壤通报》2012,(3):513-520

通过对老官台全新世黄土剖面12种微量元素的测定分析,结合本剖面已测定的粒度、磁化率、光释光(OSL)年龄,研究和揭示了它们在表生环境下的地球化学特征和古气候意义。微量元素在风化成壤过程中,其活动性由强至弱顺序为BaSrCdPbLiZnCuCrMnCoRbNi。其中Rb、Li、Cr、Co、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni八种元素在土壤形成过程中相对富集,含量较高;Sr、Ba、Cd三种元素在土壤中相对淋失,含量较低;但Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb五种元素对黄土层和土壤层的区别不是很明显。因此,Rb、Li、Cr、Co的高含量反映了较温湿的成壤环境,低含量反映了较冷干的粉尘加积环境;而Sr、Ba、Cd低含量反映了较温湿的成壤环境,高含量反映了较冷干的粉尘加积环境。Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Cd元素含量在表土层中的富集主要与现代耕作活动或工业污染有关,反映了人类活动强度的不断增强。LGT剖面主要微量元素的变化清楚地记录了关中盆地自末次冰消期以来气候环境经历的显著波动变化。  相似文献   

Improved micropropagation protocol and enhancement in biomass and chlorophyll content in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni by using high copper levels in the culture medium     

Pourvi Jain  Sumita Kachhwaha  S.L. Kothari 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Incorporation of a range of higher concentrations of CuSO₄·5H₂O in MS medium [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with 240 tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497] significantly enhanced direct shoot bud induction and proliferation from cultured leaf and nodal explants taken from mature plants of Stevia rebaudiana. Shoot bud induction medium was supplemented with BAP (2.2 μM) and IAA (2.8 μM). When the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O in the induction medium was raised to 0.5 μM (five times the MS level, i.e. 0.1 μM) there was significant increase in percentage response along with increase in shoot bud number per explant. The shoots were healthy, well developed with dark green broader leaves. There was remarkable increase in total biomass and chlorophyll content at increased (0.5 μM) copper level in the medium. During proliferation stage also presence of high copper levels in the medium favoured increase in shoot bud number per explant.  相似文献   

Contamination of shallow groundwater system and soil-plant transfer of trace metals under amended irrigated fields     

Moshood N. Tijani 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(3):437-444

This study focuses on experimental pilot assessment of contamination of shallow groundwater systems and soil-plant transfer of trace metals under amended irrigated fields. The study approach involved a pilot experimental (greenhouse) set-up of organo-mineral amended test plots/troughs (40 cm × 47 cm × 46 cm) planted with two common vegetable crops (Amaranthus hybridus and Abelmoschus esculentus) and irrigated with wastewater. In addition to the geochemical analyses of the primary un-amended and amended soils before planting as well as residual soils after harvesting, measurements of the physico-chemical parameters and chemical analyses of trace metals concentrations in irrigation leachates and harvested vegetable tissues were also undertaken following appropriate standard sample preparation and analytical methods.The results of the geochemical analyses carried out on irrigation leachate samples collected during the sprouting stage revealed that most of the analyzed trace metals in the collected leachates exhibited 2-10 folds depletion (except for Cu and Co with enrichment of about 1.5-3 folds) compared to the initial wastewater used for irrigation. A situation attributed to uptake/bioaccumulation of these metals and selective enrichment in the residual soils as well as to leaching by infiltrating irrigation water. Nonetheless, the observed higher trace elements concentrations in the second sets of leachates collected during harvesting stage compared to the first sets of leachates collected during the sprouting/vegetative stage is an indication of higher plant uptake during sprouting/vegetative stage or initial sorption/complexation of biosolids amendment before later vertical re-mobilization by infiltrating irrigation water.Although, virtually all of the analyzed metals exhibited elevated concentrations (2-173 ppm) in both A. hybridus and A. esculentus, a closer evaluation revealed 1.2-8.2 folds enrichment of Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Cu, and Pb in A. esculentus compared to that of A. hybridus, an indication of the fact that phyto-accumulation of trace metal is plant-specific and dependent on physiological set-up. The overall evaluation had clearly demonstrated the potential danger of bioaccumulation of toxic trace metals under biosolid amended soils as well as impacts of irrigation-induced leaching on the shallow groundwater quality, while the need to evolve a sustainable agricultural practices is also highlighted.

Capsule

Organo-mineral amendment can lead to trace metal bioaccumulation (in plants) and irrigation-induced leaching to shallow groundwater system.  相似文献   

Study on the variation of trace elements and oxidative stress in diaphragm of the diabetic rats     

SHEN Xing-ping  SHU Chang-da  HE Jun 《园艺学报》2000,16(7):655-657

AIM:To investigate the relationship between trace elements and oxidative stress in diabetic diaphragm. METHODS: Contents of copper(Cu), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),cobalt(Co),molybdenum(Mo) and lithium(Li) in the alloxan-induced diabetic rat diaphragm muscles were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, andtheir superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and malondiadehyde(MDA) contents were detected. RESULTS: The contents of Cu, Zn, Cr and Li were lower and the Fe and Cd were higher in diabetic rat diaphragm muscles than that of the control group, but there were no significant differences in Mn, Co and Mo, between control and diabetic group. SOD activities decreased significantly and MDA contents increased significantly in diaphragm of diabetic rats as compared with the control group.In addition,in diabetic rats diaphragm, there was a positive correlation between Zn and SOD, and negative correlation between Zn and MDA, and Cd and SOD. CONCLUSION: Changes of the contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, Li and the increase of oxidative stress in diaphragm were found in the early diabetes, and Zn, Cd play an importment role in oxidative stress of diabetic diaphragm.  相似文献   

土壤微量元素与人类活动强度的对应关系   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

王祖伟  徐利淼  张文具 《土壤通报》2002,33(4):303-305

本文以天津地区为例 ,在分析影响土壤中微量元素含量各种人为因素的基础上 ,利用天津地区人类活动强度对土壤微量元素含量变化的联系、不同土地利用方式土壤微量元素含量的变化规律 ,探讨土壤微量元素含量变化与人类活动强度之间的联系。研究发现 ,Hg、Cd、Se元素是最敏感的地球化学因子 ,能够反映天津地区土壤环境受人类活动的影响程度 ,利用土壤环境中Hg、Cd、Se的变化特征 ,可以确定本地区土壤环境受人类影响程度的大小  相似文献   

Soil freeze-thaw cycle experiments: Trends, methodological weaknesses and suggested improvements     

Hugh A.L. Henry 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(5):977-986

Although freeze-thaw cycles can alter soil physical properties and microbial activity, their overall impact on soil functioning remains unclear. This review addresses the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil physical properties, microorganisms, carbon and nutrient dynamics, trace gas losses and higher organisms associated with soil. I discuss how the controlled manipulation of freeze-thaw cycles has varied widely among studies and propose that, despite their value in demonstrating the mechanisms of freeze-thaw action in soils, many studies of soil freeze-thaw cycles have used cycle amplitudes, freezing rates and minimum temperatures that are not relevant to temperature changes across much of the soil profile in situ. The lack of coordination between the timing of soil collection and the season for which freeze-thaw cycles are being simulated is also discussed. Suggested improvements to future studies of soil freeze-thaw cycles include the maintenance of realistic temperature fluctuations across the soil profile, soil collection in the appropriate season and the inclusion of relevant surface factors such as plant litter in the fall or excess water in the spring. The implications of climate change for soil freeze-thaw cycles are addressed, along with the need to directly assess how changes in soil freeze-thaw cycle dynamics alter primary production.  相似文献   

Potential chemical time bombs in the schelde estuary     

G. T. M. Van Eck  N. M. De Rooij 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1993,4(4):317-332

The Schelde estuary is heavily polluted with many different (micro)pollutants. This results in high concentrations in the abiotic and biotic compartments of the Schelde estuary and in various effects. the present day suboxic and anoxic conditions in the upper estuary are probably responsible for the high distribution coefficients for some trace metals in the lower Schelde estuary (Western Schelde). a future reduction in discharges with a high biological oxygen demand will therefore not only result in higher oxygen concentrations, but probably also in lower distribution coefficients for trace metals in the Western Schelde. Simulations show that lower trace metal distribution coefficients will probably result in higher concentrations of dissolved (bioavailable) trace metals, even with substantially reduced discharge rates, due to the desorption of trace metals from resuspended bottom sediments.  相似文献   

微量元素对大豆异黄酮含量和产量构成性状的影响及其相关分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李菊艳  任继秋  姚文秋 《大豆科学》2006,25(3):336-338,335

通过对3个品种施用微量元素,测定其对大豆籽粒异黄酮含量及对产量构成性状的影响,分析了对产量构成性状与异黄酮含量的相关性.结果表明,不同品种间异黄酮含量差异显著,同一品种不同处理间差异不显著.微量元素的配合使用效果在3个品种上均比对照好;在产量构成性状方面,绥农10、绥农14的株高普遍降低,而施用B、Zn、Mo及配施使合丰43增高大于5%;单株结荚数:绥农10和绥农14增加较明显;百粒重:绥农10增加较明显;单株重:三个品种均有不同程度的增加,但绥农14经方差分析差异达到5%显著.相关性分析表明三个品种,不同产量性状均与异黄酮含量无显著的正相关,且多数呈现负相关.  相似文献   

土壤中痕量钼的催化光度测定法     

任健敏  刘晓庚  陈思钦 《江西农业大学学报》1989,(4)

本文研究了钼(Ⅳ)在 HCl—KCl 缓冲液介质中催化过氧化氢氧化对氨基乙酰苯胺和β—萘酚的显色反应。并拟定了催化分光光度测定土壤中痕量钼的新方法,本方法的灵敏度为8×10~(-10)g/ml,测定范围0～1.0μg/25ml,本法已用于土壤中痕量钼的测定。  相似文献   

野生竹红菌中微量元素的测定     

刘卫  张举成  严和平  李应  易中周  闵勇  杨金 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(22):6809-6810

[目的]为了测定野生竹红菌中微量元素的含量。[方法]通过干灰化法制备了从云南山区采集的野生竹红菌样品,用原子吸收光谱法测定了其中Mn、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu等9种元素的含量。[结果]竹红菌对各金属元素的集累(富集)能力存在差异,对Fe、Se和Hg的集累(富集)能力相对要强,对Cd、Cr、Pb等几种主要的重金属的集累(富集)能力相对较弱,测定的微量元素含量顺序是Fe>Se>Hg>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd。原子吸收的回收率为98.7%~116.4%,RSD值为0.07%~1.67%,都在实验要求的范围内。[结论]竹红菌中的硒元素含量较高,具有一定的开发价值。原子吸收光谱法测定竹红菌中微量元素是可行的。  相似文献