排序方式： 共有53条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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农村生物质能利用技术种类较多,确定各类技术的适用范围及经济性,有利于在农村地区选择合适的技术,促进生物质能利用技术在农村的开发利用。该文提出了户均用能成本的概念和计算方法,对农村户用沼气、养殖场沼气工程、固体成型燃料、秸秆沼气、秸秆气化集中供气等技术进行了技术经济评价。研究结果表明:农村户用沼气技术的经济性最好,其次为固体成型燃料技术,而秸秆气化集中供气技术的经济性最差。随着农村社会经济的发展,认为固体成型燃料技术将逐渐占主导地位,而秸秆沼气技术可以填补由于畜禽粪便短缺而带来的空白。 相似文献
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Transgenic trees as a new source for biofuel have brought a great interest in tree biotechnology. Genetically modifying forest trees for ethanol production have advantages in technical challenges, costs, environmental concerns, and financial problems over some of crops. Genetic engineering of forest trees can be used to reduce the level of lignin, to produce the fast-growing trees, to develop trees with higher cellulose, and to allow the trees to be grown more widely. Trees can establish themselves in the field with less care of farmers, compared to most of crops. Transgenic crops as a new source for biofuel have been recently reviewed in several reviews. Here, we overview transgenic woody plants as a new source for biofuel including genetically modified woody plants and environment; main focus of woody plants genetic modifications; solar to chemical energy transfer; cellulose biosynthesis; lignin biosynthesis; and cellulosic ethanol as biofuel. 相似文献
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原料粒径及含水率对樟叶颗粒燃料密度及机械耐久性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对中国南方常见的香樟落叶资源利用率不高的问题,该研究通过试验研究了樟树叶颗粒燃料成型工艺,在用扫描电子显微镜成像法解释了胚料成型机理的理论基础上,通过单因素法分析香樟树叶热压成型过程中原料含水率、原料粒径对成型燃料密度和机械耐久性的影响规律。研究结果表明：燃料密度与机械耐久性呈正相关;随着含水率增加,成型颗粒的密度先增大后减小,机械耐久性持续减小;原料粒径减小后,成型燃料的密度与机械耐久性均有不同程度的增加且数值分布更密集。通过正交试验,验证含水率与粒径间存在对密度与机械耐久性存在显著的交互作用,确定樟树叶颗粒燃料最优压制工艺参数。试验结果表明,在环境温度120 ℃、压强110.14 MPa、保压时间60 s条件下,最优成型密度工艺参数为：含水率：6%、粒径：0.6～1 mm,最优机械耐久性工艺参数为：含水率：3%、粒径：0～0.6 mm。为 相似文献
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Genoveffa Nuzzo Carmela Gallo Giuliana d’Ippolito Adele Cutignano Angela Sardo Angelo Fontana 《Marine drugs》2013,11(10):3742-3753
Accurate characterization of biomass constituents is a crucial aspect of research in the biotechnological application of natural products. Here we report an efficient, fast and reproducible method for the identification and quantitation of fatty acids and complex lipids (triacylglycerols, glycolipids, phospholipids) in microalgae under investigation for the development of functional health products (probiotics, food ingredients, drugs, etc.) or third generation biofuels. The procedure consists of extraction of the biological matrix by modified Folch method and direct analysis of the resulting material by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The protocol uses a reference electronic signal as external standard (ERETIC method) and allows assessment of total lipid content, saturation degree and class distribution in both high throughput screening of algal collection and metabolic analysis during genetic or culturing studies. As proof of concept, the methodology was applied to the analysis of three microalgal species (Thalassiosira weissflogii, Cyclotella cryptica and Nannochloropsis salina) which drastically differ for the qualitative and quantitative composition of their fatty acid-based lipids. 相似文献
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采用低温烘焙技术制备玉米秸秆成型生物炭,可解决玉米秸秆带来的环境污染及资源浪费。研究以玉米秸秆成型颗粒为原料,利用固定床反应器,制备了不同烘焙温度(250～400℃)成型生物炭,采用元素分析、工业分析、能量产率、质量产率、机械性能、疏水性、红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)、扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、元素K含量等分析生物炭特性。随烘焙温度升高,热值增加,能量产率降低,400℃时,成型生物炭热值为21.86MJ/kg,能量产率为50.17%。成型生物炭颗粒表面裂纹增多,机械性能降低,350℃烘焙成型生物炭(CSP350)机械性能好于400℃烘焙成型生物炭(CSP400),低于成型生物质颗。烘焙生物炭疏水性提升,可贮藏于室外。成型玉米秸秆经烘焙热解发生了脱水、脱羰基、脱甲基反应,纤维素、半纤维素热解剧烈,木质素开始热解。随温度升高,其孔径呈下降趋势,比表面积增大。结果表明,玉米秸秆成型烘焙生物炭可作为优质生物燃料,适宜制备温度为300～350℃。 相似文献
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办为满足国民经济高速持续发展对新型能源日益增长的需求,适应改善我国能源消费结构、节能减排、发展低碳经济的需要,加快发展生物质能源是一项战略选择。文章阐述了大力发展新兴生物燃料产业具有的重大经济社会意义,提出以大批粮食、食用油为原料生产生物燃料,是第一代生物燃料,在我国发展中遭遇到不可逾越的障碍。认为大力发展第二代生物燃料,即纤维素燃料乙醇和木本油料生物柴油具有多种优越性,将开辟我国生物燃料持续发展的广阔途径,特别是开发利用广袤的“边际性土地”,即开辟最普遍、最丰富的生产生物燃料的资源,既可改善生态脆弱地区的生产与生活环境,还可点燃农业农村新经济增长点,有利于解决“三农”问题,效用重大。最后提出我国发展生物燃料的五条必要措施,包括：大力开发广袤的“边际性土地”;尽快攻克纤维素燃料乙醇的技术难关;建立健全生物燃料能源市场体系,以市场机制优化资源配置;建立专业生物能源资源产销合作社,建立社会化服务体系;加大财政扶持力度,把发展第二代生物燃料列入国家“十二五”经济社会发展规划。 相似文献
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Utilization of fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants, is a sustainable use of waste for power generation. Discarding fly ash as waste in landfills/ash ponds may not only be regarded as a loss of valuable land and essential nutrients, but also pose a significant health hazard due to fine air-borne particles and leaching of heavy metals. The presence of essential macro- and micronutrients and its porosity make fly ash an excellent soil amendment for plant growth as an organic nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) supplementation. As harmful heavy metals make fly ash unsafe for agronomy, bioenergy crop plantation and energy generation from different thermochemical conversions of the biomass would be an ideal method for coal fly ash utilization through which carbon-neutral fuel can be generated from fossil fuel, thus reducing climate change impact. This review summarizes the development of bioenergy plantation and silviculture at fly ash dumpsites with an integrated phyto-bio-rhizo-mycoremediation approach and assesses utilization of the valuable biomass for thermal energy, electricity, and biofuel generation with inclusion of a SWOT analysis (a strategic technique typically used to help identify the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threat). Bioenergy crop production through integrated phytomanagement can generate billions of dollars of wealth from waste and provides a sustainable solution for fly ash management, with environmental, economic, and social benefits. 相似文献
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在研制新型菊芋秸秆-烟煤混合固体燃料的基础上,筛选不同添加剂[MgCO3、CaCO_3、Al2O_3、Al_2Si_2O_5(OH)_5]优化燃料,以提高生物质混合固体燃料的燃烧性能。将四种添加剂以3%比例(质量比)与菊芋秸秆-烟煤混合固体燃料混合,比较了不同添加剂对混合固体燃料的灰分、结渣率、放热量、烟黑、灰熔点、烟气成分等的影响。结果表明:四种添加剂对酸性气体有明显的吸附作用,且能有效降低混合固体燃料的结渣率,其中CaCO_3添加剂使混合固体燃料的灰分含量、烟黑的林格曼指数下降最为明显。这表明,CaCO_3添加剂能有效缓解混合固体燃料中的灰分、烟黑、酸性气体的生成,提高其燃烧性能,是一种较为理想的新型菊芋秸秆-烟煤混合固体燃料添加剂。 相似文献