橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁测定方法研究     

许木果  丁华平  刘忠妹  陈桂良  陈永川  黎小清 《中国农学通报》2020,36(18):73-79

为了获得简单、易操作、准确度高的橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁测定方法,本试验通过响应面优化试验,建立称样量、提取液体积、提取方式与交换性钙测定结果之间的数学模型。结果表明：在25℃条件下,以1 mol/L的乙酸铵为土壤浸提液,称样量为2 g、提取液体积175 mL、振荡36 min,为橡胶园酸性、中性土壤的最佳提取条件。将上述条件下得到的结果与标准方法条件下得到的结果相对比,两结果的相对误差在1.25~3.04之间,均属合理范围。利用标准样品对优化方法进行试验验证,结果与推荐值相符。改进后的方法分析成本低、操作简便、测定结果准确、稳定性好,可用于橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁的测定。  相似文献   

Ionic Ratios and Crop Performance: II. Effects of Interactions amongst Vanadium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Calcium on Soybean Yield     

A. Olness  D. Palmquist  & J. Rinke 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,187(1):47-52

Because vanadium (V) is easily reduced to a cationic form within plant cells, data from resin-extraction of soil were analysed for evidence of interactions between V and the resin-extractable concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) on soybean seed yield. Three varieties, 9091, 9061 and 704, were grown over a 3-year period in a corn–soybean–wheat rotation. Surface soil samples (0–15 cm) were extracted with ion-exchange resins, extracts were analysed by inductively coupled plasma methods (ICP), and the results were regressed against seed yield using SAS PROC STEPWISE analysis using forward selection, backward elimination and maximum R² routines. The seed yield of each variety showed a correlation with a unique set of resin-extractable concentrations of V, phosphorus (P), Mg and Ca, and the V:(V + P), Mg:(Mg + Ca), Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) and Ca:(Ca + 1000 V) ratios. Variety 9091 was most sensitive to the Mg:(Mg + Ca) ratio. Variety 9061 was most sensitive to extractable V and to the V:(V + P) ratio. Variety 704 was sensitive to extractable P, V and Ca and the Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) ratio. For variety 9091, Mg fertilization (not currently practised) may be an economical practice, whereas P fertilization of 704 may not be economical. Each regression technique varied slightly in identification of important factors in seed yield. Concentrations and ratios of resin-extractable elements in soil provide insights into optimal genotype selection and possible management alternatives for a given soil.  相似文献   

晋中市左权县作物土壤有效镁营养状况分析     

刘艳  姚延梼  李彩珍  陈菲儿  许建卿 《天津农业科学》2014,(8):38-41

以长治市左权县东隘口村土壤为研究对象,将48个分别来自玉米地、蓖麻地、谷子地、药材地内的不同土壤类型样品,用原子吸收分光光度计进行有效镁含量的检测。结果表明,试验区内,土壤有效镁含量处于中等水平,且有效镁含量与电导率呈现正相关关系。不同作物下的土壤有效镁含量无显著性差异,而在不同土壤类型间差异性显著。土壤缺镁时,可以施用硫酸钾镁。  相似文献   

硒肥与钝化材料组配对土壤Cd钝化及稻米Cd消减效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柴冠群  刘桂华  罗沐欣键  秦松  范成五 《中国农学通报》2021,37(32):102-107

为了探讨不同硒肥施用方式联合钝化材料对土壤镉钝化和稻米镉消减的效果,采用盆栽试验的方式,选用亚硒酸钠作为硒肥,钙镁磷肥和硅藻土作为钝化材料,设置基施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土和叶面喷施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土2种方式,研究其不同用量对镉污染酸性稻田土壤修复与安全利用的影响。结果表明：随着施用量的增加,稻米产量增加,基施硒肥产量略高于叶面喷施硒肥,产量差为 2.115 g/pot,与对照(CK)相比,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒(T3)能够提高1.68倍的稻米产量;随着施用量的增加,pH升高,有效Cd降低,有机质与CEC变化不大;基施硒肥与叶面喷施硒肥处理对土壤pH、有机质与CEC差异不显著,但基施硒肥处理有效Cd含量略低于叶面喷施硒肥处理,T3对土壤Cd的钝化效果最佳;随着基施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量降低,随着叶面喷施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量先降低后升高,基施硒肥处理对稻米Cd的消减程度强于叶面喷施硒肥处理,相差 0.021 mg/kg,与对照(CK)相比,T3处理稻米Cd降低0.063 mg/kg。可见,硒对调控稻米镉累积具有重要作用,且基施硒肥强于叶面喷施。综上所述,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒对土壤Cd钝化与稻米Cd消减的效果最佳,值得在镉污染稻田推广应用。  相似文献   

Mineral absorption in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) as compared with the domestic horse     

Clauss M  Castell JC  Kienzle E  Schramel P  Dierenfeld ES  Flach EJ  Behlert O  Streich WJ  Hummel J  Hatt JM 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(5-6):193-204

To test whether mineral recommendations for horses are likely to guarantee adequate mineral provision for black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis), we investigated the apparent absorption (aA) of macro- and microminerals in eight black rhinoceroses from three zoological institutions in a total of 32 feeding trials with total faecal collection, with additional data from three unpublished studies (18 feeding trials). Feeds and faeces were analysed for Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Co. The resulting aA coefficients, and the linear relationships of apparently absorbable dietary mineral content to total dietary mineral content [per 100 g dry matter (DM)], were compared with data for domestic horses. Rhinoceroses had significantly higher aA coefficients for Ca and Mg (because of a higher calculated 'true' absorption), and lower ones for Na and K (because of calculated higher endogenous faecal losses). High absorption efficiency for divalent cations is hypothesized to be an adaptation to a natural diet of particularly high Ca:P ratio (approximately 14:1); an effective removal of Ca from the ingesta guarantees sufficient P availability at the fermentation site in the hindgut. Higher faecal losses of Na and K are hypothesized to be linked to a higher faecal bulk per DM intake in black rhinoceroses as compared with horses because of a generally lower digestive efficiency. There were no relevant differences in the absorption patterns of microminerals. In particular, there were no discernable differences in Fe absorption within the rhinoceroses for diets with and without tannin supplementation. Several of the zoo diets assessed in this study were deficient in Cu, Mn or Zn, and most contained excessive levels of Fe when compared with horse requirements. The findings of this study indicate that differences in mineral absorption between occur even between species of similar digestive anatomy; that in particular, Ca absorption might vary between hindgut fermenters with Ca:P ratio in their natural diet; that Na might be a particularly limiting factor in the ecology of free-ranging rhinoceroses; that moderate doses of tannins do not seem to markedly influence mineral absorption; and that diets for captive animals should contain adequate, but not excessive mineral levels.  相似文献   

Homogenizing Effect on the Microstructure and Properties of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy     

HUANG Guang-sheng  WANG Ling-yun  HUANG Guang-jie  PAN Fu-sheng 《保鲜与加工》2004,(11):18-21

  相似文献   

A nutritional disorder in pistachio from near Athens,Greece     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):931-934

Abstract

A problem pistachio orchard near Athens, Greece had many trees with severely scorched leaves. Half or more of each leaflet v/as brown and dry but tips and edges were most affected. Affected leaves were also of lighter green color than normal leaves and slightly resembled Fe deficiency. Leaf analysis indicated low K, low Fe, and high Mg. Irrigation water contained moderate levels of Mg and Na chlorides and chloride toxicity was possibly another factor. Improvement was observed when Fe chelate was applied to the orchard but Mg‐induced K deficiency was possibly a major factor. Response to K applied to soil was not observed after four months, however.  相似文献   

镁的抗氧化功能及其作用机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李宗付  陈代文  余冰 《饲料工业》2006,27(6):42-46

镁是动物的必需营养元素之一,日粮中添加镁具有抗应激、抗氧化、改善肉品质、提高生产性能的重要作用。文中综述了镁对动物体抗氧化机能的影响,并探讨了其可能的作用机制。  相似文献   

饲粮镁对肉仔鸡生长、组织镁浓度及抗氧化功能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘永祥  呙于明 《中国畜牧杂志》2007,43(19):29-33

研究比较了天门冬氨酸镁和氧化镁对肉仔鸡镁营养状态及肝脏和脾脏等组织抗氧化酶能力的影响。将252只1日龄的AA肉仔鸡随机分为7个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。天门冬氨酸镁和氧化镁的添加水平为0.9、1.8、2.7g/kg日粮,基础日粮组作为不添加镁的对照组。日粮中添加镁能显著提高血清、肝脏和脾脏中的镁浓度(P<0.01),天门冬氨酸镁比氧化镁更能有效地提高血清和肝脏中的镁含量(P<0.01)。肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,随天门冬氨酸镁添加量的增加线性增加(P<0.01),随氧化镁添加量的增加呈二次曲线增加(P<0.05)。天门冬氨酸镁比氧化镁更有效地增强肝脏中CAT的活性(P<0.01)。脾脏CAT的活性随天门冬氨酸镁(P<0.05)或氧化镁(P<0.01)添加量的增加线性增加。肝脏(P<0.05)和脾脏(P<0.01)丙二醛MDA的浓度随氧化镁或天门冬氨酸镁添加量的增加线性降低。天门冬氨酸镁比氧化镁更有效地降低肝脏中的MDA浓度(P<0.01)。结果表明:日粮中添加镁能显著改善肉仔鸡各种组织中镁的含量,并能提高肝脏和脾脏等组织中抗氧化酶的活性,降低脂质过氧化水平。  相似文献   

The estimation of losses of potassium and magnesium from chalky soils in southern England: laboratory studies     

S. D. Heming  D. L. Rowell 《Soil Use and Management》1997,13(3):122-129

Abstract. Ten chalk topsoils (0-25 cm) were repacked into columns in the laboratory. After leaching similar to one year's throughflow in the field, loss of K was equivalent to between 9 and 74kg K/ha. This represented between 3 and 30% of the initial exchangeable K with which loss was poorly correlated. Loss was dependant on the soil solution concentration and was inversely proportional to potassium buffer power.
The loss of magnesium in the same columns was between 10 and 22 kg Mg/ha (6-21% of the initial exchangeable Mg). Magnesium loss was poorly correlated with exchangeable Mg.
When KCl fertilizer was incorporated into the soils, the increase in leaching of potassium was 1–35% of the K addition. Application to the top of the column resulted in less leaching than when the K was incorporated. Leaching of magnesium was increased by up to 5 kg Mg/ha.
Potassium leaching may be delayed by the underlying A/C horizon but pure chalk, with an extremely low buffer power for K, has little ability to retain K. Extremely calcareous topsoils were the most leaky although in practice it is the organic chalk soils on which it is most difficult to attain adequate K levels. On all chalk soils, maintenance of a high K level with K fertilizer is likely to cause unnecessary long-term leaching losses. Annual, rather than biennial, fertilizer applications are to be preferred.  相似文献