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1.
Sunscreen and sunblock are crucial skincare products to prevent photoaging and photocarcinogenesis through the addition of chemical filters to absorb or block ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, several sunscreen and sunblock ingredients, mostly UV filters, have been associated with human and environmental safety concerns. Therefore, the exploration and discovery of promising novel sources of efficient and safer compounds with photoprotection-related activities are currently required. Marine invertebrates, particularly their associated microbiota, are promising providers of specialized metabolites with valuable biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, despite Actinobacteria members being a well-known source of bioactive metabolites, their photoprotective potential has been poorly explored so far. Hence, a set of methanolic extracts obtained from Cliona varians-derived actinomycetes was screened regarding their antioxidant and UV-absorbing capacities (i.e., photoprotection-related activities). The active extract-producing strains were identified and classified within genera Streptomyces, Micrococcus, Gordonia, and Promicromonospora. This is the first report of the isolation of these microorganisms from C. varians (an ecologically important Caribbean coral reef-boring sponge). The in vitro cytotoxicity on dermal fibroblasts of oxybenzone and the selected active extracts revealed that oxybenzone exerted a cytotoxic effect, whereas no cytotoxic effect of test extracts was observed. Accordingly, the most active (SPFi > 5, radical scavenging > 50%) and nontoxic (cell viability > 75%) extracts were obtained from Streptomyces strains. Finally, LC-MS-based characterization suggested a broad chemical space within the test strains and agreed with the reported streptomycetes’ chemodiversity. The respective metabolite profiling exposed a strain-specific metabolite occurrence, leading to the recognition of potential hits. These findings suggest that marine Streptomyces produce photoprotectants ought to be further explored in skincare applications. 相似文献
2.
非光化学猝灭(NPQ)常用于评估以热能途径耗散的光能(热耗散),热耗散在维持光能转化平衡中起着重要作用,是水稻叶片重要的光防御机制。大量研究表明,热耗散的诱导受跨类囊体膜ΔpH、叶黄素循环和PsbS蛋白等的调控;NPQ与光保护效应不呈线性关系,只有在某些特定条件下,NPQ才可作为光保护效应的有效指标;在高温、低温、缺氮、干旱、盐胁迫等逆境下水稻NPQ显著增加,热耗散可能与水稻抗逆性密切相关。本文从热耗散的诱导和调控机制、NPQ与光保护效应以及水稻NPQ对环境因子(温度、氮营养、水分、盐)的响应等4个方面综述了水稻叶片热耗散的研究进展,并对水稻NPQ与抗逆性关系的研究作了展望。 相似文献
3.
以来源于不同海拔高度的3个新疆宽刺蔷薇1年生实生苗为材料,在引种地北京测定光合作用日变化以及13:00的荧光参数、抗氧化生理指标.结果表明,来源不同海拔的宽刺蔷薇植株都在9:00以后出现净光合速率的持续降低,在上午受到气孔限制,中午则主要受非气孔限制,即PS Ⅱ反应中心活性的影响.各植株在13:00均受到不同程度的光抑制,与来源中、低海拔植株相比,来源高海拔的植株PS Ⅱ反应中心活性与热耗散能力均显著降低,即发生了更显著的光抑制效应;POD、APX酶活性以及AsA/DHA等酶类和非酶类抗氧化物质在高海拔来源植株中显著升高,以抵抗光氧化胁迫,但仍然造成了过剩的活性氧累积以及植物组织的膜脂过氧化伤害. 相似文献
4.
由美国水稻Lemont和中国华南水稻七桂早所组配成的杂种稻Le／Qi，既具有较高的光能截获能力，又具有较高的光能转化效率，其整体光合能力和亲本相比，得到了明显的改进。不论是在美国阿肯色州，还是在中国广州，Le／Qi较之Lemont及七桂早，光能利用率分别提高了53％～62％及8％～15％，比美国亲本具有明显为高的产量，比中国亲本明显提高了品质，增加了经济产值。利用由美国水稻和中国华南水稻所组配成的12对杂种组合进行扩大试验的结果表明，几乎所有杂种都显示了整体光合能力的明显改进，比美国亲本具有明显为快的叶面积发展能力，表现在明显为高的生物学产量上；比中国华南亲本具有明显增强了清除有害自由基的能力，从而提高了在高光强下的光合作用光能转化效率。 相似文献
5.
This study focused on the physiological changes inCryptomeria japonica accompanied by needle color changes during the winter. The physiological measurements include gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence,
pigments, active oxygen scavenging enzymes, and several proteins in the photosynthetic apparatus. The light-saturated photosynthesis
decreased during the winter. Total chlorophyll content and chlorophylla/b ratio decreased; meanwhile xanthophyll cycle pigments and lutein contents increased significantly. These results indicate
that cold acclimation had occurred. Photoinhibition was also observed inC. japonica which can be determined from the decreases in photochemical efficiency of PS II and the partial closure of PS II reaction
centers. Small and large subunits of Rubisco and LHC II in the needles ofC. japonica showed only a slight decrease during the winter, indicating that photoinhibition inC. japonica probably reflects a protective process to prevent more severe damage to the photosynthetic apparatus during low-temperature
stress.
This research was supported by the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institute (BRAIN), Japan 相似文献
6.
【目的】研究棉花花青素能量耗散过程维持光合机构稳定性。【方法】选取花青素含量差异较大的棉花为材料,测定花青素含量、光合色素含量、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、NDH介导的环式电子流活性、ATP合成酶活性、玉米黄质的合成速率等。【结果】随花青素含量升高,吸光能力逐渐增强,而净光合速率逐渐减弱,将面临较多的过剩激发能;NDH介导的环式电子流活性均逐渐增强,并且环式电子调控的ATP合成也逐渐增强;相对于无花青素的棉花,花青素存在的条件下,叶黄素循环的热耗散明显较弱,并且随花青素含量的增多,叶黄素循环的过程逐渐减弱,可能花青素的耗散能力逐渐增强。【结论】花青素能够作为一种光保护机制起到耗散过剩光能有效保护PSI和PSII。 相似文献
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由美国水稻Lemont和中国华南水稻七桂早所组配成的杂种稻Le/Qi，既具有较高的光能截获能力，又具有较高的光能转化效率，其整体光合能力和亲本相比，得到了明显的改进。不论是在美国阿肯色州，还是在中国广州，Le/Qi较之Lemont及七桂早，光能利用率分别提高了53%～62%及8%～15%，比美国亲本具有明显为高的产量，比中国亲本明显提高了品质，增加了经济产值。利用由美国水稻和中国华南水稻所组配成的12对杂种组合进行扩大试验的结果表明，几乎所有杂种都显示了整体光合能力的明显改进，比美国亲本具有明显为快的叶面积发展能力，表现在明显为高的生物学产量上；比中国华南亲本具有明显增强了清除有害自由基的能力，从而提高了在高光强下的光合作用光能转化效率。 相似文献
9.
Roberta Esposito Nadia Ruocco Thomas Viel Serena Federico Valerio Zupo Maria Costantini 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)
In the last decades, the marine environment was discovered as a huge reservoir of novel bioactive compounds, useful for medicinal treatments improving human health and well-being. Among several marine organisms exhibiting biotechnological potential, sponges were highlighted as one of the most interesting phyla according to a wide literature describing new molecules every year. Not surprisingly, the first marine drugs approved for medical purposes were isolated from a marine sponge and are now used as anti-cancer and anti-viral agents. In most cases, experimental evidence reported that very often associated and/or symbiotic communities produced these bioactive compounds for a mutual benefit. Nowadays, beauty treatments are formulated taking advantage of the beneficial properties exerted by marine novel compounds. In fact, several biological activities suitable for cosmetic treatments were recorded, such as anti-oxidant, anti-aging, skin whitening, and emulsifying activities, among others. Here, we collected and discussed several scientific contributions reporting the cosmeceutical potential of marine sponge symbionts, which were exclusively represented by fungi and bacteria. Bioactive compounds specifically indicated as products of the sponge metabolism were also included. However, the origin of sponge metabolites is dubious, and the role of the associated biota cannot be excluded, considering that the isolation of symbionts represents a hard challenge due to their uncultivable features. 相似文献
10.
北京地区大叶黄杨越冬进程中光系统Ⅱ的行为特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用PAM2100调制式叶绿素荧光仪与氧电极技术,监测常绿阔叶植物大叶黄杨在北京地区越冬进程中光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)行为特征的转变。结果表明:随着越冬进程的推进,光合放氧速率和PSⅡ光化学效率相继降低,阳生叶降低的幅度均比阴生叶大。深冬,阳生叶的荧光诱导曲线的动力学变化完全消失,而阴生叶能保持一定的荧光动力学变化。同时,植物采取多种防御措施相互配合,保护PSⅡ反应中心:首先,初始荧光(Fo)与最大PSⅡ光化学效率(FV/Fm)同步降低,表明植物通过减小捕光天线系统的方式减少过多光能对PSⅡ反应中心的激发压;其次,光化学猝灭(qP)始终较高,表明PSⅡ通过保持较高的开放程度,减少激发能在PSⅡ供体侧的积累;最后,非线性电子传递与天线系统之外的热耗散是大叶黄杨越冬进程重要的光保护机制。 相似文献