线粒体DNA在动物分子系统学研究中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴伟  王晓梅  杨华 《天津农学院学报》2005,12(2):48-53

mtDNA由于其自身的特点和优越性,已被广泛地应用于动植物分子系统学的研究。本文概述了mtDNA的基本特征、遗传特点和用于系统分类的优点,并对mtDNA在动物分子系统学中的部分研究成果做了概括。  相似文献   

用RA PD方法研究粘菌粉瘤菌属内3个种的分子系统学关系     

刘淑艳  李玉 《吉林农业大学学报》2000,22(4):1-4

ＲＡＰＤ技术已广泛用于菌物系统学研究中。本研究用３０个随机引物对来自不同地区的粉瘤菌属（Ｌｙｃｏｇａｌａ）内３种２２份样品进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增。扩增图谱用聚类分的法分析,结果表明：所研究的粉瘤菌属的３个种种间差异明显,且小粉瘤菌（Ｌ．ｅｘｉｇｕｕｍ）在产缘关系上与大粉瘤菌（Ｌ．ｆｌａｖｏｆｕｃｕｍ）稍近,而与粉瘤菌（Ｌ．ｅｐｉｄｅｎｄｒｕｍ）。  相似文献   

真菌系统分类与鉴定中的新方法   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

牛永春 《北京林业大学学报》1995,17(2):93-98

随着科技与生产的发展，近年来应用于真菌进化、分类研究与鉴定的新方法不断出现．本文对其主要方面─—电镜技术、色谱法、蛋白质与同工酶技术、分子生物学技术等的应用状况、特点、问题与进展进行了评述．  相似文献   

用水稻微卫星引物进行竹子分子系统学研究初探   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  

李淑娴  尹佟明  邹惠渝  丁雨龙  黄敏仁 《林业科学》2002,38(3):42-48

竹子和水稻在进化上有较近的亲缘关系 ,本文利用水稻的微卫星引物对竹子的分子系统学进行了初步研究。与传统的分类结果不同 ,研究发现巴山木竹属是与青篱竹属相关属分化较大的 1个竹种 ,同时也证实了巴山木竹属作为 1个单独的属是成立的。研究也明确了茶秆竹的分类学位置。本研究从 1个不同的层面对青篱竹属相关属及属下一些竹种的关系提供了 1个新的研究结果 ,为利用现代分子生物学技术对广义青篱竹属的系统学研究提供了 1个借鉴。同时本研究对开展竹子的分子生物学研究提供了 1个崭新的思路和方法  相似文献   

基于16S rRNA基因部分序列的长江口虾虎鱼科鱼类系统分类   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕杨  宋超  刘媛媛  赵峰  张涛  高宇  庄平 《海洋渔业》2016,(1):17-25

为了确定线粒体16S rRNA基因在长江口虾虎鱼科鱼类系统分类及物种鉴定中的作用,采用16S rRNA基因特异扩增测序及Gen Bank已有序列联合配对分析的方法,对长江口虾虎鱼科9属11种鱼类34个16S rRNA基因片段的序列进行比较和系统分类研究。统计分析显示,虾虎鱼科鱼类该片段的A含量明显高于其它3个碱基含量,A+T的平均含量高于G+C的平均含量,第3密码子位点G+C含量最高,其平均值为51.1%,变化范围为49.8%~53.2%。全部转换位点多于颠换位点,转换/颠换比值为1.45。依据Maximum Composite Likelihood模型,得出11种虾虎鱼科鱼类种间遗传距离平均值为0.151,种内为0.002,种间遗传距离是种内遗传距离的76倍。通过邻接法(Neighbor-joining,NJ)构建系统发育树,显示长江口虾虎鱼科鱼类为明显的单系群,并进一步佐证把传统形态分类中弹涂鱼科的青弹涂鱼(Scartelaos histiophorus)和大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)及鳗虾虎鱼科的拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼(Odontamblyopus lacepedii)和红狼牙虾虎鱼(Odontamblyopus rubicundus)归属于虾虎鱼科的合理性。聚类结果显示红狼牙虾虎鱼和拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼聚在一起,其节点支持率达100%,两者可能为同种异名。本研究表明,线粒体16S rRNA基因序列作为分子标记对虾虎鱼科鱼类进行物种鉴定和系统分类是可行的,可为虾虎鱼类的亲缘关系分析提供基础资料。  相似文献   

Classification of pedogenic cementation in Podzols by pocket penetrometry     

《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2017,180(4):430-435

According to the German Soil Taxonomy, the formation of cemented horizons in Podzols is restricted to the precipitation of iron oxides. However, in iron‐poor sandy substrates, also illuviation of only organic compounds can form cemented horizons with penetration resistances of up to 14 kg cm⁻². We present a reproducible field test for classifying pedogenic cementation in Podzols and suggest considering cemented horizons (Bmh and Bhm) in the upcoming edition of the Guidelines for Soil Mapping.  相似文献   

Screening RAPD primers for molecular taxonomy and cultivar fingerprinting in the genus Actinidia   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Guido Cipriani  Renata Di Bella  Raffaele Testolin 《Euphytica》1996,90(2):169-174

Summary Eighty ten-base long arbitrary primers were tested for PCR-based DNA amplification of three species of the genus Actinidia (A. deliciosa the kiwifruit, A. chinensis, and A. kolomikta), with the aim of screening species-specific and genotype-specific markers.Of the 80 primers tested, 30 gave an average of 3.5 bands which were monomorphic within one or two species and absent in the remaining one(s), thus resulting in useful markers for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes. None of the primers tested produced bands linked to sex. Twenty primers out of the twenty-five selected from a preliminary screening showed high levels of polymorphism, producing two to eleven patterns each from the 13 kiwifruit cultivars examined.We found the Stoffel fragment and the Taq polymerase were both suitable for RAPD analysis, the most noticeable difference being the smaller size of fragments (0.4–1.2 kb) produced by the former in comparison to the latter (1.0–3.4 kb). We tested also three different annealing temperatures (35, 37, and 39° C) and found the intermediate one best for number of amplified bands and reproducibility of results.Abbreviations 2-BE 2-butoxyethanol - CTAB hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide - MAS Marker-Assisted-Selection - PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction - RAPD Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - RFLPs Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms  相似文献   

RAPD analysis of interspecific relationships in presumably apomictic Cotoneaster species   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Igor V. Bartish  Bertil Hylmö  Hilde Nybom 《Euphytica》2001,120(2):273-280

A few of the approximately 300 Cotoneaster species described are diploid but the majority appear to be polyploid. The occurrence of apomixis inpolyploid Cotoneaster species has been reported but never proven with genetic markers. We have used 76 polymorphic RAPD markers to investigate the breeding system and phenetic grouping of some critical taxa, including a total of 19 plant accessions representing 13 mostly European species in the series Cotoneaster. Three to four individual plants, raised from seed from the same original plant, were analyzed for each of three accessions to investigate the possible occurrence of apomictic seed set. Absolutely congruent RAPD profiles were encountered among seedlings from one accession, whereas we found one or two marker differences among seedlings from the other two accessions. Genetic similarities among the different accessions were analyzed with a UPGMA-derived dendrogram. The most deviant taxon was the Chinese C. albokermesinus. A group withC. soczavianus and C. tomentosus was rather isolated from the remainder, as was also C. kullensis. Among the remaining taxa, two well supported clusters were found: (1) C. antoninae and C. uralensis, and (2) C. integerrimus and C. raboutensis, whereas the other five species (C. canescens, C. niger, C. scandinavicus, C. juranus, C. cambricus) formed a poorly supported cluster with no clear substructuring. A principal coordinate analysis yielded results that were in good correspondence with the dendrogram. Again C. albokermesinus appears to be totally isolated from the other species. In addition, two well-defined and rather isolated groups were found: (1) C. tomentosus and C. soczavianus, and (2) C. antoninae and C. uralensis, with the remainder comprising a loosely defined group. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

北美绿苹果组植物的花粉形态和系统学研究     

杨晓红  李育农 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,17(1):18-23

北美绿苹果组６个种的花粉属中等大小，多为圆球形，个别为长球形，３沟极轴走向，沟中央较宽，没方向渐细，萌发孔３个，环列于３沟之中央，孔沟属Ｎ３Ｐ４Ｃ５型，外壁呈条网纹饰或近于条纹饰。６个种的花粉Ｐ／Ｅ值大小不同，依次为花冠海棠（１．３６５７），窄叶海棠（１．０１２８）、草原海棠（０．９８７７），扁果海棠（０．９８２２）、披针叶海棠（０．９７６９）和粉绿叶海棠（０．９６７４）。其Ｐ／Ｅ值可作为本组植物  相似文献   

Bodensystematik und Bodenklassifikation Teil I: Grundbegriffe     

Christoph Albrecht  Reinhold Jahn  Bernd Huwe 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(1):7-20

Soil systematics and classification systems Part I: Fundamentals Soil‐ordering systems are primarily based and developed on one of two underlying principles: They are either categorized according to soil‐forming processes, or the formation of categories develops by chosen parameters. This perspective has already been established in the literature, though it is often confusing as many terms are defined and applied differently. In this contribution, the various definitions of systematics, classification, taxonomy, and identification will be clearly differentiated and summarized. The core of our work is to clearly define and contrast three terms: systematics, classification, and identification. Systematics is the fundamental scientific and deductive ordering of objects into systematic units. The purpose of this approach is to organize the entire spectrum of knowledge within a discipline into a transparent and manageable form. Classification, in direct contrast to systematics, is goal‐oriented and an inductive ordering of objects. Thus, the ordering scheme consists of classes which are clearly parameterized. Identification is the ordering of new objects into an already existing systematics or classification system. Close attention is paid to both the differences and the similarities between a systematics and a classification system, especially pertaining to their practical applications. The identification requires that the category‐forming characteristics can be measured (e.g., for soil systematics, these are the soil‐forming processes and factors). Currently, it is unfortunately not feasible to objectively quantify most soil‐forming processes. Thus, most attempts at categorizing soils by systematics are hypothetical and highly subjective in nature. The resulting identification derived from the soil systematics approach is open to questions and contestable, since a graded measuring system does not yet exist to verify these determinations. In contrast, a soil‐classification system does allow an objective soil‐profile identification, although such systems are conceived pragmatically and designed for a practical purpose (e.g., not scientifically based on process intensities). Unfortunately, such a classification system cannot be applied as a universal scientific categorization system due to this method of conception. Both categorization approaches are required in soil science in order to satisfy both the practical and the scientific aspects of the field. However, substantial research must be done to complete and verify systematics. The only viable short‐term solution is through the development of a graded classification system where the categories of the system are directly derived from the current systematics approach. In the long run both the exact investigation and the detailed modeling of the soil‐forming processes are inevitable.  相似文献