感染反刍动物的几种常见梭状芽孢杆菌     

姚文生  张广川  郑细海 《中国兽药杂志》2003,37(10):40-43,29

梭状芽孢杆菌属的成员在自然界中是一种非常独特的种类，当其进入到反刍动物体内时，常会引起肌肉和软组织感染、肠道疾病和神经中毒性疾病。梭状芽孢杆菌引起反刍动物发病的机理通常是间接地通过其产生的一种或多种毒素(毒蛋白质)来致病。本文从肌肉和软组织感染、肠道疾病以及神经中毒性感染三个方面探讨了引起感染的梭状芽孢杆菌。  相似文献   

First Identification of 12β-Deoxygonyautoxin 5 (12α-Gonyautoxinol 5) in the Cyanobacterium Dolichospermum circinale (TA04) and 12β-Deoxysaxitoxin (12α-Saxitoxinol) in D. circinale (TA04) and the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum (Group IV) (120518KureAC)     

Michiru Akamatsu  Ryosuke Hirozumi  Yuko Cho  Yuta Kudo  Keiichi Konoki  Yasukatsu Oshima  Mari Yotsu-Yamashita 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)

Saxitoxin and its analogues, paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are potent and specific voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. These toxins are produced by some species of freshwater cyanobacteria and marine dinoflagellates. We previously identified several biosynthetic intermediates of PSTs, as well as new analogues, from such organisms and proposed the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of PSTs. In this study, 12β-deoxygonyautoxin 5 (12α-gonyautoxinol 5 = gonyautoxin 5-12(R)-ol) was identified in the freshwater cyanobacterium, Dolichospermum circinale (TA04), and 12β-deoxysaxitoxin (12α-saxitoxinol = saxitoxin-12(R)-ol) was identified in the same cyanobacterium and in the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum (Group IV) (120518KureAC) for the first time from natural sources. The authentic standards of these compounds and 12α-deoxygonyautoxin 5 (12β-gonyautoxinol 5 = gonyautoxin 5-12(S)-ol) were prepared by chemical derivatization from the major PSTs, C1/C2, produced in D. circinale (TA04). These standards were used to identify the deoxy analogues by comparing the retention times and MS/MS spectra using high-resolution LC-MS/MS. Biosynthetic or metabolic pathways for these analogues have also been proposed based on their structures. The identification of these compounds supports the α-oriented stereoselective oxidation at C12 in the biosynthetic pathway towards PSTs.  相似文献   

A review of cyanobacterial odorous and bioactive metabolites: Impacts and management alternatives in aquaculture   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Juliette L. Smith  Greg L. Boyer  Paul V. Zimba 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,280(1-4):5-20

Increased demand has pushed extensive aquaculture towards intensively operated production systems, commonly resulting in eutrophic conditions and cyanobacterial blooms. This review summarizes those cyanobacterial secondary metabolites that can cause undesirable tastes and odors (odorous metabolites) or are biochemically active (bioactive metabolites) in marine and freshwater, extensive and intensive aquaculture systems. For the scope of this paper, biochemically active metabolites include (1) toxins that can cause mortality in aquaculture organisms or have the potential to harm consumers via accumulation in the product (hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, neurotoxins, dermatoxins, and brine shrimp/molluskal toxins), (2) metabolites that may degrade the nutritional status of aquaculture species (inhibitors of proteases and grazer deterrents) or (3) metabolites that have the potential to negatively affect the general health of aquaculture species or aquaculture laborers (dermatoxins, irritant toxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins). Suggestions are made as to future management practices in intensive and extensive aquaculture and the potential exposure pathways to aquaculture species and human consumers are identified.  相似文献   

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Apx毒素的分子生物学与致病机理     

胡成名  文心田  曹三杰  黄小波 《动物医学进展》2007,28(7):94-98

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(App)引起的猪的一种呼吸道传染病.到目前为止,APP已经被分离鉴定出了15种血清型(1～15).15种血清型的APP能产生属于RTX毒素家族的4种Apx毒素,分别为ApxⅠ、ApxⅡ、ApxⅢ和ApxⅣ.ApxⅠ操纵子包含有ApxⅠ C、A、B、D 4个基因;ApxⅠ毒素含有13个富含甘氨酸的重复区.ApxⅡ操纵子仅包括结构基因ApxⅡA和激活基因ApxⅡC,而无分泌基因;ApxⅡ蛋白含有8个甘氨酸的序列重复.ApxⅢ操纵子与ApxⅠ操纵子相同,具有一个完整的操纵子;ApxⅢ在N～末端有3个疏水区,在C末端部分有13个富含甘氨酸的区域.Apx毒素的致病机理为先由没有活性的前体蛋白转变为有活性的ApxA蛋白,再由有活性的ApxA蛋白侵害细胞.  相似文献   

转Bt基因作物毒素在土壤中降解特性的研究进展     

刘玉荣  付庆灵  梁巍  蔡鹏  胡红青 《湖北农业科学》2006,45(3):377-381

总结了国内外转Bt基因作物在土壤中降解特性的研究结果,讨论了土壤有机、无机组分与毒素蛋白的关系,阐明了转基因毒素蛋白在土壤中的降解与影响因素,揭示了转Bt基因作物在土壤中降解的生态环境效应,并提出了今后应深入研究的问题和方向.  相似文献   

双低油菜籽粕营养成分及饲喂育成鸡研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高玉鹏  薛雅蓉 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,18(3):281-287

本文分析了双低油菜籽粕的营养及抗营养成分，并以不同的日粮比例对０～２０周龄蛋鸡进行饲养试验。结果表明，双低油菜籽粕与普通菜籽粕的粗蛋白、氨基酸含量相似，硫甙及其水解产物ＯＺＴ，ＩＴＣ等抗营养成分仅为１／１０左右。在日粮中添加１０％，１５％双低油菜籽粕，对蛋鸡生长发育、甲状腺及血清Ｔ３，Ｙ４，ＴＳＨ，ＴＧ，Ｔｍ水平，肝及血浆ＣＨＥ，ＡＫＰ，ＧＯＴ，ＧＰＴ的活性和肾脏等均无异常影响。日粮中添加２０％双低油菜籽粕，鸡生长明显受到抑制，甲状腺肿大，血清Ｔｃ上升，Ｔ３下降，肝出血明显，血浆中ＧＯＴ，ＧＰＴ明显升高。故认为，双低油菜籽粕是１种氨基酸组成较均衡、毒素含量较低的蛋白质饲料，在０～２０周龄蛋鸡日粮中加到１５％时均安全。  相似文献   

松针褐斑病菌和4个球腔菌属真菌毒素杀草活性比较     

朱海峰  杨斌 《西南林学院学报》2010,30(2):33-36

以紫茎泽兰和湿地松幼苗为材料,研究球腔菌属4个菌种毒素粗提物活性,并与松针褐斑病菌对比。结果显示：褐孢霉菌和草莓蛇眼小球壳菌对湿地松幼苗和紫茎泽兰均具有伤害作用,且为非寄主专化性毒素。在MS液体培养基中,松针褐斑病菌产毒高峰为10～20d,20d达到最大;褐孢霉菌和草莓蛇眼小球壳菌产毒高峰为5～10d,10d左右达到最大。不同浓度毒素粗提液对紫茎泽兰伤害活性测定结果显示,松针褐斑病菌和褐孢霉菌毒素粗提物活性比草莓蛇眼小球壳菌毒素粗提物活性更强;梨球腔菌和柿子球腔菌在MS液体培养基中不能产生明显伤害生测材料的毒素物质。  相似文献   

Enhancement of protective immune responses by oral vaccination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing recombinant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIA or ApxIIA in mice     

Sung Jae Shin  Seung Won Shin  Mi Lan Kang  Deog Yong Lee  Moon-Sik Yang  Yong-Suk Jang  Han Sang Yoo 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2007,8(4):383-392

We previously induced protective immune response by oral immunization with yeast expressing the ApxIIA antigen. The ApxI antigen is also an important factor in the protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 infection; therefore, the protective immunity in mice following oral immunization with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing either ApxIA (group C) or ApxIIA (group D) alone or both (group E) was compared with that in two control groups (group A and B). The immunogenicity of the rApxIA antigen derived from the yeast was confirmed by a high survival rate and an ApxIA-specific IgG antibody response (p < 0.01). The highest systemic (IgG) and local (IgA) humoral immune responses to ApxIA and ApxIIA were detected in group E after the third immunization (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 after challenge with an A. pleuropneumoniae field isolate did not change significantly in the vaccinated groups. The level of TNF-α increased in a time-dependent manner in group E but was not significantly different after the challenge. After the challenge, the mice in group E had a significantly lower infectious burden and a higher level of protection than the mice in the other groups (p < 0.05). The survival rate in each group was closely correlated to the immune response and histopathological observations in the lung following the challenge. These results suggested that immunity to the ApxIA antigen is required for optimal protection.  相似文献   

Analysis of exotoxins produced by atypical isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida,by enzymatic and serological methods     

Gudmundsdóttir BK  Hvanndal I  Björnsdóttir B  Wagner U 《Journal of fish diseases》2003,26(1):15-29

In this study, exotoxins produced by 62 Aeromonas salmonicida strains and the bacterium Haemophilus piscium were analysed. Enzymatic assays, zymograms and serological detection were used to monitor secretion by bacterial strains of the previously described exotoxins P1, GCAT and AsaP1 and also the extracellular P2 metallo-gelatinase and a serine caseinase, which is different from the P1 protease and has not yet been characterized. Based on the results, the strains were divided into five groups. One comprised the type strains for A. salmonicida ssp. masoucida, H. piscium and 36% of the atypical isolates, and another, a type strain for A. salmonicida ssp. smithia together with 14% of the atypical isolates. A second type strain of A. salmonicida ssp. smithia was grouped with 8% of the atypical isolates. The largest group contained the type strains for A. salmonicida ssp. achromogenes and 38% of the atypical isolates. The type strains for A. salmonicida ssp. salmonicida were in the last group with all the four typical strains and 4% of the atypical isolates. The combination of zymogram and serological detection used is recommended as the most reliable method for characterizing A. salmonicida strains according to their exotoxin secretion.  相似文献   

Myocardial injury in dogs with snake envenomation and its relation to systemic inflammation     

Rebecca Langhorn  Frida Persson  Bjrn blad  Amelia Goddard  Johan P. Schoeman  Jakob L. Willesen  Inge Tarnow  Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(2):174-181

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